早期降压治疗对不同TOAST分型的急性缺血性脑卒中患者1年结局的影响

目的讨论早期降压治疗对不同类肝素药物治疗急性脑卒中试验(TOAST)分型的急性缺血性脑卒中患者1年结局的影响。方法收集2009年8月至2013年5月在解放军第九六〇医院泰安院区和肥城市人民医院住院治疗的发病48 h内伴有高血压的急性缺血性脑卒中非溶栓患者597例。依据TOAST分型分为:大动脉粥样硬化型卒中(LAA)261例,心源性栓塞型卒中(CE)91例,小动脉闭塞型卒中(SAO)225例,其他类型20例。将各分型患者分别分为2组:LAA降压组(n=126)和LAA非降压组(n=135);CE降压组(n=46)和CE非降压组(n=45);SAO降压组(n=115)和SAO非降压组(n=110);其他类型降压组(n=7)和其他类型非降压组(n=13)。降压组24 h内降压10%～20%。观察患者出院后1年的死亡率、死亡/致残率及卒中复发率。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。2组间比较采用t检验或χ~2检验。结果随访1年结果显示,在LAA、SAO和其他类型卒中分型中,降压组和非降压组患者1年后的死亡率、死亡/致残率及卒中复发率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);在CE分型中,降压组患者1年后的死亡/致残率显著低于非降压组(45.6%和66.7%,P0.05),但1年死亡率及卒中复发率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性期降压治疗对LAA、SAO型缺血性脑卒中患者1年结局无显著影响,但可显著降低CE型缺血性脑卒中患者的1年死亡/致残率。     

基于TOAST分型的急性缺血性卒中临床疗效分析

目的研究急性缺血性卒中TOAST分型与临床短期预后的关系。方法收集2010年5月—2011年4月在三峡中心医院神经内科病房住院治疗的700例急性缺血性卒中患者。缺血性卒中依据TOAST标准分型,即大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA)、心源性栓塞型(CE)、小动脉闭塞型(SAO),其他明确病因型(SOE)和不明原因型(SUE)5型。应用NIHSS评分了解不同亚型患者入院时和出院时的功能状态,以出院时神经功能好转率评价其临床短期预后,分析各亚型与临床短期预后的相关性。结果缺血性脑卒中男性患者发病年龄较女性患者早(P<0.01)。脑卒中亚型:LAA 194例(27.7%),SAO 220例(31.4%),CE 70例(10.0%),SOE8例(1.1%),SUE 208例(29.7%)。其中SAO亚型所占比例最高。各亚型与临床短期预后的关系:CE型患者入院时病情危重,神经功能缺损最严重,NIHSS评分最高(20.11±1.42)分,出院时神经功能好转率显著降低(P<0.01)。SAO亚型入院时病情最轻,NIHSS评分最低(4.10±0.36)分,出院时神经功能好转率显著增高(P<0.01)。结论 SAO亚型入院时病情最轻,临床疗效及临床短期预后最好;CE亚型入院时病情最重,临床疗效及临床短期预后最差。     

急性缺血性脑卒中TOAST分型后早期降压治疗对3个月结局的影响

目的探讨TOAST分型与急性缺血性脑卒中急性期降压治疗预后的关系。方法收集2009年8月~2013年5月在解放军第九六○医院(泰安院区)、肥城市人民医院、东平县人民医院住院的缺血性脑卒中合并高血压、非溶栓患者416例,大动脉粥样硬化型(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)组168例,降压治疗82例,无降压治疗86例;心源性栓塞型(cardioembolism,CE)组84例,降压治疗43例,无降压治疗41例;小动脉闭塞型(small artery occlusion,SAO)组144例,降压治疗74例,无降压治疗70例;其他病因明确型(10例)和病因不明型组(10例)样本数太少,未做统计学分析。观察患者出院后3个月全因病死率、死亡/致残率。结果LAA组、CE组和SAO组降压治疗患者治疗2周或出院时血压下降幅度明显高于无降压治疗患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。随访3个月,LAA组降压治疗患者病死率明显高于无降压治疗患者(13.4%vs 3.5%,P=0.041),CE组降压治疗患者病死率明显低于无降压治疗患者(14.0%vs 34.1%,P=0.030),SAO组降压治疗与无降压治疗患者病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(1.4%vs 2.9%,P=0.961)。LAA组、CE组和SAO组死亡/残疾率比较,差异无统计学意义(46.3%vs 39.5%,51.2%vs 70.7%,20.3%vs 20.0%,P>0.05)。结论LAA缺血性脑卒中急性期降压有增加3个月病死率风险;CE缺血性脑卒中急性期应避免血压维持在较高水平,降压治疗是获益的;SAO缺血性脑卒中急性期降压治疗未改变其3个月死亡结局。     

不同卒中亚型脑梗死病人早期血浆D-二聚体水平与急性期神经功能改善及预后的相关性

目的探讨不同卒中亚型脑梗死病人早期血浆D-二聚体水平及其与急性期神经功能改善及预后的相关性。方法以2014年1月—2016年6月我院神经内科收治的167例脑梗死病人为研究对象。按照TOAST标准对病人进行分型,比较不同亚型病人间血浆D-二聚体水平;对比入院时与入院10 d后不同亚型间神经功能缺损改善情况及不同亚型病人间的死亡率。结果各亚型脑梗死病人间D-二聚体水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多重比较结果显示,心源性脑栓死(CE)组血浆D-二聚体水平最高,其次为大动脉粥样硬化性脑卒中(LAA)组,不明原因的缺血性脑卒中(SUE)组次之,小动脉闭塞性脑卒中(SAO)组最低,但与SUE组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其他原因所致的缺血性卒中(SOE)组1例(未列入统计分析内);各亚型病人入院时神经功能缺损情况存在有统计学意义(P0.05),以CE组缺损最为严重,SAO组程度最轻;入院10 d后各组神经功能缺损均有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CE组最低,SAO组改善程度最高。急性期以CE组(34.1%)的死亡率最高,其次为LAA组(6.3%),SAO组在急性期未观察到死亡病例,CE组死亡率显著高于其他各组(P0.05),其余各组间差异无统计学意义。结论不同卒中亚型的脑梗死病人早期血浆D-二聚体水平存在统计学意义,血浆D-二聚体水平可作为此类病人预后评估的参考依据。     

血管内再通结合缺血后处理治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞的对照研究

目的对比分析急性大脑中动脉闭塞行血管内再通与血管内再通结合缺血后处理2种治疗方法的安全性和效果。方法选择急性大脑中动脉闭塞患者60例,根据患者家属治疗意愿分为单纯血管内再通治疗组(单纯治疗组)和血管内再通结合缺血后处理组(联合治疗组),每组30例。对比2组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、发病24h脑梗死体积和90d良好预后率、脑卒中复发率及病死率。结果 2组发病24h脑梗死体积明显高于术前,且联合治疗组发病24h脑梗死体积[(3.6±1.3)ml vs (4.8±1.8)ml]、术后1、7、14dNIHSS评分[(6.8±3.8)分vs (8.2±3.5)分;(2.6±1.6)分vs (4.0±1.8)分;(2.0±1.2)分vs (3.5±2.1)分]、90d病死率(3.4%vs 10.0%)显著低于单纯治疗组,术后90d良好预后率(40.0%vs 26.7%)明显高于单纯治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后90d脑卒中复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血管内再通结合缺血后处理治疗急性大脑中动脉闭塞是一种安全有效的措施,术后的神经功能缺损评分和脑梗死体积明显改善,其可降低术后再灌注脑出血发生率。     

老年颅内大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性脑卒中患者血栓抽吸治疗近期预后

目的 分析老年颅内大血管闭塞(LVO)所致急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血栓抽吸治疗近期预后。方法 选取284例发病24 h内老年颅内LVO所致AIS患者,按照治疗方式不同分为血栓抽吸组(n=148)与支架取栓组(n=136),记录手术指标、并发症情况、术后24 h与7 d美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及死亡率,依据血栓抽吸治疗患者近期预后分为预后良好组与预后不良组,建立Logistic回归模型分析预后影响因素。结果 血栓抽吸组与支架取栓组发病至再通时间、首次取栓成功再通率无显著差异(P>0.05);血栓抽吸组穿刺至再通时间明显短于支架取栓组(P<0.05),成功再通率、完全再通率明显高于支架取栓组(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率无显著差异(P>0.05);两组术后24 h与7 d NIHSS评分、术后90 d mRS评分及死亡率比较无显著差异(P>0.05);预后良好组与预后不良组发病至再通时间、术前及术后24 h NIHSS评分、脑白质疏松程度、侧支循环分级、糖尿病及成功再通差异有统计学...     

不同TOAST分型老年急性脑梗死患者血脂谱的变化

目的分析不同急性脑卒中Org10172治疗试验(TOAST)分型的老年急性脑梗死住院患者血脂谱的变化。方法急性脑梗死患者190例按国际标准化TOAST病因分型进行分组,检测各组血脂谱。结果小动脉闭塞型脑卒中(SAA)患者共92例(48.5%),占比最高;基于此分型,血清总胆固醇(TC)组间差异有统计学意义(F=2.601,P0.05),血清TC在大动脉粥样硬化性脑卒中型(LAA)与其他四种亚型之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),血低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)组间差异均有统计学意义(F=5.884,P0.001),LAA与心源性脑梗死(CE)、其他原因性脑卒中型(SOE)、SAA之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05),血三酰甘油(TG)组间差异无统计学意义(F=1.226,P0.05)。结论老年急性脑梗死以SAA、LAA占比较高,TC、LDL-C对LAA影响较大。     

内皮细胞特异性分子1与脑动脉粥样硬化程度及大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死预后的关系

目的探讨内皮细胞特异性分子(Endocan)与脑动脉粥样硬化(AS)广泛程度及大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA)脑梗死患者预后的关系。方法选择脑梗死患者155例,按照TOAST分型分为LAA组105例,小动脉闭塞型(SAO)组50例,同期另选无症状脑动脉狭窄患者33例为无症状狭窄组,健康对照者60例为对照组。将LAA组按AS病变分为单支、双支、多支病变。用ELISA血浆Endocan水平。LAA组随访3个月,行改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,用ROC曲线评估Endocan对LAA脑梗死患者预后的预测价值。结果 LAA组血浆Endocan水平(1.29±0.40)μg/L,SAO组(1.01±0.32)μg/L,无症状狭窄组(1.26±0.38)μg/L,对照组(1.00±0.31)μg/L,LAA组高于SAO组和对照组(P<0.01),无症状狭窄组高于SAO组和对照组(P<0.01)。LAA组多支、双支、单支病变血浆Endocan水平有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。LAA组患者血浆Endocan水平与mRS评分及AS广泛程度呈正相关(P=0.000),Endocan判断预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.652。结论血浆Endocan水平与AS广泛程度相关,有潜力成为评价AS广泛程度和判断LAA脑梗死患者预后的血浆标记物。     

老年人群不明原因栓塞性卒中与大动脉粥样硬化性卒中的临床特征比较

目的探讨不明原因栓塞性卒中(embolic stroke of undetermined source,ESUS)的临床特征及其与大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(LAA)的区别。方法前瞻性、连续性于2017年1～12月北京市海淀医院神经内科住院的急性缺血性脑卒中患者108例,根据TOAST分型共筛选73例患者,ESUS组26例,LAA组47例。收集2组基线特征,包括美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分,比较不同病因急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床特点和梗死部位。结果 ESUS组NIHSS评分明显高于LAA组[3(2,5)分vs 1(1,4)分,P=0.000],mRS评分≤2分比例明显低于LAA组(73.1%vs 100.0%,P=0.000)。ESUS组梗死部位前后循环均累及6例,LAA组2例(23.1%vs 4.3%);ESUS组梗死部位双侧累及8例,LAA组4例(30.8%vs 8.5%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。NIHSS评分是影响老年ESUS及LAA患者30 d致残的独立危险因素(OR=2.333,95%CI:1.006～5.410,P=0.048;OR=1.390,95%CI:1.094～1.768,P=0.007)。结论 ESUS在病变分布双侧受累及前后循环均受累较为多见,其临床严重程度较LAA更重。     

再灌注治疗对低NIHSS评分的前循环大血管闭塞急性缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效分析

目的 分析再灌注治疗对低美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分的前循环大血管闭塞（LVO）急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法 选择2016年1月至2022年1月宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院卒中中心接诊的NIHSS评分<6分的前循环LVO急性缺血性脑卒中患者130例。起病24 h内行再灌注治疗的82例为观察组（其中立即再灌注亚组61例,延迟再灌注亚组21例）,48例未行再灌注治疗的为对照组。比较两组患者一般资料、NIHSS评分变化、出血转化、症状性颅内出血、非症状性颅内出血发生率及90 d预后结果,比较即刻和延迟再灌注治疗对预后的影响。采用多因素logistic回归分析低NIHSS评分的前循环LVO急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的影响因素。结果 观察组患者症状出现到入院时间低于对照组,90 d时预后良好率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。两组患者NIHSS评分变化比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,出血转化、症状性颅内出血、非症状性颅内出血发生率及90 d病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。立即再灌注亚组再灌注前NIHSS评分低于延迟再灌注...     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.