登革2型病毒04株5‘和3’末端的序列分析

目的 观察登革２型病毒０４株（Ｄ２－０４）基因组５’和３’末端序列。方法 从Ｄ２－０４感染的Ｃ６／３６细胞中提取总ＲＮＡ,以该ＲＮＡ为模板,利用ＲＡＣＥ法,分别扩增Ｄ２－０４株的５’和３’末端ｃＤＮＡ片段。将其分别与ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体连接得到含有５’端５３５ｂｐ和３’端５０３ｂｐ ｃＤＮＡ的重组质粒,并测定上述ｃＤＮＡ插入片段的序列。将Ｄ２－０４的５’和３’端非编码区的核苷酸序列与其它登芏２型毒株进     

登革Ⅰ型病毒E蛋白在293T细胞中的分泌表达

目的 分泌表达登革Ⅰ型病毒prM/E基因,为研究该蛋白的免疫学功能和特性奠定基础.方法 用RT-PCR法获得登革Ⅰ型病毒广州分离株全长prM/E基因,在prM基因前添加乙型脑炎病毒的信号肽或同时替换E基因羧基末端的20%为乙脑病毒E基因相应的部分,分别将其克隆入真核表达载体pcDNAS/FRT中,获得三种重组质粒DlprME-pc5,D1JsprME-pc5,D1JsprM80E20JE-pc5.用脂质体法分别将重组质粒DNA转入293T细胞,通过免疫荧光、Western印迹检测外源基因在真核细胞中的分泌表达.结果 用免疫荧光法检测到分别转染了三种重组质粒的293T细胞的胞质中均有登革Ⅰ型病毒蛋白的表达.Western印迹检测转染了D1prME-pc5重组质粒的293T细胞上清中没有特异蛋白条带,转染了经基因改造的重组质粒D1JsprME-pc5和D1JsprM80E20JE-pc5的细胞上清中均存在登革Ⅰ型病毒的特异蛋白条带.结论 转染了三种重组质粒的293T细胞均可表达登革Ⅰ型病毒prM/E蛋白,只有在prM基因前添加了信号肽的重组质粒转染后蛋白才获得分泌表达.     

登革2型病毒ZS01/01株病毒样颗粒免疫原性研究

目的 研究登革2型病毒（Dengue virus type 2,DENV-2）病毒样颗粒（virus-Like particles,VLPs）的免疫原性.方法 利用已构建的DENV-2 ZS01/01株病毒样颗粒的表达质粒转染293T细胞,对分泌型VLPs进行大量培养并通过蔗糖密度梯度离心法对其进行纯化.纯化的VLPs经Western Blot及透射电镜观察等方法鉴定后免疫BALB/c小鼠.利用ELISA及中和试验等方法对体液免疫反应进行检测,ELISPOT法测定细胞免疫水平.结果 登革2型病毒样颗粒表达质粒转染哺乳动物细胞所得上清经蔗糖密度梯度离心后,电镜下可观察到类似于天然登革病毒的大小在45～55nm之间的病毒样颗粒.体液及细胞免疫检测结果显示登革2型VLPs可以刺激小鼠产生较高水平的登革E蛋白特异性抗体及一定水平的中和抗体,免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞经体外刺激后IFN-γ水平显著升高.结论 登革2型病毒病毒样颗粒免疫BALB/c小鼠后可引起一定水平的细胞免疫及体液免疫反应,该研究结果为四价登革病毒样颗粒疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

用标记分析法检测我国登革3型病毒株抗原表位的变化

自从1978年以来,我国广东,广西和海南等地区连续发生了登革热大流行,成千上万的人被登革病毒感染,给人民的生命财产带来了极大的危害,为了阐明我国登革病毒流行来源和传播途径等问题,为登革热的预防控制提供依据,我们在对登革2型病毒株抗原分析的基础上,又对登革3(DEN-3)型病毒株的抗原性变化进行了分析。由于登革病毒培养滴度低,周期比较长,制备一定量的抗原进行抗原分析比较困难,用一般的血清学方法又不能说明病毒抗原表位的变化。因此我们采用了标记分析(Signature     

登革2型病毒ZSO1／01株E蛋白在真核细胞中的分泌表达研究

目的对登革2型病毒（DENV-2）ZSO1／01株E蛋白在哺乳动物细胞及昆虫细胞中的分泌表达进行研究。方法RT．PCR扩增DENV-2prM／E基因,通过融合PCR在prM基因前添加来自乙型脑炎病毒的信号肽序列,并将E基因羧基末端20％区域缺失或替换为乙型脑炎病毒SA14-2株E基因相应序列,将上述基因元件分别克隆人哺乳动物细胞表达载体pcDNA5／FRT及昆虫细胞表达载体pAcUW51-M中,将重组质粒转染293T细胞或Sf9细胞,利用间接免疫荧光（Immunofluoreseence assay,IFA）及Western Blot检测E蛋白的表达与分泌。结果各重组质粒分别转染293T细胞或Sit）细胞后,E蛋白在细胞内均有效表达,而仅有携带乙脑信号肽且缺失或替换E基因羧基末端20％区域的重组质粒转染293T细胞后,上清中可检测到明显的E蛋白分泌。结论信号肽及E基因羧基末端20％区域对登革病毒E蛋白的分泌至关重要,宿主细胞对其亦有一定影响。     

抗登革3型病毒单链抗体的可溶性表达和鉴定

目的为解决鼠源性单克隆抗体用於临床会引起变态反应等负作用问题，试图从基因水平上对登革３型病毒鼠源性单抗进行人源化改造以减少其鼠源性。方法选用对登革病毒４个血清型及部分黄病毒具有中和活性的抗登革３型病毒单克隆抗体３Ｄ３的轻重链可变区基因，通过反转录和聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩，扩增后的轻重链可变区ＰＣＲ产物通过连接引物连接成单链抗体基因，然后与噬菌体载体ｐＣＡＮＴＡＢ５Ｅ连接，转化大肠杆菌ＨＢ２１５１，使单链抗体以可溶性的形式表达在上清液中。结果通过免疫荧光和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明，可溶性表达的单链抗体能与登革３型病毒抗原发生特异性结合，在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ中在２８ｋＤ处有一条带和单链抗体的分子量大小一致。结论表达产物与原单抗３Ｄ３一样，具有与登革３型病毒抗原结合的特性。     

登革2型病毒ZS01/01株E蛋白在真核细胞中的分泌表达研究

目的 对登革2型病毒(DENV-2)ZS01/01株E蛋白在哺乳动物细胞及昆虫细胞中的分泌表达进行研究.方法 RT-PCR扩增DENV-2 prM/E基因,通过融合PCR在prM基因前添加来自乙型脑炎病毒的信号肽序列,并将E基因羧基末端20%区域缺失或替换为乙型脑炎病毒SA14-14-2株E基因相应序列,将上述基因元件分别克隆入哺乳动物细胞表达载体pcDNA5/FRT及昆虫细胞表达载体pAcUW51-M中,将重组质粒转染293T细胞或S19细胞,利用间接免疫荧光(Immunofluoreseence assay,IFA)及Western Blot检测E蛋白的表达与分泌.结果 各重组质粒分别转染293T细胞或Sf9细胞后,E蛋白在细胞内均有效表达,而仅有携带乙脑信号肽且缺失或替换E基因羧基末端20%区域的重组质粒转染293T细胞后,上清中可检测到明显的E蛋白分泌.结论 信号肽及E基因羧基末端20%区域对登革病毒E蛋白的分泌至关重要,宿主细胞对其亦有一定影响.     

固相酶联免疫测定法检测NS1抗原在登革病毒感染早期诊断中的应用

目的探讨固相酶联免疫测定（ELISA）法检测NS1抗原在登革病毒感染早期诊断中的应用价值。方法选取登革病毒感染早期患者血清171份,非登革病毒感染发热患者血清11份,正常人血清10份,采用ELISA法检测全部192份血清的登革病毒NS1抗原和IgM抗体;采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶酶切片段长度多态性分析（RT-PCR-RFLP）技术对发病5 d内的125份血清进行扩增和鉴定分型;并采用C6/36细胞微量培养法对发病第1、2天的41份血清进行登革病毒分离培养。结果登革病毒感染患者发病2 d内、3～5 d以及6～10 d血清NS1抗原的检出率分别是92.7%（38/41）、83.3%（70/84）、10.9%（5/46）;IgM抗体的检出率分别是2.4%（1/41）、51.2%（43/84）、97.8%（45/46）;非登革病毒感染的发热患者及正常人血清中,有1例疟疾患者血清登革病毒IgM抗体呈阳性,NS1抗原无一例阳性。RT-PCR在登革病毒感染患者发病第1、2天和3～5天的检出率分别是85.4%（35/41）、83.3%（70/84）;登革病毒感染患者发病第1、2天血清的病毒分离培养阳性率分别是80.0%（16/20）、38.1%（8/21）,总分离率58.5%（24/41）;RT-PCR-RFLP分型鉴定技术及间接免疫荧光法（IFA）均证实2006年广州流行株为登革Ⅰ型病毒。结论ELISA法检测登革病毒NS1抗原操作技术成熟,且具有敏感性高、特异性好的特点,对登革病毒感染的早期诊断和疫情的早期控制具有重要意义,适合于基层医疗机构常规应用。     

用单克隆抗体对我国登革2型04株病毒蛋白及其抗原表位的分析

从众多株抗登革2型单克隆抗体中挑选出登革2型病毒型特异、登革病毒亚群特异,黄病毒科特异3种代表类型的6株单抗,这6株单抗均无补结活性。放射免疫沉淀实验结果表明,这6株单抗均识别登革2型04株病毒的42K非结构性多肽。固相放射免疫竞争试验结果表明,3个型特异及1个亚群特异的抗原表位相互邻近,同在一个独立区内。这些抗原表位均不具有中和及血凝活性。而2个具有中和及血凝活性的黄病毒科特异性抗原表位,则位于另一个独立区内。上述2独立区拓扑距离较远。     

Detection of flavivirus antibodies in human serum by epitope-blocking immunoassay

Human flavivirus group-reactive, dengue complex-reactive, and encephalitis virus complex-reactive antibodies were detected using epitope-blocking immunoassays in which the binding of selected mouse monoclonal antibodies to flavivirus antigens was blocked by human serum. When late (greater than 6 months after illness) convalescent sera were tested, the epitope-blocking immunoassays were superior to the hemagglutination inhibition test and comparable to the plaque reduction neutralization for identifying subjects immune to dengue, to Japanese encephalitis, or both viruses.     

Sequences of Terminal Non-Coding Regions from Four Dengue-2 Viruses Isolated from Patients Exhibiting Different Disease Severities

We have determined the 5 and 3 non-coding regions (NCR) of four dengue-2 viruses isolated from dengue patients with different clinical severities in Nakhon Phanom, Northeastern Thailand in 1993. The results were compared to prototype dengue-2 strains and were found to have highest homology with the New Guinea C strain. The sequence of the 5 NCR was completely conserved among all 4 isolates and were identical to the sequence of the New Guinea C strain. Homology of the 3 NCR sequence of the four isolates with the prototype strain ranged from 97.3 to 97.8%. Isolate ThNH-p11/93 from a mild dengue fever case showed the highest divergence from the prototype strain and the rest of the isolates from severe hemorrhagic cases, (1.11%). This includes a change in triad 297–299 nucleotides from the 3 terminus. Computer predicted secondary structures showed that isolate ThNHp-11/93 had significant structural differences from the other three isolates at this region.     

Identification and typing of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by monoclonal antibodies, sensitivity to the drug (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, and restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA

With development of antiviral drugs, the need to identify a virus as to drug sensitivity becomes increasingly of importance. The compound (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) has been shown to be much more inhibitory to the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus as opposed to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). We have typed over 170 isolates, using an immunofluorescent technique and sensitivity to the drug BVDU. These results were then compared to the typing of isolates by analysis of viral DNA after restriction endonuclease digestion (EcoRI). Without exception the results were in agreement between the monoclonal antibody results and sensitivity to the drug BVDU. Furthermore, the typing with monoclonal antibodies was also in excellent agreement with the DNA analysis. Only those isolates inhibited with BVDU showed DNA characteristics of HSV-1 and reacted only with the S-200 antibody. On the other hand, those isolates which reacted with the monoclonal antibody S-141 were insensitive to BVDU, and again this was in agreement with the DNA analysis. These results could provide the basis for developing a diagnostic test using the two monoclonal antibodies to type either isolates or direct smears and to use the results as a basis for possible drug therapy.     

广州市2009年登革热疫情监测结果分析

目的分析广州市2009年登革热疫情的流行病学特征。方法对广州市疫情监测与报告信息系统、实验室监测信息系统,以及相关的现场调查报告,疫情简报等数据信息进行统计与分析。结果广州市2009年报告登革热病例18例,本地感染病例3例,累计发病率0.08/10万,无死亡病例,输入性病例或来广州就诊病例占全年报告病例的83.33%（15/18）,实验室监测表明,2009年广州市病毒流行株为登革Ⅲ型病毒。结论 2009年广州市登革热流行处于散发流行状态,流行的登革病毒型别与往年监测结果有所不同,较多的输入性病例或异地来广州就诊的登革热病例对广州市登革热流行存在潜在风险。     

广东登革3型病毒株的分离培养和鉴定

目的对2009年发生于广东地区的3例家庭聚集性登革热患者血清进行登革病毒的鉴定和病毒株的培养分离。方法用胶体金法检测患者血清中登革病毒特异性IgM、IgG抗体;C6／36细胞培养患者血清中登革病毒;RT—PCR扩增C．PrM基因序列的片段以检测患者血清中登革病毒RNA,PCR产物经序列测定后进行生物信息学分析。结果3例患者血清学检测均为登革病毒特异性IgM阳性、IgG阴性;特异性RT—PCR产物长约290bp,经琼脂糖电泳和测序分析,证实3例患者血清中均存在登革3型病毒;从1例患者血清中培养分离到了登革病毒株,经RT—PCR和测序证实为登革3型病毒。结论2009年发生于广东地区的3例登革热患者经病毒培养和分子生物学鉴定,证实均为登革3型病毒感染。     

卵巢癌患者接受抗CEA鼠单克隆抗体C_（50）放射免疫显像后血清中人抗鼠抗体的检测

我们用ＥＬＩＳＡ对２２例接受抗ＣＥＡ单抗Ｃ（５０）放射免疫显像的卵巢癌病人进行了血清人抗鼠抗体（ＨＡＭＡ）产生的动态检测。４５．５％（１０／２２）的患者产生ＨＡＭＡ，人抗鼠抗体在给药后２～３周即可出现，４～５周达高峰，并在体内持续至少９个月。所产生的ＨＡＭＡ在双向琼脂扩散中仅与抗人ＩｇＧ有沉淀线，且与标准ＩｇＧ的沉淀线相连，与抗人Ｉｇ轻链ｋ、λ单抗、葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白、羊抗人ＩｇＧ均起反应，证明该抗体属于ＩｇＧ。     

Persistence of Japanese encephalitis virus in the human nervous system

Immunological and virological evidence for persistence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in the human nervous system is described in 16/323 (5%) laboratory-confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis. In 9/16 patients, JEV specific IgM antibodies were detected in the CSF even at 50–180 days after the onset of symptoms. Similarly, in 7/16 patients, apart from IgM antibodies, viral antigen was also present in the CSF beyond the third week of illness and in one patient it could be detected even at 117 days. Infectious virus could be isolated from the CSF beyond the third week of illness in 3/16 patients. In one patient, JEV was isolated from the CSF on three consecutive occasions at 90, 110, and 117 days after onset of clinical symptoms. These findings suggest that JEV persists in the nervous system of a small proportion of patients. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis by ELISA Using Antipeptide Antibodies Against Type-Common Epitopes of Glycoprotein B of Herpes Simplex Viruses

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) represents one of the most severe infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). As effective antiviral drugs are available, an early, rapid, and reliable diagnosis has become important. The objective of this article was to develop a sensitive ELISA protocol for herpes simplex viruses (HSV) antigen detection and quantitation by assessing the usefulness of antipeptide antibodies against potential peptides of HSV glycoprotein B (gB). A total of 180 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of HSE and non-HSE patients were analyzed using a panel of antipeptide antibodies against synthetic peptides of HSV glycoprotein gB. The cases of confirmed and suspected HSE showed 80% and 51% positivity for antipeptide against synthetic peptide QLHDLRF and 77% and 53% positivity for antipeptide against synthetic peptide MKALYPLTT, respectively for the detection of HSV antigen in CSF. The concentration of HSV antigen was found to be higher in confirmed HSE as compared to suspected HSE group and the viral load correlated well with antigen concentration obtained using the two antipeptides in CSF of confirmed HSE group. This is the first article describing the use of antibodies obtained against synthetic peptides derived from HSV in diagnostics of HSE using patients’ CSF samples.