女式接尿器在女性尿失禁患者中的应用及护理

目的 观察女式专用接尿器应用于女性尿失禁患者的护理效果.方法 选择女式尿失禁患者176例,随机分成两组,接尿器组88例,尿壶组88例,两组均从并发症如泌尿系统感染、尿液外渗、会阴部皮肤湿疹等方面综合评估.结果 接尿器组较尿壶组在泌尿系统感染、尿液外渗、会阴部皮肤湿疹方面的概率均明显降低.结论 女式专用接尿器应用于女性尿失禁患者安全有效,值得临床护理推广使用.     

新型男性医用接尿器的临床应用及研究

目的　探讨我们研制的一种新型男性医用接尿器安全使用的最佳时间 ,确保临床安全使用期限的效果。方法　将各种原因引起的尿失禁和小便不能自理男性患者 6 0例 ,随机分成观察组 30例应用新型男性医用接尿器 ,对照组 30例应用男性自理接尿器 ,在应用当日及以后每 2日 1次至 16日 ,分别留取尿标本进行细菌培养 ,并对临床应用情况进行了对比、研究。结果　在相对时间内 ,观察组固定牢靠 ,使用时间长 ,尿路感染率观察组明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　研究表明 ,新型男性医用接尿器设计合理 ,性能可靠 ,尿路感染率低 ,并找出了安全使用最佳时间为 10 d。     

探讨男性接尿器改进的研究

目的探讨男性接尿器改进的效果,更好的为患者服务。方法将2010年1月至2011年1月在我科住院符合条件的卧床尿失禁患者50例进行研究。分为改造后组25例,改造前组25例,观察前后两组的效果及患者及家属的满意率。结果将男性接尿器改为大饮料瓶式接尿器,效果较好,患者及家属满意率达100%,优于改造前组。结论改造后的接尿器优点多余改造前的优点,护理既方便又实惠,并发症少。     

食品保鲜袋用于男性尿失禁患者的护理效果

目的:研究食品保鲜袋用于男性尿失禁患者的护理效果.方法:将196例男性尿失禁患者随机分为4组,留置导尿管组、外周接尿器组、矿泉水瓶接尿组及保鲜袋接尿组,分别观察4组泌尿系感染、皮肤改变、尿液外渗情况.结果:保鲜袋组接尿效果明显优于另外3组,4组的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:使用保鲜袋接尿是一种较好的辅助排尿方法,值得临床应用和推广.     

自制一次性辅助外导尿装置在脑卒中男性尿失禁患者中的效果观察

目的 观察男性尿失禁患者应用自制一次性辅助外导尿装置接尿的效果.方法 75例脑卒中男性患者根据入院时间分为对照Ⅰ组、对照Ⅱ组与实验组,对照Ⅰ组采用虎泰牌男式自理接尿器,对照Ⅱ组采用保鲜袋接尿,实验组采用一次性辅助外导尿的导尿装置接尿,比较3组患者皮肤改变、尿袋脱落、漏尿、尿路感染、舒适度及满意度情况.结果 实验组皮肤改变、尿袋脱落、漏尿及尿路感染明显低于对照Ⅰ组及对照Ⅱ组(P<0.05);而患者满意度明显高于对照Ⅰ组及对照Ⅱ组(P<0.05).结论 对男性尿失禁患者采用一次性辅助外导尿的导尿装置,其操作简便、安全可靠,可明显减少皮肤改变、尿袋脱落、漏尿、尿路感染的发生,从而提高患者舒适度及满意率.     

高锰酸钾溶液湿敷治疗接尿器所致接触性皮炎效果观察

目的观察高锰酸钾溶液湿敷治疗接尿器所致会阴部接触性皮炎的临床效果。方法将60例使用接尿器所致接触性皮炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组使用常规温开水清洁后涂炉甘石治疗,观察组予以高锰酸钾溶液湿敷治疗。观察并比较2组接触性皮炎恢复情况。结果观察组治愈率和总有效率分别为93.3%、100.0%,高于对照组的6.7%、40.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论高锰酸钾溶液湿敷是治疗接尿器所致接触性皮炎的有效方法。     

自制女性密式接尿器的研究

尿失禁和小便不能自理是临床上常见病症。病人经常躺在被尿液浸湿的床上极易发生褥疮，为此作者精心设计并制作了女性密式接尿器。女性密式接尿器主要由接尿装置，贮尿装置和固定装置组成。根据人体体型及外阴大小分为４种型号。本产品适用于各种原因所致的女性尿失禁或小便不能自理者。该接尿器设计合理、造型独特、使用方便、操作简单、性能可靠、价格低廉，值得推广应用。     

自制接尿套在老年男性尿失禁中的应用效果

目的：观察自制接尿套在老年男性尿失禁患者中的应用效果。方法：选取2013年1月—2014年12月住院老年男性尿失禁患者152例,分成观察组76例,采用自制接尿套接尿,对照组76例,采用保鲜袋接尿,观察两组接尿成功率和阴茎皮肤改变情况。结果：观察组和对照组接尿成功率分别为93.42%和81.58%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.87, P＜0.05);皮肤改变率分别为9.21%和21.05%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.15,P＜0.05)。结论：观察组接尿成功率明显高于对照组,且皮肤改变发生率较低。     

高龄男性重症脑卒中患者留置尿管漏尿的原因分析与护理

<正>老年男性患者常有不同程度的前列腺增生,脑卒中发生后,由于失去神经的支配,产生尿潴留现象,常给予留置导尿。但留置尿管过程中经常会发生漏尿现象,给患者带来痛苦,也增加了泌尿系感染、失禁性皮炎、压疮发生的概率,严重影响疾病预后,增加了护理工作量。     

男性尿失禁的护理

目的介绍一种通风性好,操作简单的受尿器,用于男性尿失禁的护理。方法对50例男性尿失禁患者的使用、护理。结果无出现尿路感染、皮肤湿疹、阴茎水肿等症状。结论该受尿器用于男性尿失禁患者效果好,简便易行。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.