西地那非对精液质量影响的研究进展

西地那非是第一个上市的5型磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)抑制剂,在临床上主要应用于男性勃起功能障碍(ED).临床研究证实,西地那非能够有效治疗各种器质性、心理性和混合性因素引起的ED.西地那非对精液质量和精子受精能力的影响存在争议.     

口服西地那非不损害移植肾脏的功能

勃起功能障碍(ED)是男性肾脏移植受者的一个重要问题,西地那非作为治疗ED的一线口服药,应用于这类ED患者是否安全?Malavaud B的研究提供了肯定的答案。西地那非(万艾可)通过维持3′,5′环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)介导海绵体平滑肌松弛而改善勃起。它亦可引起全身性血管舒张,使血压轻微降低。研究评估的是单个剂量的西地那非对伴有ED的肾脏移植受者的移植物功     

轻到中度动脉性ED患者接受西地那非治疗后自发性勃起功能得到改善

为验证西地那非(50mg每晚服用持续一年)是否能改善轻到中度动脉性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的自发性勃起功能(EF),Sommer F等人进行了一项前瞻性的开放性试验,研究入选112位男性ED患者,随机分为接受每晚西地那非50mg组或按需服用西地那非50mg或100mg组,随后进入1月和6月的非药物治疗期。非随机化、未服药ED患者也接受评估。用勃起功能国际指数(IIEF EF)的EF范围和阴茎海绵体动脉收缩速度峰值评估药物作用。结果显示在西地那非治疗后以及随后的非服药期,IIEF EF在48位夜间服药     

他达拉非在既往从未接受过5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂治疗的男性勃起功能障碍患者中的疗效:与既往枸橼酸西地那非治疗反应型患者的比较研究

<正>他达拉非是一种5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂,用于治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)。由于大多数临床研究都是将先前枸橼酸西地那非(西地那非)治疗失败的患者排除在外,所以Broderick等回顾性地对14项他达     

细胞因子治疗勃起功能障碍的研究进展

细胞因子与勃起功能障碍(ED)密切相关。研究发现,4类相关细胞因子和ED发生与治疗有关。促进血管再生的细胞因子可以改善血管内皮功能,促进内皮再生从而改善勃起功能;促进神经再生的细胞因子通过保护海绵体神经改善勃起功能;保护平滑肌功能的细胞因子通过促进平滑肌表达,抑制阴茎纤维化改善勃起功能;炎症相关的细胞因子通过作用于平滑肌上相应受体松弛平滑肌改善勃起功能。与5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE-5)抑制剂相比,细胞因子治疗ED更有针对性。但是,目前的实验模型大多数为大鼠且缺乏大样本的研究,限制了细胞因子进一步应用于临床。所以,虽然血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经生长因子(NGF)等可以显著改善ED动物的勃起功能,但是需要大型动物实验和大样本的实验进一步证实其治疗效果和安全性。     

既往从未接受过5型磷酸二酯抑制剂治疗的男性勃起功能障碍患者对枸橼酸西地那非和他达拉非治疗偏好的相关因素:来自多中心性、随机性、开放式、交叉研究数据的事后分析

为了确定患者基线特征、治疗效果、心理社会结果或耐受性是否与既往从未接受过5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂治疗的男性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者对枸橼酸西地那非(西地那非)或他达拉非治疗的选择偏好有关,Eardley等进行了一项开放式、交叉研究,对367例按需服用西地那非(25、50若100mg)若他达拉非(10或20 mg)的ED患者的治疗药物选择偏好进行了研究.     

西地那非的起效时间和维持时间的研究进展

西地那非是一种特异性环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)磷酸二酯酶5(PDE5)抑制剂,通过抑制第二信使cGMP的代谢,促进海绵体动脉平滑肌舒张,进而改善勃起功能障碍(ED)症状的口服药物。本文对西地那非的药代动力学、起效时间和作用维持时间等不同方面的研究进展作一综述。     

西地那非对夜间勃起作用的研究

目的:探讨西地那非对夜间勃起的作用。方法:对35例勃起功能障碍(ED)患者予以西地那非100 mg睡前口服,其中器质性28例,心理性7例。用尼娃(NEVA)监测夜间勃起情况。结果:28例器质性ED患者的勃起参数有明显改善(P<0.05),7例心理性ED患者无明显改善(P>0.05)。结论:在无性刺激条件下西地那非可改善器质性ED患者夜间勃起。     

既往从未接受过5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂治疗的男性勃起功能障碍患者对枸橼酸西地那非和他达拉非治疗偏好的相关因素:来自多中心性、随机化、开放式、交叉研究数据的事后分析

<正>为了确定患者基线特征、治疗效果、心理社会结果或耐受性是否与既往从未接受过5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂治疗的男性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者对枸橼酸西地那非(西地那非)或他达拉非治疗的选择偏好有关,Eardley等进行了一项开放式、交叉研究,对367例按需服用西地那非(25、50或100 mg)或他达拉非(10或20 mg)的ED患者的治疗药物选择偏好进行了研究。在经过为期4周的基线评估期后,患者随机     

体外冲击波治疗勃起功能障碍及阴茎硬结症的研究进展

阴茎海绵体血管内皮受损、血管舒缩功能障碍、血流量不足是引起勃起功能障碍(ED)的重要病因。目前对ED的治疗主要应用5-型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(PDE5I),但对部分ED患者无效。由阴茎硬结病(PD)引起的ED除使用PDE5I,还可采取手术、电疗等物理疗法,但疗效难以保证。近年发现低强度体外冲击波治疗(LI-ESWT)能促进血管再生,提高阴茎海绵体血流量,有望成为治疗ED和PD的一项有效的新方法。     

Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction of various etiologies

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose oral sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) of various etiologies. METHODS: In a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study, 514 men (mean age 56 years) with ED were randomized to receive 25, 50, or 100 mg of sildenafil or placebo. The primary etiology of ED was determined to be organic in 32% of men, psychogenic in 25%, or mixed in 43%. Sildenafil or placebo was taken in the home setting approximately 1 hour before sexual activity, not more than once daily. Efficacy was determined by responses to question 3 (ability to achieve an erection) and question 4 (ability to maintain an erection) of the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Other measures of efficacy included the five sexual function domains of the IIEF, a global efficacy question, event log data, and a partner questionnaire. RESULTS: Sildenafil significantly increased patients' ability to achieve and maintain erections (P <0.0001), with efficacy increasing with increasing dose. Significant improvements were also observed in the IIEF domains for erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction, and overall sexual satisfaction (P <0.0001). The proportion of subjects who felt that treatment with sildenafil improved their erections was significantly greater (67% to 86%) than that with placebo treatment (24%, P <0.0001). The proportion of successful attempts at sexual intercourse also increased significantly with sildenafil treatment (P <0.001). Partner responses corroborated patient reports. Sildenafil was well tolerated at the three doses studied. CONCLUSIONS: Oral sildenafil is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for ED of various etiologies.     

Sildenafil does not improve sexual function in men without erectile dysfunction but does reduce the postorgasmic refractory time

Sildenafil is one of two oral drugs approved for first-line treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Anecdotally, some young healthy men who wish to enhance their sexual performance are requesting or abusing sildenafil. In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, we investigated the effect of sildenafil in young men without ED. A total of 60 young healthy men age 20-40 y with no reported ED were enrolled for this single-dose home-use study. Subjects had used no medication in the 6 months prior to the study. All had been engaged in a stable relationship for at least 3 months. After completing the IIEF-5 questionnaire, patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either one 25 mg tablet of sildenafil (group 1) taken prior to intercourse, or an identical placebo tablet (group 2). All subjects completed a questionnaire relating to their erectile quality. There were no differences between the two groups in the reported improvement of erection quality, 12/30 sildenafil vs 10/30 placebo (Fisher's test, P=0.79). Sildenafil caused a significant reduction of the postejaculatory refractory time (12/30 vs 4/30) (chi(2) test, P=0.04). Sildenafil does not improve erections in young healthy men. Sildenafil should not be given to young healthy men to improve their erections and patients should be advised against recreational abuse of the drug. In this limited single-dose home study, sildenafil appears to reduce the postorgasmic refractory time. Although controlled studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of erection-enhancing drugs in premature ejaculation, it is possible that sildenafil might be useful for this indication.     

Erectile dysfunction following nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy and its treatment with sildenafil

BACKGROUND: We retrospectively evaluated the erectile function after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and the efficacy of sildenafil for erectile dysfunction (ED) following RRP according to the preoperative erectile function. METHODS: We evaluated 48 Japanese patients who underwent nerve-sparing RRP at the Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan, between January 1996 and December 2001. Erectile function following nerve-sparing RRP was assessed by a simple mailed questionnaire that was constructed for the study. RESULTS: Of the 48 patients, 36 had normal erectile function preoperatively, but for 12, function was not sufficient to penetrate. The overall estimated recovery rates of any degree of erection were 50.6% at 36 months and 94.3% at 60 months. However, that of erection sufficient to penetrate was only 17.7% at 36 months and was only seen in bilateral nerve-sparing patients. Sildenafil was effective in 9 of 13 ED patients (69.2%) in both nerve-sparing groups. When patients were divided according to preoperative erectile function, no difference was found in the efficacy rate between patients with normal function and those with ED. CONCLUSIONS: Even bilateral nerve-sparing RRP can not always guarantee a sufficient erection. However, sildenafil is effective for ED following nerve-sparing RRP regardless of the nerve-sparing procedure or preoperative erectile function. Thus, preoperative function alone, although depending on its severity, may not necessarily be a reason for exclusion from receiving nerve-sparing RRP if patients want to have the operation.     

Efficacy of sildenafil on erectile dysfunction of newly-weds

To explore the efficacy of sildenafil on erectile dysfunction (ED) of newly-weds, the author studied 60 outpatients within a month of marriage, who suffered from sexual intercourse (SI) failure caused by ED and showed no improvement after receiving sex education and psychological consultation. The patients were given oral sildenafil, 100 mg for the first and second times, 50 mg for the third and fourth times, no more than once every day, with a 1- to 3-day break between every two times. Four times of sildenafil administration formed one course of treatment. Sildenafil was taken 1 h before SI and was aided with adequate sexual stimulation. The rates of successful SI due to improved erection during and after a course of sildenafil treatment were 93.3% (56/60) and 85% (51/60), both P  > 0.05. In the groups with one and more than one SI failure the successful SI rates after a sildenafil treatment course were 93.1% (27/29) and 77.4% (24/31), both P  > 0.05. Oral sildenafil with psychological therapy in the treatment of ED of newly-weds proves to be effective in restoring the patients' sexual function and relieving their mental pressure or stress.     

Correlations between increased erection hardness and improvements in emotional well-being and satisfaction outcomes in men treated with sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction

To explore relationships between erection hardness and other outcomes in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). Pooled analyses were conducted on 27 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and six open-label trials from the worldwide sildenafil database. Outcomes included erection hardness graded subjectively, hardness and sexual satisfaction questions from the International Index of Erectile Function, general and sexually-specific emotional well-being from the self-esteem and relationship questionnaire, and the erectile dysfunction inventory of treatment satisfaction. Hardness outcomes improved (with a possible dose-response relationship for the achievement of fully hard and rigid erections) and correlated positively with the other outcomes. Sildenafil 100 mg produced optimal erection hardness (fully hard and rigid erections) in a substantial proportion of men with ED. Because optimal erection hardness correlated positively with some emotional well-being and satisfaction outcomes, sildenafil 100 mg may be the most appropriate dosage for treatment of ED for most men.     

Efficacy of oral sildenafil in hemodialysis patients with erectile dysfunction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in chronic renal failure in patients on hemodialysis (HD). A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of oral sildenafil (50 mg) administered as required in HD patients with ED was designed. Patients on HD for at least 6 mo and who had a stable relationship with a female sexual partner were included. Patients older than 70 yr with penile anatomic abnormalities, cirrhosis, diabetes, angina, severe anemia, and those who were on nitrate treatment or with a recent history of stroke or myocardial infarction were not included. The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) was employed to evaluate ED and treatment response. Forty-one patients were evaluated (21 received placebo, and 20 sildenafil). Baseline clinical and demographic parameters were similar in both groups. Sildenafil was associated with improvement in the score of all questions and domains of the IIEF, except those related to sexual desire. Using the erectile function domain to evaluate primary efficacy, improvement was observed in 85% of the sildenafil patients compared with 9.5% of placebo patients. Sildenafil use resulted in normal EF scores in 35% of sildenafil patients. Sildenafil was well tolerated. Headaches and flushing occurred in both groups. Dyspepsia was reported by two patients in the sildenafil group. In conclusion, oral sildenafil seems to be an effective and safe treatment for ED in selected patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis.     

从更好的勃起到更好的性生活:万艾可研究进展

万艾可(枸橼酸西地那非)起效快,使患者达到和维持坚硬的勃起,已被证实为首选的勃起功能障碍(ED)治疗药物。近年来,有关万艾可疗效的研究越来越多地关注其对整体性生活的改善,即对患者心理因素的影响。通过应用心理学评价工具,如勃起功能障碍治疗满意度量表、自尊心和性关系问卷、勃起功能障碍心理影响评分等,研究发现万艾可显著改善以下心理性因素:ED患者及其伴侣对性交和性关系的满意度、患者的自信心和自尊心、与伴侣亲近和进行性交的欲望等。服用万艾可的ED患者性交尝试次数显著增加,健康相关的生活质量显著提高。因此,万艾可产生更好的勃起,进一步促进更好的性生活良性循环。     

A dose-escalation study to assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra, Pfizer Inc., USA) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study over a period of 26 weeks in men with erectile dysfunction of a broad spectrum of aetiology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 315 patients from five countries were randomized to receive treatment with placebo (156 men) or sildenafil (159 men). Significant concomitant medical conditions were hypertension (20%), a history of pelvic surgery (19%), diabetes mellitus (15%), and ischaemic heart disease (10%). Patients randomized to treatment received a starting dose of 25 mg of sildenafil or matching placebo, which could be increased to 50 mg and then to 100 mg of sildenafil, based on efficacy and tolerability. Assessments of efficacy comprised the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), including question three (ability to achieve an erection) and question four (ability to maintain an erection), a partner questionnaire, an overall efficacy question, and event-log data. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, 26%, 32% and 42% of patients were taking 25, 50 and 100 mg of sildenafil, respectively. A similar distribution of doses was reported after 26 weeks of treatment. Treatment with sildenafil significantly improved the patients' abilities to achieve and maintain an erection compared with treatment with placebo (P < 0.001). Scores for four of the five sexual function domains of the IIEF (erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction) also improved significantly (P < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in the mean score for the erectile function domain, regardless of the aetiology of erectile dysfunction (P < 0.001). After 12 weeks and 26 weeks of treatment, 82% and 79% of patients receiving sildenafil reported improved erections, compared with 24% and 23% of patients receiving placebo, respectively (P < 0.001). Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate and occurred in 27% of patients receiving sildenafil, compared with 8% of patients receiving placebo. CONCLUSION: Sildenafil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for men with erectile dysfunction of a broad spectrum of aetiology.     

The Role of Apomorphine SL in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Epidemiological data indicate that erectile dysfunction (ED) affects over 140 million men worldwide, with the highest prevalence in men over 60 years. While the condition is often associated with coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, and may be a marker for these conditions, most men who present with ED for treatment have mild to moderate dysfunction. Treatment guidelines developed by an international, multidisciplinary panel of experts as a “process of care model for erectile dysfunction” recommend the implementation of oral agents as first-line therapy. Sublingual apomorphine SL is the first medication for the treatment of erectile dysfunction with a central mechanism of action. In clinical studies, apomorphine SL provides clinical erectogenic benefits at 2 and 3 mg doses particularly in those patients with mild to moderate ED. Apomorphine SL has the added advantages of a rapid onset of action, resulting in erection in less than half the time required by sildenafil, and a highly favorable tolerability and safety profile, especially in patients with coronary artery disease receiving nitrates. Apomorphine SL is an important addition to the armamentarium of primary care clinicians and urologists treating male erectile dysfunction, due to enhanced erectile function, speed of onset, convenience of dosing, and favorable side effect profile. Apomorphine SL 2 and 3 mg is an effective first-line treatment option for men presenting with mild to moderate ED, who have a degree of residual erectile function that is inadequate for satisfactory sexual performance.     

Positive effect of counseling and dose adjustment in patients with erectile dysfunction who failed treatment with sildenafil

OBJECTIVE: Many patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) stop using sildenafil due to subjective failure. This study examined whether counseling and maximal dosing (100 mg) could achieve better treatment compliance and could possibly improve treatment outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients were recruited by newspaper advertisements and referred to 5 ED centers throughout the country. Details about their previous experiences with sildenafil were recorded and following an explicit explanation about the nature and action of the drug, were offered to enter the study. Instructions on drug use were provided during each visit in which four 100 mg Sildenafil tablets were provided. Treatment outcomes were assessed by the international index of erectile function (IIEF) questionnaire after taking 4 and 8 tablets. In 2 ED centers a short video with sexual counseling content was added in between visits. RESULTS: The study cohort was comprised of 220 patients aged 27-88 years. The majority reported having received limited or no instructions on drug use when sildenafil was first prescribed. A significant increase in IIEF erectile function domain scores (EFDS) between visits 1, 2 and 3 was observed (10.96+/-0.40, 16.73+/-0.51 and 17.82+/-0.55 mean+/-SE, respectively), with 23.6% of the study patients achieving normal erectile function at the end of the study. The parameters of age and initial severity of ED most influenced treatment success. CONCLUSIONS: Counseling and dose adjustment were directly influential in achieving an excellent response to a second trial of sildenafil in patients with ED who had previously failed treatment with the drug, and obviated their needing to seek more invasive measures.