盐酸普罗帕酮固体分散体的制备及其溶出度测定

目的:将盐酸普罗帕酮制备成固体分散体,以提高盐酸普罗帕酮体外溶出速度。方法:分别以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVPK30)、聚乙二醇(PEG)6000、PEG4000为载体,采用溶剂法制备固体分散体,考察其体外释药性能,并对固体分散体进行差热分析。结果:以PEG6000为载体制备固体分散体的体外溶出率优于其他载体制备的固体分散体,且以药物-载体比例为1∶5时制备的固体分散体溶出率最快。结论:盐酸普罗帕酮固体分散体可提高盐酸普罗帕酮的体外溶出速度。     

表面活性剂对葛根素固体分散体体外溶出的影响

目的:应用固体分散技术,以提高葛根素的体外溶出速率.方法:采用溶剂法制备了含有和不含有表面活性剂吐温-80的葛根素的PVP-3800固体分散体,进行体外的溶出实验,并用DSC鉴别不同固体分散体中药物的分散状态.结果:葛根素的固体分散体明显地促进了葛根素的溶出,并且含有吐温-80的固体分散体溶出速率比不含吐温-80溶出速率快.DSC的结果表明,葛根素、PVP与吐温120的比例在1∶5∶2和1∶8∶2 形成无定型的共沉淀物,而1∶2∶0,1∶5∶0,1∶8∶0的葛根素以微晶形式存在于固体分散体中.结论:表面活性剂可以提高葛根素固体分散体的溶出速率.     

冬凌草甲素固体分散体的制备及溶解性能研究

目的 采用固体分散技术,提高冬凌草甲素的体外溶解性能。方法 分别以聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVPK30)为载体,制备冬凌草甲素固体分散体。采用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定,差示热分析法鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态,并进行溶解度、体外溶出速率实验。结果 两种载体的固体分散体均能增加药物的溶解度和溶出速率,冬凌草甲素在载体中以高度分散状态存在。结论 以 PVPK30为载体制备的冬凌草甲素固体分散体体外溶解度和溶出速率明显提高。     

活性氯酚3-氯-3’,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮固体分散体的制备及体外溶出研究

目的制备活性氯酚3-氯-3’,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮(HP46)的固体分散体(solid dispersion,SD),以提高HP46的体外溶解度和溶出度。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)为载体,吐温(Tween80)为表面活性剂,采用溶剂法制备HP46的固体分散体,优化固体分散体组成,并进行体外溶出研究。运用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)和差示热量扫描(DSC)分析固体分散体中药物的分散状态。结果 HP46固体分散体组成的最优质量比为HP46-PVPK30-Tween80 1∶3∶1,XRD和DSC结果表明HP46以无定型或分子状态存在于载体中,体外溶解度和溶出速率显著提高,溶解度为1 319.4μg/ml,在20 min内累积溶出率为77.23%,溶解度和溶出度较原料药分别提高约30倍和8倍。结论以PVPK30为载体,加入表面活性剂Tween80,可有效提高HP46的溶解度和溶出度,固体分散体最优质量比为HP46-PVPK30-Tween80 1∶3∶1。     

吐温-80对固体分散体中盐酸胺碘酮溶出度及稳定性的影响

目的观察吐温-80对固体分散体中盐酸胺碘酮溶出度及稳定性的影响。方法溶剂法制备固体分散体,紫外分光光度法测定药物含量,溶出仪考察药物溶出度,加速试验考察稳定性。结果以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30为载体制备得到的盐酸胺碘酮固体分散体,其体外溶出度明显快于聚乙二醇6000制备的固体分散体;随着固体分散体中吐温-80用量的增加,盐酸胺碘酮的溶出速率明显加快。加速实验放置3个月,药物溶出度未发生明显变化,但制剂吸水率增加。结论吐温-80能增加固体分散体的药物溶出,但贮存时必须注意防潮。     

阿折地平固体分散体的制备及溶出度的考察

目的利用固体分散技术制备阿折地平固体分散体,并检测其体外溶出度。方法分别以聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000、泊洛沙姆188等为载体,用熔融法、溶剂法制备不同比例的阿折地平固体分散体。通过X射线粉末衍射法分析药物在固体分散体中的存在状态。采用紫外分光光度法测定阿折地平固体分散体的溶出度,根据测定结果筛选出两种方法制备的固体分散体进行压片,并比较阿折地平固体分散片的体外溶出特性。结果各种方法制备的阿折地平固体分散体均能加快药物溶出,且载体比例愈大,药物溶出越快。最优制备方法为以泊洛沙姆188为载体、药物与载体比例为1∶6,采用熔融法制备。结论采用固体分散技术可有效增加阿折地平的体外溶出度。     

硝苯地平固体分散体的制备和溶出速率研究

目的 提高硝苯地平的体外溶出速率.方法 分别以聚乙二醇6000,聚乙二醇4000,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30,泊洛沙姆188为载体,用熔融法、溶剂法、溶剂-熔融法制备硝苯地平固体分散体.采用DTA法分析药物在固体分散体中的存在状态,并进行体外溶出速率试验.结果 各种固体分散体均能加快药物的溶出速率,载体比例愈大,药物溶出越快.结论 硝苯地平固体分散体比原料药的溶出速率显著提高.     

多西他赛自乳化固体分散体的制备及体外特性研究

目的制备多西他赛自乳化固体分散体（DTX-SESD）,并考察其体外特性。方法以自乳化辅料和PEG6000为载体制备多西他赛固体分散体,进行溶解度、体外溶出度和稳定性实验,考察不同自乳化辅料、不同制备方法、不同介质对溶出度的影响。并采用差示扫描量热分析、X-射线粉末衍射分析以鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态。结果 DTX-SESD的溶解度和溶出度分别是原料药的约33.8倍和12.5（2 h）倍;自乳化辅料对药物溶出有显著影响;溶剂法和溶剂熔融法制备的自乳化固体分散体溶出度好于熔融法;溶出介质对溶出无显著影响;自乳化固体分散体中药物主要以分子状态存在。结论自乳化固体分散体能显著提高多西他赛的溶解度和溶出度。     

埃索美拉唑锌固体分散体的制备及其体外溶出特性

目的通过制备成固体分散体的方法提高埃索美拉唑锌的溶出度。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVPK30)和聚乙二醇6000(PEG 6000)为载体,采用溶剂法将埃索美拉唑锌制备成固体分散体,然后将所得固体分散体装填于肠溶胶囊,并考察其在人工肠液中的溶出特性;利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)鉴别埃索美拉唑锌在固体分散体中的存在状态。结果随着载体比例增加,固体分散体体外溶出度先增大后减小;以PEG 6000为载体制备的固体分散体溶出度优于以PVPK30制备的固体分散体;DSC分析表明,埃索美拉唑锌在以PEG 6000为载体制备的固体分散体中以非晶型存在。结论固体分散体提高了埃索美拉唑锌的体外溶出速度。     

葛根素固体分散体的制备及体外研究

目的采用固体分散技术，提高葛根素的体外溶出速率。方法分别以聚乙二醇6000，泊洛沙姆，聚乙二醇6000-聚氧乙烯（40）硬脂酸酯（又名S-40）的熔合物（1：3）为载体，熔融法制备葛根素的固体分散体。采用DSC法鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态，并进行体外溶出度实验。结果各种固体分散体均能加快药物的溶出速率，载体比例愈大，药物溶出越快，葛根素在PEG6000的固体分散体中以微细结晶存在。结论葛根素-PEG6000固体分散体增加葛根素溶出度的效果显著。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.