社区干预对首发精神分裂症的作用

目的:探讨社区干预和训练对首发精神分裂症康复效果.方法:对首发精神分裂症患者纳入社区管理,随机分为干预组27例和对照组29例,进行为期1年的追踪随访,采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ ),在人组、干预半年和1年时进行康复效果评估.结果:干预组在随访1年...     

对中小城市社区精神分裂症患者的现状分析

目的为了解社区精神分裂症患者的现状及其特点。方法对两个市第一次社区康复工作所得资料进行了比较分析。结果两市患者的年龄、婚姻、起病形式、病前性格、家族史、疾病分型、社会影响及治疗情况均无显著性差异；而在文化程度、职业、家庭经济、起病年龄、起病诱因、胎次、病程、是否曾接受专科门诊和住院、现状、社会功能等方面则有显著性差异；经多元逐步回归分析显示，影响两市患者疗效最主要的是家人对患者的态度和既往治疗情况。本文提示，不同社会环境对社区中精神分裂症患者的现状产生了不同的影响     

Effect of the medication management module evaluated using the role play test

Abstract Training in social skills has been shown to have a strong, positive impact, according to behavioral measures, on social skills, self-rated assertiveness, and the hospital discharge rate. It is important to establish a system of assessing social skills because it is necessary for the effects of social skills training to be assessed in Japan. In Project 1, we devised a Japanese version of the role play test to quantify social skills using a standard method. We tested 30 patients attending the day hospital who were considered to need intensive rehabilitation. We found the role play test had high inter-rater and test-retest reliability, and had construct validity and criterion related validity. Thus, the role play test was thought to be a useful tool for assessing social skills. For Project 2, eight inpatients who were ready for discharge but who needed to improve their skills in self-managed medication participated in this study. The social skills of self-managed medication assessed using the role play test were significantly improved after the subjects participated in the Medication Management Module of the UCLA social and independent living skills program. Knowledge of self-managed medication also tended to improve after training. This study is preliminary and it should be confirmed that improved skills influenced by the medication management module decreases the relapse rates.     

园农治疗对慢性精神分裂症社会功能的作用

目的：探讨园农康复治疗对长期住院慢性精神分裂症患者社会功能的康复效果。方法：185例长期住院的慢性精神分裂症患者（残留期113例,衰退期72例）随机分为残留期治疗组57例和对照组56例,衰退期治疗组和对照组各36例。治疗组进行系统的院外开放式园农康复治疗,对照组进行院内封闭式传统工娱康复治疗。疗程10个月。于康复治疗前、治疗5个月和10个月时分别进行社会功能评定量表（SSPI）评定。结果：残留期治疗组治疗后社会功能有显著改善,SSPI评分在治疗前、治疗5个月和10个月时分别为（16.3±4.9）分、（18.3±5.2）分和（19.6±5.7）分（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;而残留期对照组治疗后社会功能无改善,SSPI评分分别为（15.9±5.2）分、（16.1±4.9）分和（16.3±6.1）分（P均〉0.05）。衰退期治疗组治疗后社会功能有一定的改善,SSPI评分分别为（12.5±4.3）分、（12.9±5.2）分和（14.9±5.3）分（P〈0.05）,而衰退期对照组治疗后社会功能无改善,SSPI评分分别为（12.2±5.2）分、（12.2±5.8）分和（12.4±4.9）分（P均〉0.05）。结论：园农康复治疗对长期住院的慢性精神分裂症患者社会功能的康复有良好的效果,其中残留期患者的社会功能恢复较早、效果更好。     

家属参与的社会技能训练对社区精神分裂症患者康复的作用

目的:探讨家属参与的社会技能训练对社区精神分裂症患者康复的影响。方法:80例社区的精神分裂症患者随机分为试验组和对照组;在抗精神病药物治疗基础上所有患者在社区接受每周1次、每次60 min的社会技能训练,共训练16次。试验组每例患者均有1位家属参与训练,其接受治疗师单独指导及在家庭生活中帮助患者实践所学到的技能。两组在训练前、训练6及12个月时分别进行大体评定量表(GAS)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)及日常生活量表(ADLS)的评定。结果:训练后试验组SDSS(F=4.02,P0.05)、ADLS(F=12.73,P0.01)及工具性日常生活活动量表(IADL)(F=15.11,P0.01)减分值明显优于对照组。结论:有家属参与的社会技能训练能更好地帮助社区精神分裂症患者康复。     

社区干预对精神分裂症患者的作用

目的：探索主动性社区干预的康复治疗方法对社区精神分裂症患者的作用。方法：精神分裂症128例,连续1年的主动性访视干预社区治疗康复效果。结果：在维持药物治疗的基础上,主动性访视干预1年后精神分裂症患者的简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）各因子、临床疗效总评量表（CGI）评分下降有显著性,世界卫生组织生活质量简表（WHOQOL-BREF）各因子自我评分和总体生活质量评分均高于1年前。结论：主动性访视干预康复对精神分裂症患者有效。     

Predictors of social cognition in patients with schizophrenia

The goal of this study is to explore neurocognitive, clinical and community functioning variables in order to predict “social reasoning” in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenic disorder. Cognitive and community functioning, and social reasoning have been evaluated, together with the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) and DSM-IV Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), in a sample of 46 patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Our findings show that global functioning as reflected by GAF is the strongest predictor of the social reasoning as evaluated by the Wason’s Selection Task (WST). Other community functioning variables such as the Life Skills Profile (LSP) sub-scores do not provide significant prediction of social reasoning. Similarly, neurocognitive measures, in terms of attention and contextual reasoning, have no predictive effect on social reasoning. Our findings show that social cognition should be considered as an additional cognitive domain more related to functional outcome.     

社区康复与住院康复对慢性精神分裂症患者家庭功能及希望水平的影响

目的比较社区康复治疗与住院康复治疗对慢性精神分裂症患者家庭功能和希望水平的影响,为改善慢性精神分裂症的预后提供参考。方法 2017年3月-7月在上海市杨浦区精神卫生中心随机抽取符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症诊断标准的住院患者(住院组)60例,在杨浦区的12家社区"阳光心园"纳入进行社区康复治疗的精神分裂症患者(社区组)60例。采用家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版(FACESⅡ-CV)、Herth希望量表(HHS)评定两组患者的家庭功能和希望水平。结果 FACESⅡ-CV中,社区组"实际适应性"因子评分高于住院组[(45.51±7.27)分vs.(41.68±8.98)分,t=2.358,P=0.021];HHS中,社区组"对现实和未来的积极态度"因子评分高于住院组[(12.39±1.51)分vs.(11.70±1.79)分,t=2.095,P=0.039];总体希望水平与家庭实际亲密度和实际适应性呈正相关(P0.05或0.01)。结论与住院康复治疗相比,基于社区和家庭的康复治疗服务更有助于提高患者的家庭功能和希望水平。     

日间康复站康复模式对精神分裂症患者康复效果的评价

目的：探讨日间康复站康复模式对精神分裂症患者的康复效果。方法：200例社区精神分裂症患者随机分成康复组和对照组各100例,康复组在药物治疗基础上参加日间康复站的综合康复训练,对照组仅接受常规药物治疗。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（ PANSS）、个人与社会表现量表（ PSP）在康复前和康复后3、6个月,对两组疗效和社会功能改善情况进行评估比较。结果：康复6个月,康复组PANSS总分、阴性症状分低于对照组（P均<0.01）;PSP总分高于对照组（P<0.01）。重复测量方差分析,两组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、阴性症状分、一般精神病理分和PSP总分在时间效应上有统计学意义（F=18.965,F=4.265,F=30.189,F=21.988,F=18.620;P<0.05或P<0.01）;PANSS总分、阴性症状分、一般精神病理分和PSP总分在交互效应上有统计学意义（ F=16.398,F=17.237,F=3.734, F=19.937;P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：精神分裂症患者在日间康复站的系统综合康复训练可明显减轻精神症状;改善社会功能,增强回归社会的能力。     

Controlled trial of the effectiveness of community rehabilitation for patients with schizophrenia in Shanghai,China

Background

The ‘Sunshine Soul Park’ is a network of social welfare institutions that provides communitybased rehabilitation services for individuals with mental illness.

Aims

Assess the effectiveness of the rehabilitation services provided at the ‘Sunshine Soul Park’ on the psychotic symptoms and social functioning of individuals with schizophrenia and, based on these findings, provide a theoretical model of community-based rehabilitation.

Methods

Sixty individuals with schizophrenia in the Huangpu District of Shanghai volunteered for the rehabilitation training program provided at six ‘Sunshine Soul Park’ community centers that involves day treatment, medication monitoring, biweekly rehabilitation training, and other recreational, social, and intellectual activities. A matched control group was recruited from individuals with schizophrenia registered on the Huangpu District registry of the ‘Severe Mental Illness Prevention and Rehabilitation System’. All participants continued their medication without change for the full year of follow-up. Both groups were assessed at baseline, and 3, 6, and 12 months after enrollment using the Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ), Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Results

In the intervention group the ITAQ, SDSS, GQOLI-74, and PANSS scores showed statistically significant improvement compared to baseline at each follow-up assessment. Moreover, the trend in improvement in the interventions group is significantly faster than that in the control group.

Conclusions

The ‘Sunshine Soul Park’ rehabilitation training program enhances patients’ knowledge about their disorder and improves their social functioning and quality of life. Further studies to assess methods for up-scaling this intervention to other areas of China are warranted.     

健康教育对精神分裂症患者的康复作用

目的:探讨健康教育对恢复期精神分裂症患者康复的作用.方法:108例精神分裂症患者随机分成观察组54例和对照组54例,观察组在接受常规治疗护理的同时再接受健康教育,对照组接受常规的护理;在入组及入组后2周、4周给予护士用简明精神病量表(N-BPRS)进行评定.结果:接受健康教育护理的观察组患者N-BPRS总分在观察2周和...     

Effectiveness of integrated psychological therapy on cognitive function among Lebanese patients with schizophrenia: a pilot study

Abstract

Background: The integrated term emphasises the need for cognitive therapy to always be embedded into an extended treatment concept adapted to cognitive resources and deficits and to patient rehabilitation. One of the first approaches is integrated psychological therapy (IPT).

Aim: To assess the effect of the IPT Programme compared to the Treatment as Usual (TaU) in terms of cognitive performance and social skills among a group of schizophrenic patients.

Methods: This randomised controlled study enrolled 20 patients in each group. Patients attended 60-min sessions, 3?days/week.

Results: When considering the TaU group, the bivariate results showed that significantly higher means of attention scores, lower means in social dysfunction and aggression, social adaptation scores were found after IPT compared to before. The effect size for all tests was found to be weak. When considering the IPT group, significantly higher means attention score, lower means cognitive disorders, social dysfunction, aggression and social adaptation scores were found after IPT compared to before. The effect size for all tests was found to be high.

Conclusion: The therapeutic combination of the IPT programme with medical treatment has shown additional beneficial effects on the schizophrenic patients’ treatment, enabling them, as far as possible, to reintegrate into the community.

• KEY POINTS

• In cases, a significantly higher GZ-F and KL scores and a lower SDAS-9 and SDAS-6 scores were found post-IPT respectively.

• In controls, a significant increase in the GZ-F and KL subscales and a decrease in all other scales was found post-IPT respectively.

• This therapeutic combination of the integrative programme with medical treatment has shown additive beneficial effects in patients with schizophrenia

• The treatment approach would allow them, as far as possible, to reintegrate within the community.

     

Psychosocial skills training on social functioning and quality of life in the treatment of schizophrenia: a controlled study in Turkey

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the impact of a psychosocial skills training program, consisting of psychoeducation, interpersonal group therapy and family education incorporated into social skills training, as an integrative approach on social functioning and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia, in comparison to standard care for an 8-month period.

METHOD Thirty patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia were included in the study. Patients were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Quality of Life Scale (QLS), Social Functioning Scale (SFS), and Global Assessment of Function (GAF) at baseline. Fifteen patients underwent an 8-month psychosocial skills training group program and another fifteen patients (waiting list) continued in standard care. Both groups were reassessed and analyzed at the end of the study.

RESULTS Two groups were not statistically different in terms of total PANSS, QLS, SFS, GAF scores, and demographic characteristics at baseline. However, there was a significant improvement in the mean total QLS, SFS, GAF, and even in total PANSS scores (respectively from 64.46±19.58 to 89.67±24.10, P<0.001, from 93.20±22.85 to 132.60±33.85, P<0.002, from 57.40±8.78 to 63.86±7.57, P<0.012, and from 63.53±14.48 to 53.33±15.71, P<0.029) for those who underwent the PSST program, but there was no statistically significant change for those on standard care at the end of the study.

CONCLUSION This study highlights the ‘social functioning’ and ‘quality of life’ benefits of the psychosocial skills training program for patients with schizophrenia. It can be concluded that this comprehensive psychosocial skills training program might be an important contribution to the functioning of the patients.     

社交技能训练对精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响

目的：探讨社交技能训练对精神分裂症缓解期患者社会功能的影响。方法：将95例缓解期患者随机分为干预组和对照组。对干预组给予小组社交技能训练,于干预前及干预12个月后采用社会功能缺陷筛选表（SDSS）、家庭负担量表（FBS）进行评定。结果：干预组训练前后的SDSS评分及FBS中家庭日常活动、家庭关系等差异均有显著性（P均〈0．05）,对照组在治疗前后差异无显著性。结论：在药物治疗的基础上,系统而规则的社交技能训练能有效地改善患者处理家庭关系和家庭日常活动的能力并促进患者的社会功能恢复。     

How neurocognition and social cognition influence functional change during community-based psychosocial rehabilitation for individuals with schizophrenia

The purpose of this study was to assess how neurocognition and social cognition were associated with initial functional level and with rates of functional change in intensive community-based psychosocial rehabilitation interventions that have been shown to yield significant functional change for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. We also examined how service intensity was associated with rates of change and whether it served as a moderator of the relationship between functional change and both neurocognition and social cognition. The sample consisted of 125 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were recruited upon admission to 1 of 4 community-based psychosocial rehabilitation facilities and were followed prospectively for 12 months. One hundred and two subjects completed the 12-month protocol. The findings suggested that (i) the initial level of psychosocial functioning was related to both social cognition and neurocognition at baseline, (ii) when significant rehabilitative change occurs, higher neurocognition and social cognition scores at baseline predicted higher rates of functional change over the subsequent 12 months, (iii) greater service intensity was related to higher rates of improvement in functional outcome over time, and (iv) service intensity moderated the relationship between neurocognition and initial functional level and moderated the relationship between social cognition and the rates of functional change at a trend level. These findings have relevance to our understanding of the heterogeneity in functional rehabilitative outcomes, to our understanding of the conditions of rehabilitative change and for the design of psychosocial interventions in the community.     

精神卫生综合干预对社区精神分裂症患者的康复作用

目的:探讨精神卫生综合干预对社区精神分裂症患者的康复作用。方法:将精神病患者日间康复照料机构中的89例精神分裂症康复期患者随机分为干预组和对照组;在接受常规社区精神卫生服务的同时,给予干预组精神卫生综合干预(健康教育、家庭治疗及技能程式训练)1年。分别在入组时、干预3、6、9及12个月进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、康复状态量表(MRSS)和社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评定。结果:PANSS阴性症状分和一般病理分具有组间效应(F=2175.79;P0.001;F=4.74,P0.05);两组PANSS总分、阴性症状分和一般病理分具有时间效应(F=29.32、23.07、15.21,P均0.001)及交互作用(F=3.27,P0.05;F=6.06,P0.001;F=3.55,P0.01)。两组MRSS总分、活动能力缺乏、社交能力、目前症状和异常行为评分具有时间效应(F=14.53、12.74、8.58、6.26;P均0.001)及交互作用(F=6.34,P0.001;F=2.47,P0.05;F=8.58,P0.001;F=2.88,P0.05)。两组SDSS评分具有时间效应和具有交互作用(F=10.69,F=5.19;P均0.001)。两组康复状况比较差异无统计学意义。结论:精神卫生综合干预对改善精神分裂症患者状况及提高社交技能方面优于常规社区精神卫生服务。     

精神分裂症患者共情能力与社会功能

目的：比较稳定期精神分裂症患者与正常对照者的共情能力,探讨患者共情能力与社会功能的关系。方法：采用人际反应指针量表（IRI-C）对103例稳定期精神分裂症患者（患者组）和88名正常对照者（对照组）进行评估,比较二者的共情能力;同时采用社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、个体和社会功能量表（PSP）及阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）对患者组进行评估。结果：患者组IRI-C共情性关心分及共情总分平均为（14.7±4.0）分和（44.2±11.3）分,均较对照组的（16.0±4.5）分和（46.3±11.9）分显著为低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。控制年龄、症状后的IRI-C与SDSS偏相关分析显示,患者组IRI-C共情性关心分与SDSS中社会性退缩分（r=-0.421,P〈0.01）、责任心和计划性分（r=-0.344,P〈0.05）及总分（r=-0.335,P〈0.05）分别呈负相关。控制症状后的IRI-C与PSP偏相关分析显示,患者组IRI-C观点采摘分（r=0.288,P〈0.01）、共情性关心分（r=0.301,P〈0.01）及IRI-C总分（r=0.268,P〈0.01）与PSP总分均呈正相关。结论：精神分裂症患者存在共情能力障碍,其共情能力与其社会功能存在正相关。     

改良森田疗法对慢性精神分裂症的远期疗效

目的：探讨改良森田疗法对慢性精神分裂症的远期疗效。方法：将89例住院慢性精神分裂症患者随机分为森田组和对照组,分别给予10周的改良森田治疗和一般治疗,治疗结束后作1年的随访;治疗前、后及随访结束时用阴性症状量表（SANS）、社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）和自知力量表（ITAQ）进行相关评定。结果：治疗前两组间均分差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）,治疗后森田组SANS、ITAQ评分及情感平淡、兴趣或社交缺乏、注意缺乏分与对照组差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;随访结束时两组间情感平淡、兴趣或社交缺乏差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,ITAQ、SANS、SDSS评分及注意缺乏分则差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,森田组的复发率和再住院率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：改良森田疗法能减轻慢性精神分裂症患者的精神症状、恢复自知力和社会功能、降低复发率,对慢性精神分裂症患者的长期康复具有积极意义,其远期疗效值得肯定。