影响急性进展性脑梗死患者疗效的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响急性进展性脑梗死患者疗效的相关因素。方法选择180例急性进展性脑梗死患者,给予常规治疗,评定疗效,观察性别、年龄、血压、血糖、血脂、纤维蛋白原水平、血小板计数等对急性进展性脑梗死患者治疗效果的影响。结果血压异常患者中治疗无效病例所占比例高于血压正常患者,血糖水平异常的无效病例所占比例高于血糖水平正常患者,血脂水平异常患者治疗无效病例所占比例高于血脂水平正常患者,纤维蛋白原水平异常患者中治疗效果无效病例所占比例高于纤维蛋白原水平正常患者,血小板计数异常患者中的无效病例所占比例高于血小板计数正常患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血压、血糖、血脂、纤维蛋白原水平、血小板计数对急性进展性脑梗死患者治疗效果有影响,应及时处理上述因素,改善患者预后。     

进展性脑梗死相关危险因素临床分析

目的探讨进展性脑梗死的危险因素。方法回顾性分析收治的进展性脑梗死患者82例的临床资料。对其体温、血压、血糖、血脂、血纤维蛋白原、白细胞、C反应蛋白、经颅多普勒及颈部血管超声检查结果进行分析。结果进展性脑梗死患者血压、血糖、血脂、高纤维蛋白原血症、合并感染、大血管狭窄较非进展性脑梗死组明显增高。结论高血压、糖尿病、高纤维蛋白原血症、合并感染、大血管狭窄是进展性脑梗死患者的危险因素。     

进展性脑梗死相关因素分析

目的探讨进展性脑梗死的相关因素。方法回顾性分析80例进展性脑梗死患者临床资料,对其体温、血压、血糖、血脂、纤维蛋白原水平及病灶位置、大小进行相关分析研究。结果在体温、收缩压、血脂、血糖、纤维蛋白原及病灶位置、大小方面,两组对比有显著性差异。结论进展性脑梗死的危险因素多与发热、高血压(特别是收缩压下降、脉压小)、糖尿病、高纤维蛋白原、高血脂以及病灶位置、大小相关。     

进展性脑梗死的危险因素分析

目的探讨引起进展性脑梗死的危险因素，为防治提供理论依据。方法收集2007年5月-2009年5月在我院神经内科住院的150例急性脑梗死患者，其中进展性脑梗死50例，从非进展性脑梗死中选50例作为对照组。对两组患者的体温、血压、血糖、白细胞、胆固醇、纤维蛋白原、年龄、性别、吸烟、酗酒等其他危险因素比较分析。结果单因素分析显示：高血压病史、糖尿病病史、有感染、发热者、血压降低、血管狭窄、血脂高、纤维蛋白原增高等有关。结论及早发现进展性脑梗死的危险因素，给予预防与治疗，阻止病情进度，改善治疗效果及预防，     

疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的:观察疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及对血小板及纤维蛋白原的影响.方法:60 例急性脑梗死患者随机分两组,实验组静脉滴注疏血通注射液,对照组静脉滴注血塞通注射液,治疗20 d后比较两组的疗效及血小板计数和纤维蛋白原定量.结果:治疗20 d后进行疗效评定,实验组总有效率93.3%,对照组总有效率80%,两组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05),治疗前后血小板计数及纤维蛋白原定量比较P＜0.05,实验组与对照组治疗后比较P＜0.05.结论:疏血通注射液对急性脑梗死患者临床疗效优于血塞通且对急性脑梗死患者的血小板计数和血浆纤维蛋白的作用较血塞通显著,是治疗急性脑梗死比较理想的药物.     

进展性脑梗死相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨进展性脑梗死的相关危险因素.方法 选取急性进展性脑梗死患者及完全型脑梗死患者各112例,分别作为观察组和对照组,观察记录两组患者血压、入院24h体温、白细胞计数、胆固醇、三酰甘油、血糖、纤维蛋白原及颅外动脉彩超.结果 两组患者入院24h体温、收缩压、白细胞计数、血糖、胆固醇、三酰甘油及纤维蛋白原指标比较差异均有统计学意义(均P ＜0.05),观察组大血管狭窄率为57.14％,高于对照组的19.64％(x2=13.462,P＜0.01).结论 感染、收缩压下降、血糖升高、高脂血症、高纤维蛋白原血症及血管狭窄均为进展性脑梗死危险因素.     

进展性脑梗死危险因素探讨

目的对进展性脑梗死相关危险因素进行分析。方法对深圳市龙岗区人民医院40例进展性脑梗死患者入院时的血压、血糖、血脂、纤维蛋白原、同型半胱氨酸、血白细胞、颈部血管彩超、经颅多普勒、MRA及既往病史等因素进行回顾性分析。结果进展性脑梗死患者与对照组比较,在入院时收缩压、空腹血糖、同型半胱氨酸、白细胞等指标升高以及颈部大血管中重度狭窄、颅内血管狭窄等因素密切相关。结论进展性脑梗死影响因素是多方面的。这些因素互相影响产生SIP。故治疗应从不同的环节着手,阻止SIP的发生。     

羟乙基淀粉20氯化钠联合小剂量纤溶酶治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的：观察羟乙基淀粉20氯化钠联合小剂量纤溶酶治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对纤维蛋白原及血小板计数的影响。方法2013年1～12月收治的的急性脑梗死患者112例,随机分为2组,治疗组者56例,给予羟乙基淀粉20氯化钠联合小剂量纤溶酶静脉滴注;对照组56例,静脉滴注阿魏酸钠;经治疗7 d、14 d后分别观察2组患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准（ NDS）和临床疗效,比较2组用药前后纤维蛋白原及血小板计数有无变化。结果治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,NDS评分明显降低,2组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）,纤维蛋白原及血小板计数用药前后无明显变化（ P ＞0．05）,无明显不良反应发生。结论羟乙基淀粉20氯化钠联合小剂量纤溶酶治疗急性脑梗死,显著改善患者临床症状,降低致残率,无出血及出血现象发生,使用安全,值得推广。     

进展型脑梗死临床危险因素的浅析

目的探讨进展型脑梗死临床的危险因素。方法回顾分析笔者所在医院2005年1月至2010年1月间收治的130例脑梗死患者的临床资料。结果进展型脑梗死组患者的血压、血糖、纤维蛋白质、体温、白细胞计数指标高于对照组,2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论高血压、高血糖、高纤维蛋白原血症、高白细胞计数和发热是进展型脑梗死的危险因素。     

进展性脑缺血性卒中348例临床分析

目的探讨进展性缺血性脑卒中348例患者的危险因素。方法分析了348例进展性缺血性脑卒中患者的血压、血糖、血脂及纤维蛋白原指标与360例非进展性缺血脑卒中患者指标对照,并进行统计学处理。结果进展性缺血性脑卒中患者合并高血压例数明显高于对照组(P<0.01),血糖、血脂和纤维蛋白原指标也高于对照组(P<0.01、0.05)。结论高血压、糖尿病、高血脂和高纤维蛋白原血症是进展性缺血性脑卒中的危险因素。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.