停循环技术应用于升主动脉-胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植治疗主动脉缩窄

目的总结经单一胸部正中切口采用低温停循环技术行解剖外升主动脉-胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉缩窄的经验。方法回顾性分析2009年12月至2018年5月我院连续12例主动脉缩窄患者的临床资料。其中男女各6例,年龄13～42岁,均有高血压症状,上下肢动脉收缩压差46～85(57.1±16.8)mm Hg。手术经胸部正中切口,采用体外循环及深低温停循环技术,行升主动脉-心包后胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植术。结果人工血管平均直径14～20(17.2±1.8)mm,体外循环时间69～197(115.9±40.6)min,主动脉阻断时间41～142(69.8±30.7)min,深低温停循环时间9～27(16.8±4.1)min。所有患者均未输血,无严重并发症。术后上下肢动脉收缩压差值为–12～22(14.3±4.8)mm Hg,较术前显著下降(P0.01)。所有患者均康复出院,平均随访3～91(41.9±21.5)个月,随访期间仅1例患者术后需要服用1种降压药物,其余患者均正常。结论深低温停循环下经胸部切口行解剖外人工血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉缩窄安全有效,未来需要更多病例进一步验证。     

正中切口解剖外旁路移植术一期治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形

目的总结正中切口解剖外旁路移植术一期治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形的外科治疗经验,以提高手术疗效。方法1997年7月至2008年7月,采用正中切口解剖外旁路移植术一期治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形31例,其中男20例,女11例;年龄31．9±11．7岁。合并的心脏畸形包括：主动脉瓣狭窄或关闭不全22例,二尖瓣狭窄或关闭不全9例,动脉导管未闭5例,升主动脉瘤4例,室间隔缺损3例,冠心病2例。解剖外旁路移植术包括升主动脉-腹主动脉旁路移植术22例,升主动脉-心包后降主动脉旁路移植术9例。同期手术包括主动脉瓣置换术16例,主动脉根部置换术6例,二尖瓣成形或置换术9例,升主动脉置换或成形术4例,动脉导管未闭缝合术5例,室间隔缺损修补术3例,冠状动脉旁路移植术2例。结果住院死亡1例（3．2％）,术后39d死于感染性中毒性休克。术后上、下肢收缩压压差较术前明显下降（13．7±10．2mmHg vs．64．2±25．3mmHg,P〈0．05）。随访27例,随访时间4～73个月,无晚期死亡、与人工血管相关的并发症和再次手术患者。结论正中切口解剖外旁路移植术是一期治疗成人及青少年主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形的一种安全有效的手术方法。升主动脉腹主动脉旁路移植术及升主动脉-心包后降主动脉旁路移植术均可获得满意疗效。     

成人主动脉缩窄的临床特点和外科矫正

目的探讨成人主动脉缩窄的临床特点和外科治疗方法。方法40例成人主动脉缩窄患者行手术矫治，其中心脏不停跳手术28例，常规体外循环下手术12例。行主动脉狭窄段切开、人工血管补片扩大术12例，人工血管置换术15例，锁骨下动脉降主动脉旁路移植术1例，采用人工血管行胸一腹主动脉旁路移植术9例，经心包后径路行升主动脉一降主动脉旁路移植术3例。结果全组无手术死亡，几种术式术后均无脑部和脊髓等神经系统并发症。术后36例得到随访，平均随访12个月。36例患者上、下肢血压差均小于10mmHg（1kPa－7．5mmHg）。超声心动图和超高速CT检查提示人工血管血流通畅，无假性动脉瘤形成。结论成人主动脉缩窄的外科术式有多种选择，掌握好手术适应证，根据患者的具体病理生理状况选择合适的手术方式可获得满意的治疗效果。     

升主动脉至胸降主动脉人工血管转流在主动脉缩窄外科治疗中的应用

目的：分析总结使用升主动脉至胸降主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人型主动脉缩窄10例临床病例资料,探讨升主动脉至胸降主动脉人工血管转流术在临床中治疗主动脉缩窄的意义。方法中国医学科学院、北京协和医院心脏外科2006年1月-2015年12月共收治成人主动脉缩窄患者10例,其中男性患者7例,女性患者3例,年龄14~35岁,中位年龄27岁,其中1例合并主动脉瓣二瓣畸形及主动脉根部瘤样扩张,余均为单纯主动脉缩窄。10例患者静息情况下测量上下肢压差均大于20 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),术前评估无明确手术禁忌。10例均在体外循环下行升主动脉至胸降主动脉人工血管转流术,合并主动脉瓣二瓣畸形及主动脉根部扩张的患者,同时行Bentall术。结果无围术期死亡及大出血、脊髓缺血性损害等严重并发症,嘱托患者出院后3~6个月门诊复查,复测上下肢压差均小于20 mmHg,CTA结果提示未见动脉瘤、人工血管血栓形成等表现。结论利用人工血管从升主动脉转流至降主动脉是治疗胸主动脉缩窄的有效方法。     

升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形的临床分析

目的探讨经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形的技术要点。方法 2010年4月至2015年1月2例成人主动脉缩窄和1例成人主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形患者行手术治疗,其中男2例,女1例;年龄35.6(27~46)岁。患者的疾病包括先天性主动脉弓缩窄、二尖瓣前叶脱垂伴中度关闭不全1例,先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形伴主动脉瓣重度关闭不全、升主动脉瘤及主动脉弓缩窄1例,先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形伴主动脉瓣轻度狭窄、房间隔缺损(继发孔)及主动脉弓中断(A型)1例。患者均在升主动脉及股动脉,上下腔静脉插管建立体外循环,经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术及合并心脏畸形矫治手术。结果本组无围术期死亡病例,术后患者症状明显好转,出院随访2~59个月,除1例患者仍有上肢高血压需服用药物控制外,其他患者血压恢复到正常水平,术后下肢乏力症状消失。主动脉CTA检查示人工血管通畅,无人工血管扭曲压缩及假性动脉瘤形成等并发症。结论经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断,同时行合并心脏畸形矫治的一期手术,患者手术安全及疗效确切,临床可选择性应用。     

颈部动脉血流重建治疗重症多发性大动脉炎导致脑缺血

目的 观察多发性大动脉炎导致的重度脑缺血外科治疗的效果,并评估经颅多普勒超声(TCD)在手术中的作用.方法 2003年3月至2008年2月,共治疗16例多发性大动脉炎患者,男性4例,女性12例;平均年龄32岁,平均病程7.5年.临床表现主要为头晕、头痛、眩晕和眼部视力障碍等.DSA和血管彩色多普勒超声显示多数患者的颈动脉和椎动脉有不同程度的病变.8例患者行升主动脉(主动脉弓)-双腋(肱)/锁骨下动脉人工血管旁路移植术;3例行升主动脉-双腋(肱)/锁骨下动脉人工血管旁路移植-单侧颈内动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术;3例行升主动脉-一侧锁骨下动脉和颈动脉人工血管旁路移植术;2例单纯行升主动脉-右颈内动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术,其中1例同时行升主动脉-一侧颈内动脉和冠状动脉旁路移植术.有4例在原来接受升主动脉-双腋动脉人工血管旁路移植的基础上,又行一侧人工血管-一侧颈内动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术.14例患者术中采用TCD监测双侧大脑中动脉血流,2例尝试分别经一侧锁骨下穿刺和一侧股动脉穿刺与颈动脉穿刺临时转流.结果 手术成功率为100%,无死亡病例.手术后出现伸舌歪斜3例,术后2周缓解.脑部缺血症状与体征均有不同程度的改善,总的有效率为100%.全部患者获得随访,平均随访时间2.2年.所有患者未出现症状复发.2例患者术后4年内出现吻合口处动脉瘤,1例为双侧.结论 颈部动脉血流重建是治疗多发性大动脉炎导致脑缺血的有效方法.术中TCD监测大脑中动脉的血流变化,并据此调整血压,对于预防脑缺血后的过度灌注有重要作用.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎合并动脉硬化闭塞导致下肢缺血的手术治疗

目的 探讨下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thmmboangiitis obliterans,TAO)合并动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)手术治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年治疗的TAO合并ASO 6例患者的资料.2例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-胭动脉人工血管-小腿动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术,1例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-右股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-膝下胭动脉人工血管旁路移植术;1例行左髂总动脉-左股深动脉人工血管旁路移植一胫前动脉自体大隐静脉原位移植术,1例行左侧人工血管切开取栓+左股深动脉成形-膝下腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术,1例行右股总动脉-左股总动脉人工血管旁路移植-胫后动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术.结果 5例患者术后恢复顺利,1例于术后当天出现股动脉-腘动脉人工血管和远段的大隐静脉桥血栓形成,立即再次手术行人工血管和大隐静脉切开取栓术,并同时行胫后动静脉吻合.6例患者均痊愈出院,无死亡病例.5例患者的下肢远端静息痛完全缓解,1例部分缓解.足部溃疡的2例创面明显缩小,无感染发生.所有患者得到随访,平均随访为6.5个月,3例足部溃疡愈合.1例术后3个月出现左股部切口感染,最终行膝上截肢处理,残端一期愈合.其他5例患者的移植血管通畅,症状缓解.结论 对TAO合并ASO患者如果手术治疗方式恰当,可以取得比较好的疗效.     

主动脉缩窄合并降主动脉瘤行升-腹主动脉搭桥术后动脉瘤自愈1例

病人　女,4 1岁。头晕、双下肢麻木15年,加重伴胸闷2月余。术前血压:右上肢16 0 5 0mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa) ,左上肢及双下肢均为90 70mmHg。磁共振血管造影示主动脉弓降部于左锁骨下动脉分支以近重度缩窄,狭窄以远左锁骨下动脉下方可见一动脉瘤形成,约2 0mm×30mm大小(图1)。因缩窄段累及主动脉弓远端,决定分期手术,先行升主动脉至腹主动脉搭桥术解除缩窄,二期手术切除动脉瘤。2 0 0 3年6月全麻下行升主动脉至腹主动脉搭桥术。胸腹正中联合切口,1 8cm×30cm人工血管经前纵隔及左结肠旁分别与腹主动脉及升主动脉行端侧吻合,开放后上下肢…     

升主动脉不接触技术在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的总结升主动脉不接触技术在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump CABG)中的应用经验,以减少术后脑卒中的发生。方法回顾分析31例合并升主动脉粥样硬化冠心病患者的临床资料,男25例,女6例;年龄58～78岁,平均年龄71.3岁。5例联合应用off-pump CABG和经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)杂交技术治疗,其余26例均采用常规胸骨正中切口径路行off-pump CABG。9例双侧乳内动脉原位移植;16例以左乳内动脉为惟一的供血来源,大隐静脉或桡动脉近端与左乳内动脉端侧吻合;1例大隐静脉近端吻合到无名动脉。所有患者主动脉根部均无吻合口。结果5例"杂交"手术患者共经PTCA植入支架6枚,26例胸骨正中开胸患者移植血管74支(2～4支/例),全组患者手术均顺利完成,痊愈出院,无院内死亡。术后心绞痛消失24例,明显缓解7例。发生心房颤动2例,行二次开胸手术1例,肺部感染2例,切口感染1例,无围术期心肌梗死和神经系统并发症发生。随访29例,随访3个月～3年,失访2例。随访期间无死亡,1例行"杂交"手术患者术后1年心绞痛再发,其余28例患者生活质量良好,无神经、精神系统并发症发生。结论对合并升主动脉粥样硬化的冠心病患者,采用off-pump CABG结合升主动脉不接触技术治疗,可有效地减少术后神经系统并发症的发生,临床效果满意。     

升主动脉-腹主动脉旁路移植术治疗、型大动脉炎

目的　为了有效治疗累及胸腹主动脉的 、 型大动脉炎 ,探讨升主动脉 -腹主动脉旁路移植术的手术疗效。　方法　自 1976年至 2 0 0 1年采用升主动脉 -腹主动脉旁路移植术治疗 、 型大动脉炎 4 7例 ,同期行人工血管与肾动脉旁路移植术 10例 ,冠状动脉旁路移植术和自体肾移植术各 2例 ,三尖瓣成形术和髂动脉旁路移植术各 1例。　结果　术后 1例死于凝血障碍出血 ,死亡率为 2 .13% ;术后因肠梗阻再手术 1例 ;存活患者血压和血运均明显改善 ,上肢血压较术前明显下降 ,平均为 118/ 77mm Hg (1k Pa=7.5 mm Hg) vs 177/ 83m m Hg;术后上、下肢血压差别无显著性意义。平均随访 8.2年 ,远期死亡 2例 (4.35 % ) ,再手术 1例 ,远期效果优良率为 81.82 %。　结论　升主动脉 -腹主动脉旁路移植术是治疗 、 型大动脉炎的简单、安全、远期疗效好的方法。     

Posterior pericardial approach for ascending aorta-to-descending aorta bypass through a median sternotomy

BACKGROUND: Bypass grafting for repeat operation or complex forms of descending aortic disease is an alternative approach to decrease potential complications of anatomic repair. METHODS: Between December 1985 and February 1998, 17 patients (13 men, 4 women; mean age, 47.6 +/- 18.5 years) underwent ascending aorta-to-descending aorta bypass through a median sternotomy and posterior pericardial approach. Indications for operation were coarctation or recoarctation of aorta in 8 patients, Takayasu's aortitis in 2, prosthetic aortic valve stenosis associated with coarctation of aorta, complex descending aortic arch aneurysm, reoperation for chronic descending aortic dissection, long-segment stenosis of descending aorta, acquired coarctation after repair of traumatic transection of descending aorta, severe aortic atherosclerosis, and false aneurysm of descending aorta after repair of coarctation in 1 patient each. Concomitant procedures were performed in 12 patients. RESULTS: No early or late mortality has occurred. Follow-up was 100% complete and extended to 12 years (mean, 2.7 +/- 3.3 years). No late graft-related complications have occurred; 1 patient had successful repair of perivalvular leak after mitral valve replacement, and 1 patient had replacement of lower descending and abdominal aorta. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of the descending aorta through the posterior pericardium for ascending aorta-descending aorta bypass is a safe alternative and particularly useful when simultaneous intracardiac repair is necessary.     

Extraanatomic aortic bypass for repair of aortic coarctation

We describe two adult patients who underwent extraanatomic ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass grafting for repair of aortic coarctation through a median sternotomy and posterior pericardial approach. Of the two patients, one presented with coarctation and concurrent cardiovascular disorders, and the other, with residual coarctation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established with double arterial cannulation in the aorta or axillary artery and the femoral artery ensure adequate perfusion proximal and distal to coarctation and bicaval cannulation. The heart was retracted cephalic and superiorly, and the descending thoracic aorta was exposed through the posterior pericardium. After achieving distal anastomosis, the graft was directed anterior to the inferior vena cava and lateral to the right atrium, and anastomosed to the right lateral aspect of the ascending aorta. A 14-mm graft was used. In one patient receiving concomitant procedures, mitral valve repair and replacement of the ascending aorta was performed after the distal anastomosis.     

Aortic root aneurysm in an adult patient with aortic coarctation: a single-stage approach

Coarctation of the aorta is a common congenital defect that may be undiagnosed until adulthood. Moreover, coarctation is associated with congenital and acquired cardiac pathology that may require surgical intervention. The management of an adult patient with aortic coarctation and an associated cardiac defect poses a great technical challenge since there are no standard guidelines for the therapy of such a complex pathology. Several extra-anatomic bypass grafting techniques have been described, including methods in which distal anastomosis is performed on the descending thoracic aorta, allowing simultaneous intracardiac repair. We report here a 37-year old man who was diagnosed with an aortic root aneurysm and aortic coarctation. The patient was treated electively with a single-stage approach through a median sternotomy that consisted of valve-sparing replacement of the aortic root and ascending-to-descending extra-anatomic aortic bypass, using a 18-mm Dacron graft. Firstly, the aortic root was replaced with the Yacoub remodelling procedure, and then the distal anastomosis was performed to the descending aorta, behind the heart, with the posterior pericardial approach. The extra-anatomic bypass graft was brought laterally from the right atrium and implanted in the ascending graft. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and a control computed tomographic angiogram 1 month after complete repair showed good results.     

Transpericardial extra-anatomic intrathoracic aortic bypass conduits in the management of coarctation of the aorta

Two varied cases of coarctation of the aorta are described, in which transpericardial ascending to descending thoracic aortic conduits were routed around the right atrium, utilizing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The approach was through a median sternotomy in two patients. The first case is a 52-year-old female who underwent combined aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and repair of aortic coarctation distal to the left subclavian artery. The second case was a fifth time reoperation in a 12-year-old girl with recurrent coarctating. Both patients remain well and asymptomatic.     

Right aortic arch with mirror-image branching and coarctation of the aorta--a case report]

The right aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta was reported. A 56-year-old woman admitted to the hospital because of headache and hypertension. Cardiac catheterization revealed the right aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta and 80 mmHg pressure gradient across the coarctation. The bypass operation with a 14 mm Dacron graft between the ascending to descending aorta was performed. There was no peak systolic pressure gradient between the ascending and descending aorta after bypass operation. This patient is the fourth case report with both mirror-image type right aortic arch and coarctation of the aorta.     

Bypass grafts for recurrent or complex coarctations of the aorta.

Twenty-three patients aged 5 to 53 years with recurrent or complex coarctations of the aorta were successfully operated upon using bypass grafts. This technique of repair was selected for 5 patients with recurrent coarctation, 11 with long-segment coarctation with or without hypoplasia of the transverse aortic arch, and 7 with inadequate collateral circulation. Nineteen patients had bypass grafts from the left subclavian artery to the distal descending thoracic aorta. The other 4 had a combined approach through a left thoractomy and median sternotomy with grafts between the ascending and descending thoracic aorta. All patients survived the operative procedure. One patient were reexplored for a hemothorax and 5 developed transient postoperative hypertension. There were no instances of abdominal vasculitis or lower extremity paralysis. These patients have been followed from 3 months to 11 years postoperatively, and all but 1 are alive and well. Twenty-two are normotensive, and none have the sequelae of hypertensive disease. Gradients up to only 15 mm Hg exist between upper and lower extremity blood pressures. Five patients have undergone postoperative catheterization and aortography, and all have patent grafts. This procedure is a useful and adjunct in difficult coarctations of the aorta and can be safely performed with excellent reproducible long-term results.     

Surgical treatment of interrupted aortic arch with extraanatomical bypass simultaneous to coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement

An interrupted aortic arch accompanied by further surgically reparable cardiac lesions is a rare combination in adult patients. We describe treatment of an interrupted aortic arch, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and aortic valve replacement (AVR) performed simultaneously through median sternotomy in a 64-year-old man. The patient underwent surgery performed using standard cardiopulmonary bypass with cannulation of the ascending aorta and the right atrium, hypothermia (24.6degreesC), and blood cardioplegic arrest. Four aortocoronary vein grafts and pericardial aortic valve replacement were carried out. Finally, the posterior pericardium was opened, and a 16-mm prosthesis was anastomosed to the descending aorta during side clamping using a 4-0 monofilament continuous suture. Optimal placement of the prosthesis was obtained by guiding it to the ascending aorta laterally to the right atrium and passing it between the inferior vena cava and right inferior lung vein. The operation was carried out without complications, and the postoperative course was uneventful. Magnetic resonance imaging showed competent aortic valve prosthesis and highly decreased collateral flow via the internal mammary arteries. Postoperatively both inguinal pulses were present, and the patient was free of angina. In the presence of an interrupted aortic arch, extraanatomical bypass via the posterior pericardium between the ascending and descending aorta can safely be performed at the same time as CABG and AVR through a median sternotomy.     

Surgical Management of Coarctation of the Aorta in Adults with Concurrent Cardiac and Aortic Disease

Abstract We evaluated our experience with the surgical management of aortic coarctation (ACo) in adults with concurrent cardiac and aortic disease approached via median sternotomy. Eight patients were presented using a variety of repair techniques including end‐to‐end anastomosis, transpericardial ascending aorta to descending aorta bypass, and stage 1 elephant trunk insertion. All patients were male and symptomatic at presentation. The average age was 41 years (range, 27–67 years). The systolic blood pressure decreased by a mean of 49 mmHg in the patients presenting with hypertension. The postoperative New York Heart Association functional class was I or II in all patients. Mean length of stay was 7.7 days. There were no perioperative complications, and overall survival was 100%. Operative repair of complex ACo can be safely accomplished through the mediastinum in patients in whom a conventional left thoracotomy may not be the preferred approach.     

Mitral valve replacement with the beating heart technique in a patient with previous bypass graft from ascending to descending aorta due to aortic coarctation

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Conventional mitral valve replacement (MVR) is carried out under cardioplegic arrest with cross-clamping of the ascending aorta during cardiopulmonary bypass. In this case, MVR was performed with on-pump beating heart technique without cross-clamping the aorta because of the diffuse adhesion around the ascending aorta, and tube graft presence between ascending and descending aortas. METHODS: A 47-year-old female patient had aorto-aortic bypass graft from ascending aorta to descending aorta with median sternotomy and left thoracotomy in single stage because of aortic coarctation 2 years ago in our cardiac center. She was admitted to the hospital with palpitation and dyspnea on mild exertion. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed 4th degree mitral insufficiency. RESULTS: MVR was carried out through remedian sternotomy with on-pump beating heart technique without cross-clamping the aorta. CONCLUSIONS: MVR with on-pump beating heart technique offers a safe approach when excessive dissection is required to place cross-clamp on the ascending aorta.