Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Endophthalmitis after cataract extraction

PURPOSE: To report the clinical course, treatment response, and prognosis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. METHODS: The clinical records of six cases of S. maltophilia endophthalmitis after cataract extraction were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected for surgical characteristics, disease course, culture growth, antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogen, response to treatment, and final visual acuity. RESULTS: Four patients underwent uncomplicated cataract extraction with phacoemulsification (PHACO) and intracapsular intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. One case was complicated by inadvertent posterior capsular tear during PHACO and IOL implantation. One patient underwent a combined extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with IOL implantation and trabeculectomy, but vitrectomy was also performed because of cortical material loss into the vitreous cavity after a capsular tear. Symptoms began between postoperative days 1 and 19. All patients underwent a vitreous tap and intravitreal injections of antibiotics. Medical therapy alone was sufficient in five patients to treat the infection. One patient had four episodes of recurrence. Pars plana vitrectomy with subsequent capsulectomy and IOL extraction were performed in this patient to complete remission. CONCLUSION: S. maltophilia should be considered a pathogenic organism possibly causing endophthalmitis after PHACO+IOL implantation. The clinical picture resembles acute bacterial endophthalmitis. When the pathogen has settled in the capsular bag, the infection may persist and become refractory to medical treatment.     

白内障术后眼内炎的治疗分析

目的：探讨白内障术后眼内炎的治疗方案及效果。方法：对我院2006-01/2010-12白内障摘除术＋人工晶状体植入术的21973例28722眼患者的资料（超声乳化20937例27521眼,囊外摘除术1036例1201眼）进行回顾性分析。结果：在全部术眼中,感染性眼内炎11眼,感染率为0.04%,9眼发生于超声乳化术后,2眼发生于白内障囊外摘除术后。共有5眼病原菌培养阳性,其中表皮葡萄球菌2眼,金黄色葡萄球菌,浅绿色气球菌,真菌各1眼。感染发生于白内障术后2wk以内者占73%（8/11）,房水混浊或前房积脓者行前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素;前房积脓合并明显玻璃体混浊或经前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素治疗观察1～2d感染加重者行前房灌洗＋玻璃体切割术。治疗后11眼均保住眼球。结论：白内障术后眼内炎经常发生于白内障术后2wk以内,经及时有效的治疗可控制感染发展,保留部分有用视力;前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素必要时联合玻璃体切割术是有效的治疗方法。     

白内障术后感染性眼内炎的治疗方法以及易感因素

目的：探讨白内障术后感染性眼内炎的治疗方法以及易感因素。 方法：回顾性分析2003-06/2013-06在我院确诊为白内障术后感染性眼内炎的患者8例8眼。所有患者均行手术治疗。术前均常规抽取房水及玻璃体液送细菌、真菌培养加药物敏感试验,观察分析患者病原菌及药敏情况,手术前后视力、术后感染控制情况及有无并发症等情况。 结果：术后随访6～12mo,8例患者手术后1,6mo视力与手术前视力比较显著提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;所有患者术后眼内炎症均得以控制,无1例出现术后并发症。8例患者中有7例检测到致病菌,其中4例为表皮葡萄球菌感染,3例为粪肠球菌D群感染;两种致病菌均对万古霉素敏感。易感因素有：高龄、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺病、肾功能衰竭、结核。 结论：尽早行前房冲洗联合玻璃体腔注药术或者玻璃体切割术联合玻璃体腔注药术均能够有效治疗感染性眼内炎。万古霉素是有效的抗菌药物。     

人工晶状体植入术后细菌性眼内炎治疗的临床观察

目的探讨人工晶状体（IOL）植入术后细菌性眼内炎治疗的方法。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象宣武医院2002—2008年治疗的IOL植入术后眼内炎患者15例15眼。方法所有患者先采用玻璃体腔注射抗生素治疗,如果炎症不能被控制注药后24小时行玻璃体切除术。主要指标眼内感染情况,视力,病原学检查结果。结果13例（86．6％）在术后72小时后发病。均进行了前房水或玻璃体标本的病原学检查,6例培养阳性,4例为表皮葡萄球菌。经玻璃体注入万古霉素等治疗,12例（80％）炎症被控制,其中10例视力恢复到0．1以上。3例炎症不能控制进行了玻璃体切除术。结论表皮葡萄球菌可能是亚急性IOL术后眼内炎的主要原因,及时的玻璃体腔注射抗生素治疗能控制大部分IOL植入术后的眼内炎。（眼科,2009,18：270-272）     

A case of postoperative endophthalmitis by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli

A 75-year-old female was transferred to our clinic three days after uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the right eye that had been carried out at a local clinic. Under the diagnosis of postoperative endophthalmitis, the patient underwent pars plans vitrectomy, IOL explantation, silicone oil tamponade, and intravitreal antibiotic injection. Even after the procedure, the patient's condition was further aggravated, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli were identified on bacterial identification test. Although meropenem was applied locally and systemically, the patient had no-light perception visual acuity.     

Acute endophthalmitis after 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy

Purpose To report a case with acute endophthalmitis as a postoperative complication of 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. Methods A 65-year-old gentleman, who underwent 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy for an idiopathic epiretinal membrane at Beyoğlu Eye Research and Training Hospital, presented with painful loss of vision three days later. For the treatment of acute postoperative endophthalmitis, revitrectomy, phacoemulsification with total capsulectomy and silicone oil injection were performed with intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidim injections. No predisposing risk factors for endophthalmitis or postoperative hypotony were present. Results Cultures were positive for coagulase negative staphylococcus. He was treated with systemic moxifloxacin and topical ofloxacin, prednisolone acetate postoperatively. Intraocular inflammation resided in 10 days. Silicone oil was removed three months later. At the last visit after 10 months of follow-up, visual acuity increased to 20/63. Conclusions Postoperative endophthalmitis following 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy occurred after 3 days in the absence of known predisposing factors. Endophthalmitis responded well to antibiotics and vitrectomy with a favorable visual outcome. Unsutured sclerotomies may provide a conduit for bacterial ingress. Preoperative prophylactic antibiotic usage may be considered as a preventive measure in sutureless vitrectomy.     

超声乳化白内障摘除术后眼内炎的临床探讨

目的:探讨超声乳化白内障摘除术后眼内炎的发生,预防和治疗方法。方法:对2001/2007间行超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的15615眼进行回顾性分析。结果:全部术眼中有9例术后发生眼内炎。均于发现后立即行玻璃体切割玻璃体注药术,并做玻璃体细菌学检查,3眼细菌培养阳性,1眼证实为真菌感染。2眼治疗后无光感,1眼眼球摘除。结论:超声乳化摘除术后眼内炎的发生率为0.058%,危险因素主要为结膜囊的污染和后囊膜破裂。术前严格消毒,减少后囊膜破裂的发生,同时积极地治疗可控制其发生和发展。     

Suspected Bacterial Endophthalmitis Following Sustained-release Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant: A Case Report

A 58-year-old man admitted to our opthalmology department with the complaint of branch retinal vein occlusion. He was treated with intravitreal Ozurdex in the right eye. Two days after the injection, the patient presented with ocular pain and the visual acuity was hand movement. A diagnosis of endophthalmitis was made. We performed emergent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and the implant was removed from the vitreous cavity using a retinal forceps. A combination of vancomycin 1.0 mg and amikacin 0.4 mg was injected intravitreally. However, because of the blurring in the vitreus one week after the procedure, phacoemulsification and a repeat PPV was performed. Five days after the last procedure the signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis were resolved. Our case demonstrated that endophthalmitis could develop after intravitreal implantation of Ozurdex. Surgical removal of the implant and immediate vitrectomy seems to be a useful treatment option in these cases.     

玻璃体切割治疗细菌性眼内炎的疗效观察

目的评估玻璃体切割治疗细菌性眼内炎的临床效果。方法收治22例细菌性眼内炎，抽吸前房水及玻璃体培养发现，常见的致病菌为葡萄球菌及枯草杆菌，采用玻璃体切割联合注药治疗眼内感染。结果治愈率为68％，总有效率为86％，3例丧失光感，占14％。结论玻璃体切割联合眼内注药是目前治疗眼内感染较为理想的方法。     

玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔注药治疗眼内炎

目的:观察玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔内注射万古霉素治疗眼内炎的疗效。方法:回顾性分析眼内炎患者30例30眼,观察其玻璃体细菌、真菌培养结果,经玻璃体切除后玻璃体腔内注射万古霉素,观察其眼部情况、最佳矫正视力及眼部并发症。结果:其中29眼(97%)控制了炎症,无视网膜脱离等眼底并发症,保留了眼球。1眼(3%)术后发展为全眼球炎而行眼球摘除。19眼(63%)视力比术前提高,7眼(23%)视力无变化,4眼(13%)视力比术前下降。结论:玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔内注射万古霉素能够有效治疗眼内炎。     

Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis requiring intraocular lens removal after failure of medical therapy

A 52-year-old Saudi man developed intraocular inflammation 7 weeks after uneventful phacoemulsification with implantation of a silicone posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). Cultures from the aqueous and vitreous were repeatedly negative, but a temporary response to intracameral and intravitreal injection of vancomycin was noted. A series of 6 intraocular injections given over 5 days failed to resolve the inflammation. It did, however, disappear after the IOL was removed. The IOL provided the only positive culture in this case of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis. Nine months later, a posterior chamber poly(methyl methacrylate) IOL was implanted. Eighteen months later, the patient had no recurrences. He regained a visual acuity of 20/30, corresponding to his best postoperative result.     

Clinical profile and outcome in Bacillus endophthalmitis

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical presentation, microscopic and organismal culture correlation of vitreous, and species-specific outcome in Bacillus endophthalmitis DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. INTERVENTION: Thirty-one culture proven Bacillus endophthalmitis patients between January 1991 and February 1998 underwent vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotic injection. Lensectomy was combined when considered essential, and on a few occasions intravitreal dexamethasone was added. The patients also received topical and systemic antibiotics. The undiluted vitreous biopsy was the source for microbiologic evaluation (microscopy and culture sensitivity). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The duration of symptoms, the presenting visual acuity, and influence of intravitreal dexamethasone with intravitreal antibiotics were examined for any statistical correlation with the final visual acuity. RESULTS: Trauma was the major cause of infection. Vitreous biopsy microscopy demonstrated gram-positive bacillus in 28 of 31 cases, and polymicrobial infection was seen in 12 instances. All Bacillus species were sensitive to gentamicin, followed by vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. Clinical treatment within 7 days of symptoms, use of intravitreal vancomycin, and absence of polymicrobial infection were associated with better visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: With appropriate treatment that essentially consists of vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics, patients with Bacillus endophthalmitis are likely to benefit in many instances. Gram-positive bacilli detected on vitreous microscopy should be empirically treated as Bacillus species unless otherwise proved.     

人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎治疗的临床分析

目的分析总结人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎的临床特征及治疗效果。方法2001年2月～2004年4月,我院收治此类患者7例(7只眼),分别于人工晶状体植入术后1～12天发生化脓性眼内炎。感染后视力：光感～手动／30cm。治疗方法：2只眼行玻璃体腔药物注射;4只眼行玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔药物注射;1只眼行眼内容剜出术。结果术后随访1～36个月,6只眼眼内炎症控制,视力分别为0、02、0．4、0．6、0．8、0．8,其中1只眼出现角膜内皮功能失代偿。结论人工晶状体植入术后突然发生的术眼疼痛是化脓性眼内炎早期重要特征之一。玻璃体腔注射联合玻璃体切除术是人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎安全、有效的治疗方法。     

外伤性眼内炎玻璃体切除联合注药的临床观察

目的 探讨玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔内注药治疗外伤性眼内炎的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析我院1998年10月－1999年10月收治的16例外伤性眼内炎的临床资料。结果 16眼术后炎症均得到控制,眼球得以保留,视力均有提高,半年后7例行人工晶状体植入术,最好视力达0.8。结论 玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔内注药是治疗外伤性眼内炎的最佳选择。     

超声乳化白内障吸除术后眼内容炎的治疗

目的　研究超声乳化白内障吸除术并发眼内容炎的临床特点、治疗方式选择及效果。方法　对 2 0例(2 0只眼 )超声乳化白内障吸除术后并发眼内容炎患者行房水、玻璃体液微生物检查 ,根据病情选择玻璃体腔内注入广谱抗生素或行玻璃体切除术 ,术中决定人工晶状体是否取出 ,同时全身、局部广谱抗生素及糖皮质激素治疗 ,分析治疗前后的眼部变化。结果　 10例有阳性菌种培养结果。2例经玻璃体腔注药病情控制 ;1例行眼球摘除术 ;17例接受了玻璃体切除术 ,术中同时行 IOL取出术 12例 ,1例手术治疗无效行眼内容物剜出术。术后 6月～ 2 4月间共随访到 17例 ,其治疗前视力与治疗后视力呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,治疗后视力与是否获得细菌阳性培养有关 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　及时的玻璃体腔广谱抗生素注射及适时的玻璃体切除术仍可保存部分较理想的视功能 ,视力预后与细菌培养结果及治疗前视力有关。     

人工晶状体术后慢性细菌性眼内炎的治疗效果观察

目的 通过对白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后慢性细菌性眼内炎的治疗效果观察,提出治疗建议。方法 回顾分析2004-2009年收治的4例4眼人工晶状体术后慢性细菌性眼内炎,观察其发生时间、眼部体征。经平坦部玻璃体切除、晶状体后囊膜环形撕囊联合眼内注入万古霉素作为首选治疗方法。切除的玻璃体和撕下的晶状体后囊膜进行涂片和培养微生物检查。复发病例联合全身应用大环内酯类抗生素治疗。术后观察其眼部情况、视力。结果 4例平均发病时间是人工晶状体术后8周（5～11周）。其中女性3人、男性1人,年龄平均75岁（67～81岁）。玻璃体切除前视力分别是眼前手动1眼、数指2眼、1眼0.06。丙酸痤疮杆菌感染3跟,表皮葡萄球菌感染1眼。其中两眼分别于术后7周和5周复发。复发的两眼间断结膜下注射地塞米松和妥布霉素,联合全身应用罗红霉素和阿奇霉素8周,炎症控制。随访16～36月,无复发。最后随访眼部无炎症表现,晶状体囊膜清晰和玻璃体腔均清澈,最佳矫正视力分别是0.8、0.5、0.2和0.3。结论 人工晶状体植入术后慢性眼内炎玻璃体切除和晶状体后囊膜环形撕除术后,局部和全身应用抗生素时间要适当延长以防治复发,大环内酯类抗生素的治疗作用应受到重视。     

白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后急性感染性眼内炎的临床观察

目的探讨白内障摘除联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术后急性感染性眼内炎的治疗策略。 方法收集2011至2017年广州爱尔眼科医院收治并诊断为白内障摘除联合IOL植入术后发生急性感染性眼内炎的9例患者的临床资料。其中,在广州爱尔眼科医院进行白内障手术后发生眼内炎的患者1例,在基层医院行白内障手术后发生眼内炎的转诊患者8例。查阅患者的视力、眼压、眼前节、眼部B超扫描等检查结果。对患者行玻璃体切除术(PPV),并依据患者的感染情况行IOL取出＋硅油填充术。手术中常规取前房液和玻璃体液进行细菌和真菌培养。 结果在9例患者中,糖尿病患者1例,高血压患者2例,其余无长期全身疾病。本文中所有患者发生急性感染性眼内炎的时间均在白内障手术后1～9 d,表现为术眼剧痛、视力急剧下降、结膜充血水肿、角膜不同程度水肿、房水混浊伴或不伴前房积脓及出现前房渗出膜等症状。眼部B超检查结果显示患者的玻璃体混浊,眼底窥不见。在9例急性感染性眼内炎患者中,有8例患者及时进行PPV治疗,1例患者由于角膜混浊未能进行完整的PPV;7例患者术前曾行前房冲洗及取材行病理涂片,6例患者于PPV前进行玻璃体腔内注射万古霉素;术后早期有3例患者取出IOL联合硅油填充术,其余6例患者保留IOL以及眼内注药,无填充硅油。9例患者中有7例患者术后视力较术前有所提高,其中最佳矫正视力在0.01～0.09的有2例,在0.1～0.3的有3例,在0.3～0.5的有2例,1例患者术后视力无提高,1例患者由于感染不能控制,进行眼内容物剜除术。 结论PPV是白内障摘除术后急性感染性眼内炎有效控制感染的治疗方法。对于角膜条件相对较好的眼内炎患者积极行PPV是保留患者视功能的关键。     

Recurrent enterococcal endophthalmitis seeded by an intraocular lens biofilm

A case of endophthalmitis following uneventful phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in a 77-year-old diabetic man was culture-positive for Enterococcus faecalis. After successful treatment with intravitreal, topical, and systemic antibiotic agents, the infection seemed to clear and the patient achieved a corrected visual acuity of 20/25. Four months after the initial presentation, the patient again developed signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis, with regrowth of E faecalis. The antibiotic therapy was repeated. One month later, the IOL was removed surgically and found to harbor a biofilm of the strain demonstrated by DNA analysis. The microbiologic and DNA analyses support that a biofilm on an IOL could be a vector for a cause of recurrent endophthalmitis. Intraocular lens exchange in cases of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by E faecalis may be considered to decrease the risk for recurrent infection.     

Recurrent Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification

We present the first reported case of late recurrence of postoperative Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in a 45-year-old diabetic man. Culture-positive E faecalis endophthalmitis was diagnosed 2 days after uneventful phacoemulsification. Early vitrectomy with intravitreal and subconjunctival vancomycin and amikacin and topical vancomycin resulted in apparently complete clinical resolution after 4 months and a best corrected visual acuity of 20/25. Recurrent endophthalmitis with hypopyon occurred 7 months postoperatively and resolved with intravitreal vancomycin and topical prednisolone acetate 1%. However, the patient had a similar relapse at 9 months that resulted in deterioration of visual acuity to no light perception despite a repeat vitrectomy, intraocular lens explantation, capsular bag removal, and intravitreal antibiotics. The late recurrences could have been the result of persistent sequestration of the organism in the capsular bag.     

Clinical profile,visual outcome and root cause analysis of post-operative cluster endophthalmitis due to Burkholderia cepacia complex

Purpose:To present varied clinical presentations, surveillance reports, and final visual outcomes of a rare outbreak of cluster endophthalmitis caused by gram-negative, opportunistic bacilli, Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc).Methods:Details of five patients who developed postoperative cluster endophthalmitis were collected. For each patient, an undiluted vitreous sample was collected during vitreous tap. Bacterial culture from the vitreous sample in each case had grown Bcc. Surveillance investigations for root cause analysis (RCA) were performed in the operating room (OR), admission, and day-care wards to localize the source.Results:Four patients had undergone phacoemulsification surgery, and one patient had undergone penetrating keratoplasty. Each patient received an initial dose of empiric intravitreal ceftazidime and vancomycin. The organism isolated in each case was sensitive to ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole, and meropenem and resistant to other antibiotics. Core vitrectomy was done after 48–60 hours in four patients along with intravitreal imipenem injection. One patient did not provide consent for core vitrectomy and subsequently developed phthisis bulbi. Three patients had subsequent recurrences. Two patients had a final BCVA of 20/60, two had BCVA better than 20/200, while one patient had no perception of light. None of the surveillance samples from the OR complex could isolate Burkholderia.Conclusion:Extensive OR surveillance should be done to identify the potential source of infection. However, the source may not be identifiable in few instances like in our case. Longer follow-up is recommended in cases of Bcc endophthalmitis due to the persistent nature of the infection.