肌钙蛋白T检测对不稳定性心绞痛患者的预后判断

目的本研究旨在评价血清肌钙蛋白Ｔ（ｃＴｎＴ）定量测定对不稳定性心绞痛患者的预后判断价值。方法对６０例不稳定性心绞痛患者（ＵＡＰ）、１８例稳定心绞痛患者及２０例健康人分别进行血清ｃＴｎＴ、肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）和其同工酶（ＣＫ－ＭＢ）的测定，并观察住院期间的心性事件发生率。结果６０例ＵＡＰ患者中３２例（５３％）ｃＴｎＴ≥０．３μｇ／Ｌ，明显高于余２８例（分别为０．７５±０．２４μｇ／Ｌ和０．１２±０．０４μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１），但ＣＫ、ＣＫ－ＭＢ差异并无显著性。不稳定心绞痛患者中ｃＴｎＴ升高组３０天内其发生急性心肌梗塞、心脏性猝死、顽固性心绞痛的发生率明显高于ｃＴｎＴ正常值（４３．８％比７．１％，Ｐ＜０．０１）；对上述心脏事件，定量ｃＴｎＴ检测的敏感性为８７．５％，阴性预期值达９２．９％，准确性为６６．７％。结论ｃＴｎＴ是反映心肌细胞损伤的灵敏性、特异性均较好的生化指标；ｃＴｎＴ升高对判断不稳定心绞痛患者预后有较好的预测价值。     

Previous coronary artery bypass grafting as an adverse prognostic factor in unstable angina pectoris

Among 252 patients hospitalized for unstable angina in 1982 and 1983, 54 (21%) had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) a mean of 55 months earlier (range 1 to 168) (CABG patients). This group was compared with a group of 54 randomly selected patients with unstable angina without previous CABG (control patients). The 2 groups did not differ with respect to clinical characteristics at admission or hospital course. Coronary arteriograms, recorded in all but 4 CABG patients, revealed multivessel stenoses of at least 70% luminal diameter in 40 CABG and 32 control patients (p < 0.05), but when patent grafts were considered, the groups were comparable. Overall, 48 of 112 grafts were totally occluded and 14 had stenoses at least 70% in diameter. Complete or almost complete revascularization was feasible in 39 of 52 control and only 9 of 42 CABG patients (p < 0.001). By 1 year, 46 control patients and 20 CABG patients had undergone CABG or coronary angioplasty (p < 0.001); 42 of 53 control patients and only 22 of 50 CABG patients were in functional class 0 or I (p < 0.001). Cumulative adverse events (5 deaths, 10 myocardial infarctions and 15 cases of recurrent unstable angina) were more frequent in the CABG group, 20 vs 10 (p < 0.05). Thus, although their clinical features and hospital course are similar, patients with unstable angina who have undergone previous CABG do not do as well as other patients with unstable angina because they are less amenable to revascularization.     

Th1/Th2细胞失衡在不稳定型心绞痛发病机制中的作用

目的:通过与超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)检测对比,探讨Th1相关的白细胞介素(IL)-12、IL-18和Th2相关的IL-10与不稳定型心绞痛的关系。方法:临床及冠状动脉造影确诊的50例不稳定型心绞痛患者作为病例组(男40例,女10例),30例非冠心病者作为对照组(男23例,女7例)。采用ELISA法检测血清中IL-10,IL-12及IL-18水平,乳胶增强免疫比浊法检测血清hsCRP水平。结果:病例组中,IL-12,IL-18水平增高,IL-10水平降低,均差异有统计学意义。对照组中上述指标没有显著改变。病例组中,hsCRP水平与IL-12,IL-18水平呈正相关,而与IL-10水平呈负相关。IL-12与IL-18水平呈正相关而两者均与IL-10水平呈负相关。结论:在不稳定型心绞痛患者的炎性反应中,Th2细胞活性降低,Th1细胞活性升高,导致了Th1/Th2的失衡。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者T淋巴细胞激活的研究

目的：研究Ｔ淋巴细胞是否参与了不稳定型心绞痛（ＵＡ）相关的炎症反应。方法：空腹采肘静脉血,采用流式细胞分析仪分析１９ 例ＵＡ、２１ 例稳定型心绞痛（ＳＡ）患者和１６ 例健康者循环Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群和Ｔ细胞激活标志物ＣＤ２５和ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的表达,双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定血清可溶性白细胞介素－２ 受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）。结果：ＵＡ患者ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ阳性的淋巴细胞数量和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于ＳＡ患者和健康者。结论：ＵＡ患者循环Ｔ淋巴细胞被激活,免疫炎症反应参与了ＵＡ的发生。     

Functional and homeostatic defects of regulatory T cells in patients with coronary artery disease

The management of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) remains a challenge given the systemic features beyond active myositis. That is, recognizing the inflammatory arthropathy, varying dermatomyositis rashes, and overt and occult features of interstitial lung disease in addition to myositis adds to the complexity of diagnosis and treatment of IIM. However, clinicians now have available many more immunosuppressive drugs as well as biologic agents for use in patients with myositis and other autoimmune diseases. Here, the use of these agents is reviewed and support based on available published literature is provided even though many studies have been small and results somewhat anecdotal. Glucocorticoids remain the initial treatment of choice in most instances and methotrexate and azathioprine are often used early in the treatment course. These agents are followed by other immunosuppressive drugs, for example mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide, some of which are used alone while combinations of these agents also provide an effective option. There is more rationale for the use of biologic agents such as rituximab from a mechanistic perspective and, given the incorporation of validated core set measures in assessing myositis patients, we can look forward to better designed clinical trials in the future.     

抗血管壁慢性炎症--动脉粥样硬化防治的新思路

通过综述近几年来临床对动脉粥样硬化（AS）防治的新思路及抗炎症治疗，并探讨其作用机制，为临床治疗AS提供广阔的前景。     

血清胱抑素C水平对稳定性心绞痛的诊断价值

目的探讨胱抑素C(CysC)在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)病程中的变化,评价CysC对稳定性心绞痛(ASP)的诊断价值。方法入选因疑似冠心病患者1040例,依照冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组630例和非冠心病组410例。再以临床特点将冠心病组分为SAP组221例、ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEAMI)组95例、非ST段抬高ACS组(NSTE-ACS)314例,分别检测入院时和7d后CysC水平。多因素采用logistic回归分析,ROC评价CysC诊断SAP的敏感性和特异性。结果入院时,与非冠心病组比较,SAP组CysC明显升高[(1.31±0.27)mg/L vs(0.91±0.36)mg/L,P<0.05],入院7d后,与非冠心病组比较,SAP组、STEAMI组和NSTE-ACS组CysC明显升高(P<0.05)。CysC诊断SAP的ROC曲线下面积为0.806,其敏感性和特异性分别为80.1%和72.0%。结论CysC对预测SAP有较高的诊断价值;ACS患者CysC水平在急性期显著降低。     

Time to treatment is an independent prognostic factor in aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphomas

In aggressive lymphomas, discrepancies in survival reported from experimental and observational studies may reflect selective non‐enrolment of high‐risk patients in trials. We examined the association between time from diagnosis to chemotherapy and overall survival in diffuse large B‐cell (DLBCL), Burkitt (BL), mantle cell (MCL) and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), using National Cancer Data Base records of 130 549 patients treated in 2004–2014. Across the histologies, patients who started chemotherapy within 7 days of diagnosis had more often high International Prognostic Index (IPI) or advanced‐stage disease. The discrepancy in 3‐year survival between groups treated within 7 or >30 days from diagnosis ranged from 14% in BL to 30% in MCL. After adjusting for the IPI, time to treatment was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Using the group treated >30 days from diagnosis as reference, patients treated within 7 days had a hazard ratio of 1·38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1·28–1·48] in DLBCL, 1·42 (95% CI, 1·22–1·66) in BL, 2·23 (95% CI, 1·79–2·78) in MCL and 1·46 (95% CI, 1·18–1·81) in PTCL. Time from diagnosis to treatment may reflect high‐risk features uncaptured by standard prognostic assessments. Clinical trials should accommodate patients who need urgent therapy to improve external validity and detect treatment effects in high‐risk groups.     

cTnT在判断急性心肌梗死及不稳定型心绞痛预后中的价值

目的 :探讨心肌肌钙蛋白 T（c Tn T）对急性心肌梗死 （AMI）诊断及评估不稳定型心绞痛 （U AP）预后的临床价值。方法 :对 76例胸痛患者进行入院即刻血浆 c Tn T半定量、同步心肌酶学定量测定 ,观察对比 c Tn T与心肌酶学在诊断 AMI及评估 U AP患者预后中的特异性和敏感性。结果 :76例胸痛患者中 AMI 34例、U AP 2 7例、稳定劳力性心绞痛 8例、其它胸痛疾患 7例。AMI34例 c Tn T全部阳性 ,而 U AP2 3例和其余病例 c Tn T均为阴性。AMI患者同步 CK,AST升高者 2 8例 ,L DH升高者 30例。c Tn T与心肌酶学差异未达显著水平 （P>0 .0 5 ） ,但发病 2～ 5 h者 10例 ,心肌酶各项均正常 ,与 c Tn T对比有高度显著性差异 （P<0 .0 1） ;发病 5～ 11d者 6例 ,仅 2例 L DH还表现出升高外 ,其余心肌酶均正常 ,与 c Tn T对比有显著性差异 （P<0 .0 5 ） ;发病 5～ 12 0 h者相差均不显著 （P>0 .0 5 ）。在 2 7例 U AP患者中 ,c Tn T阳性组 AMI和难治性心绞痛发生率显著高于 c Tn T阴性组 （P<0 .0 1） ;c Tn T阴性组药物疗效好 ,近期心脏事件发生率低 ,与 c Tn T阳性组对比亦有高度显著性差异 （P<0 .0 1）。结论 :c Tn T是反映心肌细胞损伤灵敏性、特异性均较好的生化指标 ;c Tn T对诊断早期和晚期 AMI的价值高于心肌酶学 ;c Tn T阳性     

脑梗死患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化与T细胞亚群的相关性

目的探讨脑梗死患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化与外周血T细胞亚群的相关性。方法将脑梗死组180例脑梗死患者按类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(TOAST)亚型分类标准分为大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死组(LAA组)、心源性栓塞组(CE组)、小动脉闭塞性脑梗死组(SAA组)、其他原因所致脑梗死(SOE组)组、不明原因脑梗死(SUE组);按头颈CT血管造影(CTA)颅内外动脉狭窄结果分为无狭窄组、单纯颅外动脉狭窄组、单纯颅内动脉狭窄组、颅内外动脉狭窄组,各狭窄组进一步按狭窄程度分为轻、中及重度狭窄组。同时选取健康体检者60例作为对照组。分别比较各组间血T细胞亚群水平。结果脑梗死组CD4+T细胞水平明显高于对照组,CD8+T细胞水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);LAA组和SAA组CD4+T细胞水平显著高于其他类型脑梗死组及对照组,而CD8+T细胞水平呈相反表现(P0.05);颅内外动脉狭窄严重程度与CD4+T细胞呈正相关,与CD8+T细胞呈负相关。无狭窄组CD4+T细胞水平低于各狭窄组,CD8+T细胞水平高于各狭窄组(P0.05),而各狭窄组间T细胞亚群差异无统计学意义。结论 CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞与脑梗死患者动脉粥样硬化密切相关,检测血T细胞亚群对颅内外动脉粥样硬化及其严重程度具有一定的预测价值。     

Low T3 syndrome is a strong prognostic predictor in diffuse large B cell lymphoma

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome on patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL ). A hundred and eighty‐eight patients with detailed thyroid hormone levels at diagnosis of DLBCL were enrolled. Low T3 syndrome was defined as a low serum free T3 (FT 3) level with low or normal serum free tetraiodothyronine (FT 4) and thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen prognostic factors associated with progression‐free survival (PFS ) and overall survival (OS ). Receiver‐operator characteristic curves and the corresponding areas under the curve were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy of International Prognostic Index (IPI ) and low T3 syndrome. Twenty‐four patients were diagnosed with low T3 syndrome, which was associated with worse PFS and OS in the rituximab era. It was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS , especially for those with IPI 0−2, extranodal sites ≤1 and stage III−IV. Synchronously low FT 3 and FT 4 had poorer survival outcome compared to only low FT 3 and adding criterion of low T3 syndrome improved the prognostic capacity of IPI for predicting PFS and OS in DLBCL . Low T3 syndrome was found to be a strong prognostic predictor in DLBCL .     

调节性T细胞与急性冠状动脉综合征关系的研究进展

急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)是一种以动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂为主要病理表现的临床综合征,炎症反应在这一过程中发挥着重要的作用,各种免疫细胞及细胞因子、炎症介质共同参与并推动炎症反应的发生发展.近年来文献报道,调节性T细胞(Treg)是一种特殊的能够负性调节免疫作用的CD4+T细胞,其在人体内的数量及比例对类风湿关节炎、强制...     

血清超敏肌钙蛋白T在急性冠状动脉综合征患者中危险分层及预后价值的探讨

目的:探讨血清超敏肌钙蛋白T(hs-TnT)对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的临床诊断、冠状动脉病变严重程度和短期预后价值的关系.方法:入选194例因胸痛而拟诊ACS收治入院的患者,所有患者于入院后24 h内测定血清hs-TnT水平,入院期间均完成冠状动脉造影,随访30 d并记录其主要心血管不良事件(MACE).结果...     

Monocyte-endothelial cell interaction in atherogenesis and thrombosis

Cellular interactions between leukocytes and the endothelium are critical events in vascular biology, such as atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome. When monocytes and endothelial cells are activated via direct cell-cell interaction, both types of cells express several biologically active molecules such as adhesion molecules, cytokines, coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, metalloproteinases, and vasoactive substances. All of these molecules could contribute to atherogenesis and thrombosis.     

不稳定心绞痛心肌钙蛋白T测定的意义

目的：探讨心肌钙蛋白T（cTnT)对不稳定心绞痛（UAP）危险分层的临床价值。方法：用酶联免疫法测定80例UAP患入院当天、第2天、第3天血浆cTn水平，据cTn≥0.1ng/ml或＜0．1ng/ml将患分为cTn升高组和正常组，观察住院期间UAP胸痛发作时ST－T变化以及急性心肌梗死（AMI）的发生率。结果：在80例UAP中cTn升高24例（30％）；正常56例（70％）；cTnT升高24例中发生AMI3例（12．5％），其中死亡1例，cTnT正常无1例发生AMI或死亡：cTnT升高组胸痛发作时的心电图ST－T改变发生率100％（24／24）高于正常组的0％（0／56）（P＜0．01）。结论：cTnT测定对判断UAP在短期内发生AMI和心性死亡预测价值，可作为UAP危险度分层指标。     

Ten year mortality in subsets of patients with an acute coronary syndrome

OBJECTIVE—To describe the mortality during the subsequent 10 years for subsets of patients hospitalised for suspected acute coronary syndrome.
PATIENTS AND METHODS—All patients who were admitted to the emergency department in one hospital during 21 months for chest pain or other symptoms raising suspicion of an acute coronary syndrome were registered. From this baseline population three subgroups were defined among those being hospitalised: patients who developed a Q wave acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 306); patients who developed a non-Q wave AMI (n = 527); and patients who developed confirmed or possible myocardial ischaemia (unstable angina pectoris) (n = 1274). These three groups were compared in terms of 10 year mortality.
RESULTS—Patients who developed a non-Q wave AMI had the highest 10 year mortality (70.3%), significantly higher than those who developed a Q wave AMI (60.1%; p = 0.004) and those who had confirmed or possible myocardial ischaemia (50.1%; p < 0.0001). There was no difference between patients with confirmed and those with possible myocardial ischaemia (50.0% and 50.1%, respectively). After correction for dissimilarities in age, sex, and history the adjusted risk ratio for death in patients with a non-Q wave AMI compared with Q wave AMI was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 to 1.25). The corresponding risk ratio for death in patients with a non-Q wave AMI compared with confirmed or possible myocardial ischaemia was 1.91 (95% CI 1.64 to 2.23). There was also an imbalance in drug regimens among groups.
CONCLUSION—This study shows that in a non-selected population of patients hospitalised with a suspected acute coronary syndrome, the highest risk of death is found in those with a non-Q wave AMI and the lowest in those with confirmed or possible myocardial ischaemia. Thus, patients with a Q wave AMI have a long term mortality risk intermediate between the two fractions defined as having unstable coronary artery disease. However, adjusting these results for age and history of cardiovascular disease eliminated the observed difference in mortality between non-Q wave and Q wave AMI. Furthermore, an imbalance in drug regimens might have affected the outcome.


Keywords: prognosis; acute coronary syndrome     

QT dispersion ratio in patients with unstable angina pectoris (A new risk factor?)

Background: QT dispersion has been shown to be associated with fatal arrhythmias and sudden death in coronary artery disease. A recent study indicated that marked QT dispersion in electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained during acute ischemia demonstrated a significant correlation with ventricular fibrillation. Hypothesis: This study investigated the ECG parameters for repolarization (QT dispersion, corrected QT, corrected QT dispersion, and QT dispersion ratio) and their interrelation with acute ischemia. Methods: QT parameters as well as a newly developed repolarization index, QT dispersion ratio l(QT dispersion/RR interval) × 100] were calculated digitally during rest and ischemia in 32 patients with coronary artery disease (rest angina, Braunwald class III). Results were correlated with clinical consequences, mainly arrhythmias, within a follow-up period of 5±2days. Results: While most patients had an increase in all four parameters, only the QT dispersion ratio showed a significant difference when correlated with ventricular arrhythmias (p < 0.001, F ratio = 38). Conclusion: QT dispersion ratio appears to be a new and promising parameter in predicting ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute ischemia.     

Effects of drug-eluting stents on systemic inflammatory response in patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Inflammatory markers are elevated in acute coronary syndromes, and are also known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neointimal proliferation and stent restenosis. Drug-eluting stents (DESs) have been shown to decrease stent restenosis in different studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of treatment with DESs on systemic inflammatory response in patients with unstable angina pectoris who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We compared plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), human tumor necrosis factor α (Hu TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels after DES (dexamethasone-eluting stent [DEXES], and sirolimuseluting stent [SES]) implantation with levels after bare metal stent (BMS) implantation. We performed PCI with a single stent in 90 patients (62 men; 59 ± 9 years of age; n = 30 in the BMS group, n = 30 in the DEXES group, n = 30 in the SES group) who had acute coronary syndrome. Plasma hsCRP, Hu TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were determined before intervention and at 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week after PCI. The results were as follows. Plasma hsCRP levels at 48 h (11.19 ± 4.54, 6.43 ± 1.63 vs 6.23 ± 2.69 mg/l, P = 0.001) after stent implantation were significantly higher in the BMS group than in the DES group; this effect persisted for 7 days (P = 0.001). Plasma Hu TNF-α levels at each time point were higher in the SES group than in the BMS and DEXES groups (P < 0.05). The time course of Hu TNF-α values was similar in all groups. Although IL-6 levels at baseline and at 24 and 48 h showed no statistically significant difference between the study groups, postprocedural values at 7 days were slightly statistically significant in the SES group (P = 0.045). Drug-eluting stents showed significantly lower plasma hsCRP levels after PCI compared with BMSs. This may reflect the potent effects of DESs on acute inflammatory reactions induced by PCI.     

稳定性心绞痛患者发生急性冠状动脉综合征前后血浆炎性因子水平的变化及意义

目的观察稳定性心绞痛患者发生急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)前后血浆白细胞介素(IL)-18、IL-10水平的变化,探讨炎症在ACS发生中的作用及防治的新途径。方法检测211例稳定性心绞痛患者IL-18、IL-10水平变化,随访24个月,根据随访结果将患者分为ACS组(38例)及无ACS组(173例),并进行比较。结果 ACS组患者血浆IL-18水平及IL-18/IL-10比值明显高于无ACS组(P<0.01),血浆IL-10水平明显低于无ACS组(P<0.05);ACS组患者发生ACS后血浆IL-18水平及IL-18/IL-10比值明显高于ACS发生前(P<0.01),发生ACS后血浆IL-10水平明显低于ACS发生前(P<0.05)。结论稳定性心绞痛患者血浆IL-18、IL-10水平与ACS的发生密切相关,提示机体炎症在ACS发生中发挥重要作用,抗炎治疗可能是防治ACS的途径之一。     

CD4＋CD28-T淋巴细胞在急性冠状动脉综合征中的表达及临床意义

研究表明动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性免疫炎症性疾病。目前与T淋巴细胞相关的免疫细胞及免疫分子在冠心病发生发展中的作用已成为研究热点,近年来在急性冠状动脉综合征患者动脉粥样斑块和外周血中发现了一种不同寻常的T细胞——CD4＋CD28-T细胞,并发现CD4＋CD28-T淋巴细胞在急性冠状动脉综合征中可持续存在,且与预后有关,同时可能成为急性冠状动脉综合征治疗的新的靶点。