带Valsalva窦人工血管在David Ⅰ术中的应用

目的 初步总结带Valsalva窦人工血管在保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部替换术(David Ⅰ术)中的临床应用效果.方法 2008年1月至2011年5月,在David Ⅰ术式中应用带Valsalva窦人工血管治疗主动脉根部病变致主动脉瓣关闭不全(AI)15例.男14例,女1例;年龄33～67岁,平均(49.5±10.3)岁.术前心功能Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ级4例;主动脉瓣反流中度9例,重度6例.同期手术包括主动脉弓置换9例,冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术4例,二尖瓣与三尖瓣成形1例,房间隔缺损(ASD)修补术1例.结果 围术期死亡2例,分别死于肺部感染和血源性感染性休克合并多脏器功能衰竭.全组平均体外循环(230.0±54.4) min,平均主动脉阻断(181.2±30.6) min.术后1周复查心功能均为Ⅰ级,主动脉瓣反流轻度6例,轻至中度1例,8例无反流.出院随访3～24个月,平均(8.8±5.9)个月.无主动脉瓣反流3例,轻度9例(3例6个月后复查转为无反流),中度1例(3个月后复查转为轻度).结论 David Ⅰ术式中应用带Valsalva窦人工血管治疗主动脉瓣叶及瓣环大致正常的主动脉根部病变是一种可选择的手术方案,早期手术效果良好,中、远期效果需进一步随访观察.     

保留主动脉瓣根部手术治疗马方综合征的近期疗效CSCD

目的 评价保留主动脉瓣根部手术治疗马方综合征的近期疗效.方法 54例患者,男38例,女16例;年龄20～50岁,平均（31.26±7.80）岁.术前均根据1996年制定的Ghent标准确诊为马方综合征.术前超声心动图示主动脉瓣反流微量5例,少量12例,中量22例,大量15例.根据影像学资料及术中探查,决定是否保留主动脉瓣,其中行Bentall＋二尖瓣成形（MVP）手术2例,Bentall＋二尖瓣置换（MVR）手术4例,Bentall＋全弓＋象鼻手术2例,Bentall手术27例,David＋MVP手术6例,David手术13例.根据术式分为Bentall手术组35例和David手术组19例.随访12～48个月,比较两组手术前、后和不同方案的疗效差异.结果 手术死亡2例,Bentall手术组1例死于术后无法控制的大出血,,David手术组1例死于术后肺部感染、多脏器功能衰竭.52例恢复良好,术后心包及纵隔引流310～820 ml;住院11～29天,平均（16.43±4.38）天.Bentall手术组体外循环（141.09±15.48）min,主动脉阻断（93.82±15.06）min.David手术组体外循环（186.32±23.96）min,主动脉阻断（140.21±22.13）min.术后两种术式的射血分数、左心室径、左心室收缩期末容量、左心室舒张末期容量、短轴缩短率改善与术前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,术后早期并发症发生比例组间差异无统计学意义,晚期并发症Bentall手术组明显高于David手术组.术后David手术组主动脉瓣反流程度较术前明显减轻（1.37±0.95对2.53±0.84,P〈0.05）.随访期间David手术组1例主动脉瓣重度关闭不全行主动脉瓣置换术;Bentall手术组1例再发腹主动脉夹层手术治疗,6例因华法林抗凝出现出血、栓塞并发症.结论 保留主动脉瓣的根部处理治疗马方综合征的近期疗效满意.     

保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的疗效分析

目的评价使用保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的临床应用疗效。方法 2001年2月至2010年9月阜外心血管病医院对60例主动脉根部瘤患者行保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术,其中男44例,女16例;年龄9～64(37.2±13.0)岁。主动脉夹层15例,升主动脉瘤10例,马方综合征25例,主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形2例。行主动脉根部重建术53例,主动脉瓣瓣叶再植术7例。比较术前、术后心功能及主动脉瓣反流程度等指标。结果全组中无手术死亡和严重并发症发生,呼吸机使用时间中位数为13(2～1 110)h,住ICU时间1～18(2.7±2.5)d。术后复查超声心动图提示:主动脉瓣反流程度均明显减轻,仅3例为中大量反流,其余无反流或微少量反流。术后随访2～122(61.5±35.9)个月,随访56例,失访4例,随访期间死亡9例,生存率83.9%(47/56)。2例因主动脉瓣反流分别于术后13个月和14个月再次入院行主动脉瓣置换术。47例患者心功能较术前明显改善,心功能Ⅰ级35例(74.4%),Ⅱ级8例(17.0%)。免于主动脉瓣中重度反流40例(85.1%)。结论保留瓣叶的主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的远期疗效满意,瓣膜相关并发症发生率低。     

表现为单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全的主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的探讨表现为单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全的主动脉夹层的临床特点及外科治疗方法,避免术前误诊,为临床诊治提供参考。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2012年5月北京阜外心血管病医院5例术前诊断为主动脉瓣关闭不全的主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,其中男4例,女1例;中位年龄4l（34～53）岁。5例均在术中诊断为主动脉夹层,1例行单纯主动脉瓣成形术,1例行Wheat手术,3例行Bentall手术。对其临床表现、辅助检查、术中所见、手术方式及随访结果进行分析总结。结果本组患者均无手术死亡及无手术相关并发症,例1出院前超声心动图提示升主动脉及窦部横径均较术前减小,主动脉瓣对合良好,无明显反流;余4例患者复查超声心动图及CT均提示机械瓣启闭良好,人工血管通畅。5例患者得到随访,中位随访时间4（1～5）年,均生存。4例患者复查超声心动图均提示机械瓣启闭良好,无明确瓣周漏,人工血管通畅;1例主动脉瓣有少量反流。结论表现为单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全的主动脉夹层少见,术前易误诊,仔细分析病史结合辅助检查可在一定程度上避免误诊,手术中宜根据主动脉内膜撕裂及窦部破坏程度决定手术方式。     

升主动脉根部瘤的外科治疗

目的总结升主动脉根部瘤的外科治疗经验。方法101例升主动脉根部瘤患者（年龄14～72岁，平均年龄42．7岁）的主要病因为马方综合征（Marfan syndrome，58例），主动脉瓣环扩张症（34例），主动脉瓣二叶瓣畸形（5例），大动脉炎（4例）；术前有主动脉瓣关闭不全96例，主动脉瓣狭窄4例，术前合并有A型夹层26例，急性左心衰竭（5例）。手术类型：Wheat手术4例，传统或改良Cabrol手术13例，David手术1例，Bentall手术83例。同期行主动脉半弓置换术或降主动脉腔内支架植入术16例，全弓置换术或降主动脉腔内支架植入术4例，二尖瓣置换术或成形术14例，冠状动脉旁路移植术8例。结果全组手术死亡率为6．9％（7／101），2000年后降至3．6％（3／83）；术后主要并发症为低心排血量10例，呼吸功能不全9例，肾功能不全9例。术后随访94例，随访期间死亡1例，5例马方综合征患者术后出现B型夹层。结论Bentall手术是治疗升主动脉根部瘤的首选手术方法，术前左心功能及手术技术是影响手术效果的关键因素。     

保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部手术基础与临床

许多疾病，如高血压、先天性主动脉窦瘤、主动脉退行性变、主动脉夹层、马方综合征等可出现主动脉根部扩张，尽管其瓣膜本身未存在或只有轻微病变，最后均可导致主动脉瓣膜反流。对于瓣膜和瓣环本身无或只有轻微病变者，按照传统的手术观点和方式，大多采用带瓣人工血管移植术（Bentall术或Cabrol术），但带瓣人工血管置换改变了正常的生理结构及血流动力学，     

大动脉炎导致主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的　探讨大动脉炎导致主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗方法。方法　 1990年 12月至2 0 0 2年 7月 ,手术治疗大动脉炎致主动脉瓣关闭不全 2 0例 ,12例行主动脉瓣机械瓣置换术 (AVR) ;8例行主动脉根部置换术 (ARR) ,包括Bentall术 5例 ,Carbrol术 2例 ,David术 1例。结果　全组无手术死亡。平均随访 ( 2 4 14± 2 1 12 )个月 ,最长 6 1个月。术后发生瓣周漏或瓣撕脱 7例 ,全部为AVR术后。再次手术 7例 ,其中 3例因再次瓣周漏第 3次手术 ;死亡 4例 ,远期死亡率为 2 0 %。结论　恰当的手术时机、适宜的手术方法和长期抗炎治疗有助于提高大动脉炎导致主动脉瓣关闭不全病人的外科疗效。     

白塞氏病合并主动脉瓣置换术后瓣周漏的临床分析

目的总结白塞氏病所致主动脉瓣置换术后发生瓣周漏的外科治疗经验,探讨相关手术方式和解决方法。方法回顾性分析第二军医大学附属长海医院收治的4例白塞氏病所致主动脉瓣置换术后瓣周漏患者的临床资料,均为男性,年龄24~50岁(36±7岁)。其中3例为主动脉瓣重度关闭不全行主动脉瓣置换术后出现瓣周漏行改良Bentall手术,另1例为升主动脉瘤、主动脉瓣重度关闭不全行Wheat术后出现瓣周漏行改良Bentall手术。结果 4例患者术后恢复顺利,无并发症发生。均痊愈出院。术后随访1~24个月,心功能恢复至Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。3~6个月定期行超声心动图和全主动脉血管造影检查,未发现主动脉瓣周漏复发,人工机械瓣膜功能良好,人工主动脉血管通畅。结论白塞氏病合并主动脉瓣或升主动脉病变如单纯行心瓣膜置换术,术后人工瓣膜脱落的发生率较高,改良Bentall手术方式是解决问题的良好方法。     

Remodeling+Ring(改良Yacoub)技术治疗二叶式主动脉瓣反流合并升主动脉瘤一例

二叶式主动脉瓣患者常合并主动脉扩张,若主动脉瓣质量良好,可行保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部置换术.本文报道了1例35岁二叶式主动脉瓣反流合并升主动脉瘤男性患者行Remodeling+Ring(改良Yacoub)手术.患者术后第3d复查心脏彩色超声提示主动脉瓣无反流,术后第6d顺利出院.Remodeling+Ring手术保证了...     

经主动脉路径同期手术修复主动脉根部或主动脉瓣病变合并的中度功能性二尖瓣关闭不全

目的探讨经主动脉路径同期手术修复主动脉根部或主动脉瓣病变合并的中度功能性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术技术,分析随访结果。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2012年6月新华医院25例主动脉根部或主动脉瓣病变合并中度功能性二尖瓣关闭不全患者经手术治疗的临床资料,其中男18例,女7例;年龄42～75（57．9±9．6）岁。所有患者除主动脉根部或主动脉瓣病变均合并中度功能性二尖瓣关闭不全。Carpentier分型均为Ⅰ型。手术方法均在全身麻醉低温体外循环下行主动脉瓣置换或主动脉根部置换加二尖瓣成形术（均为经主动脉切口交界缝合成形）。通过门诊复查,电话等随访观察,评价二尖瓣及心脏结构和功能。结果术中食管超声心电图提示2例有残余微量反流,其余23例患者无反流,无瓣膜狭窄,成形效果满意。全组患者无死亡。术后复查超声心动图提示：左心房内径、左心室舒张期末内径与术前比较明显缩小（t=4．086,P=0．000;t=4．442,P=0．000）;左心室射血分数与术前比较有所降低（t=3．671,P=0．001）。术后二尖瓣瓣环直径与术前比较缩小[（32．4±3．6）mm vs．（35．6±6．4）mm]。术后二尖瓣瓣口压差[（1．4±0．7）mmHg vs．（1．5±0．7）mmHg],二尖瓣瓣口峰值压差[（3．7±2．2）mmHg vs．（3．3±1．5）mmHg]与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。患者出院后随访23例,随访率92％,随访时间7～92（50．4±25.3）个月;2例失访。随访期间出现二尖瓣轻度反流3例。最后一次随访二尖瓣瓣环直径（33．9±4．6）mm,二尖瓣瓣口压差（1．3±0．6）mmHg,二尖瓣瓣口峰值压差（3．6±2．3）mmHg。结论主动脉瓣或主动脉根部手术时,经主动脉路径修复中度功能性二尖瓣关闭不全安全、方便、有效。     

主动脉根部瘤外科治疗危险因素和疗效评估

目的 评估主动脉根部瘤外科治疗危险因素和疗效.方法 1996年8月至2009年11月,连续92例主动脉根部瘤手术中男56例,女36例;年龄14～77岁,平均(44.8±1.4)岁.合并主动脉夹层动脉瘤45例,中度以上主动脉瓣关闭不全72例,马方综合征47例.行经典Bentall术59例,纽扣法Bentall术13例,主动脉瓣悬吊术14例,用带主动脉窦人工血管作David Ⅰ术6例.结果 住院死亡8.7%,并发症率31.7%.随访期死亡18例,远期并发症12例.单变量分析术后并发症危险因素为男性、非马方综合征、同期手术、深低温停循环、主动脉阻断≥120 min和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml;住院死亡危险因素为紧急手术、同期手术、主动脉阻断≥120 min、主动脉夹层和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml.Logistic多因素回归分析认为同期手术和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml是并发症和住院死亡危险因素.所有病人1年、5年和10年生存率分别为(97.1±2.0)%、(88.1±4.7)%和(54.0±9.2)%,平均生存(9.9±0.6)年,95%可信区间8.7～11.0.结论 各种主动脉根部瘤手术安全、有效,早、中、长期结果较满意,提倡用纽扣法Bentall术,谨慎选择合适病人作主动脉根部重建术.

Abstract：

Objective Evaluate the outcome of aortic root reconstruction on the analysis of the risk factors influencing surgical results. Methods Between August 1996 and November 2009, 92 patients(56 men, 36 women) aged from 14 to 77years [mean (44.8 ±1.4) years] with aortic root aneurysm underwent aortic root reconstruction. 72 patients had over moderate aortic valve insufficiency. 47 patients suffered from Marfan syndrome. The aortic pathology was aortic dissection in 45. Bentall technique was used in 59 patients, the button technique in 13, the David I with the Valsalva graft in 6 patients and the aortic valve resuspension in 14 patients. Results The hospital mortality rate was 8.7%. The major complications 31. 7%. 18patients died during the period of follow-up. Late complications among 55 survivors were 12. Univariate predictors of the morbidity were the presence of male, non-Marfan, concomitant procedure, deep hypothermia cardiac arrest, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Risk facts for mortality were emergent or urgent operation, aortic dissection, concomitant procedure, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Multivariate analysis revealed risk factors of concomitant procedure and blood infusion were responsible for both morbidity and mortality. The overall long-term survival rate is (97.1 ±2.0)% at 1-year, (88.1 ±4.7)% at 5-year, (54.0 ±9.2)% at 10-year. The mean for survival time is (9.9 ±0.59) years, 95% confidence interval 8.70 -11.01. Conclusion The aortic root restitution procedures are safe and effective in general. The short and long-term outcome is satisfactory. The button technique is the first choice for reimplantation coronary patch. Valve-sparring aortic root reconstructions show promise in safety and applicability.     

Ruxolitinib withdrawal complicating emergency aortic root replacement

Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is associated with severe withdrawal phenomena. Adequate tapering is often underemphasized in surgical emergencies and can complicate the postoperative course. We present a case of acute ruxolitinib withdrawal in a gentleman undergoing emergency cardiac surgery     

主动脉根部CTA影像评估在主动脉瓣成形术中的应用价值

目的探索主动脉根部CT血管造影(CTA)在术前评估中的应用,并与二维超声数据对比,评价两者与术中外科测量数据的相关程度。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年8月期间,在我院行主动脉瓣成形术的53例主动脉瓣病变患者的临床资料,其中男38例、女15例,年龄10～77(42.9±18.3)岁。收集术前经胸二维超声和主动脉根部CTA对主动脉根部测量的数据,包括主动脉瓣环(AVA)、主动脉窦(Sinus)、窦管交界(STJ)。通过与术中实际测量的数据比较,做一致性分析。结果术前心脏超声AVA测量值和术前CT AVA测量值与术中AVA测量值均呈正相关(P<0.001)。与术前心脏超声AVA测量值相比[相关系数(ρ)=0.74,均方误差(MSE)=12.78],术前CT AVA测量值保持了较高准确性,以及与术中AVA测量值的一致性(ρ=0.95,MSE=2.72)。在与术中AVA测量值的相关系数方面,术前CT高于经胸二维超声(P<0.001)。结论和经胸二维超声相比,主动脉根部CTA应用于主动脉瓣成形的术前评估数据,与外科术中实际测量的数据具有更高的一致性和准确性。     

Long-term outcomes after ascending aortic replacement and aortic root replacement for type A aortic dissection

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESWe investigated whether the selective use of supracoronary ascending aorta replacement achieves late outcomes comparable to those of aortic root replacement for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD).METHODSPatients who underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection from 2005 to 2018 at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, were included in this analysis. Late mortality was evaluated with the Kaplan–Meier method and proximal aortic reoperation, i.e. operation on the aortic root or aortic valve, with the competing risk method.RESULTSOut of 309 patients, 216 underwent supracoronary ascending aortic replacement and 93 had aortic root replacement. At 10 years, mortality was 33.8% after aortic root replacement and 35.2% after ascending aortic replacement (P = 0.806, adjusted hazard ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval, 0.77–2.02), and the cumulative incidence of proximal aortic reoperation was 6.0% in the aortic root replacement group and 6.2% in the ascending aortic replacement group (P = 0.65; adjusted subdistributional hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.15–1.89). Among 71 propensity score matched pairs, 10-year survival was 34.4% after aortic root replacement and 36.2% after ascending aortic replacement surgery (P = 0.70). Cumulative incidence of proximal aortic reoperation was 7.0% after aortic root replacement and 13.0% after ascending aortic replacement surgery (P = 0.22). Among 102 patients with complete imaging data [mean follow-up, 4.7 (3.2) years], the estimated growth rate of the aortic root diameter was 0.22 mm/year, that of its area 7.19 mm²/year and that of its perimeter 0.43 mm/year.CONCLUSIONSWhen stringent selection criteria were used to determine the extent of proximal aortic reconstruction, aortic root replacement and ascending aortic replacement for type A aortic dissection achieved comparable clinical outcomes.     

Our experience with aortic root replacement using hand-sewn composite valve graft

Background The purpose of this study is to examine our experience with aortic root replacement using composite valve grafts in patients with proximal aortic disease. Methods and Results Since 1986, 16 patients underwent aortic root replacement using composite valve grafts for various indications which were Marfan's syndrome with annuloaortic ectasia (n=2), aortic regurgitation with ascending aortic aneurysm (n=3), aortic stenosis with regurgitation with poststenotic dilatation (n=9) and progressive aortic dilatation following AVR (n=2). There were 12 males and 4 females. The age range varied between 19 years and 52 years. The choice of conduit was a custom made valved graft using a monoleaflet tilting disc valve (Medtronic Hall valve=11, St Vincent's valve=3, TTK Chitra=1 and Bjork Shiley Valve=1) placed in a Dacron graft (Hemashield=13, Verisoft Cooley=3) prepared using a 4-0 polypropylene suture. The average time taken to construct a valved graft was 20 min±8 min. The coronary implantation was by isolated button technique. There was no size mismatch encountered in any patients. Postoperative bleeding necessitated a delayed sternal closure in 3 patients and re-exploration in another 2. The immediate operative mortality was 2, the cause being ventricular arrhythmia in one and cerebrovascular accident in other. Follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 16 years with a median follow-up of 12 months. One patient had an asymptomatic perigraft collection and no intervention was needed. There was no valve related complications in any of these patients. There was one late death of unknown cause. Conclusions Aortic root replacement using a custom made composite graft offers excellent long-term results, with negligible mortality rate and prosthesis related complications. Custom made grafts make this conduit easily affordable in our country and their performance is comparable to other available composite grafts.     

Twenty-four year experience with reoperations after ascending aortic or aortic root replacement

Objective: A retrospective analysis of early and late outcome for late (>4 weeks) reoperations on the ascending aorta or aortic root. Materials and methods: During a 24-year interval, starting in 1974, 834 patients underwent replacement of the ascending aorta (39.2%) or aortic root (60.8%). During the same period, 56 patients with a mean age of 51.1±14.4 years underwent reoperation after ascending aortic or aortic root replacement. Predominant indications for reoperation were false aneurysm in 25 (44.6%) patients and true aneurysm in 18 (32.1%) patients. Most frequent surgical procedures were redo aortic root replacement in 30 (53.6%) patients and closure of a false aneurysm in 14 (25.0%) patients. Median interval between the operations was 51 months. Eighteen (32.2%) patients underwent concomitant partial or total aortic arch replacement. Results: Hospital mortality was 5.4% (n=3; 70% CL: 2.4–8.4%). Cause of death was low cardiac output in two patients and rupture of the aorta at the distal suture line in one patient. Univariate analysis identified two or more previous operations (P=0.038) and the interval between initial operation and reoperation for complication of less than 8 months (P=0.005) as risk factors for hospital death. Multivariate analysis indicated operation for active endocarditis or vascular graft infection as an independent risk factor for hospital death (P=0.038, odds 14.6). Follow-up was complete, median 3.1 years. Nine (16.9%; 70% CL: 11.7–22.1%) patients died during that period. Estimated survival at 1, 5 and 10 years was 91.2, 84.0 and 76.4%. One patient underwent another reoperation. Estimated event-free survival at 1, 5 and 10 year is 84.3, 72.2 and 65.6%. Conclusion: False aneurysm formation and progression of aneurysmatic disease are the predominant causes for late reoperations after aortic root or ascending aortic replacement. Reoperations can be performed with low hospital mortality and good late results.     

Stanford A 型主动脉夹层手术中的主动脉根部处理

目的 总结Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中主动脉根部处理的临床经验.方法 根据主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部的程度及主动脉根部基础病变,对59例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人进行主动脉根部处理.Bentall手术31例,Wheat手术15例,David手术13例.结果 手术死亡1例(1.72%).术后一过性精神状态异常17例;术后感染2例,1例死亡;胸骨哆开1例;单侧下肢血供障碍1例,二期行股股分流术后恢复正常.出院前复查心脏彩超、主动脉CT血管成像及心电图,均正常.随访2～54个月,4例死于非心源性疾病,余者正常.结论 根据主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部的程度及主动脉根部基础病变,制定相应处理方案,可显著提高手安全性并改善预后.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience of aortic root surgery in Stanford A aortic dissection operations.Methods From January 2005 to September 2010, the clinical data of 59 patients with Stanford A aortic dissection was analyzed. There were 43 men and 16 women , ranging in age from 21 to 74 years old, duration of disease varied from 16 hours to 27 days. Among the group, 31 complicated by aortic valve incompetence, 12 Marfan syndrome, 9 single lower limb blood supply dysfunction, 6 right coronary artery involvement. All cases received aortic root surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Bentall procedure was performed in 31 patients, Wheat procedure in 15 patients and David procedure in 13 patients.Results The time of cardiopulmonary bypass in the group was 149 to 204 min with an average of ( 171 ± 19) min,and the cross clamp time was 81 to 122 min with an average of (104 ±13) min, and the arrest time was 30 to 47 min with an average of (39 ±7) min. There was 1 case of operative death, which was treated on an emergency basis. Postoperative complications occurred in 20 cases. 17 cases experienced temporary mental dysfunction, 2 cases were infected with MRS A, 1 of which died from MODS, 1 case of single lower limb blood supply dysfunction remained after the first operation and recovered by reoperation (bilateral femoral bypass operation) . All cases were reexamined before discharge, postoperative mean LVEF was (56. 3 ±3.4)% (ranged 51% -62%), aortic annular diameter varied from 22 mm to 27 mm, aortic sinus diameter range from 23 mm to 31mm. 51 patients were followed up, with a mean follow-up time of (24.9 ± 17.2) months (ranged 2-54 months). 54 patients of Stanford A aortic dissection survived well with normal lives and activities. Four non cardiac deaths, one was chronic renal failure, the others were brain hemorrhage. Conclusion Prognosis and operative security of Stanford A aortic dissection patients can be significantly improved by individualized aortic root surgery.     

Aortic valve leaflet sparing and salvage surgery: evolution of techniques for aortic root reconstruction

Over the past 20 years, a series of procedures have been designed to reconstruct the aortic root of patients with aortic insufficiency, in whom the pathology and hence the surgery spares the valve leaflets. Such techniques have various names. Usually ‘valve sparing’ is used in context with chronic aortic dissection or aortic root aneurysm as in patients with Marfan's syndrome. ‘Aortic valve salvage’ tends to be the term of choice for similar surgical reconstruction in the setting of aortic dissection. ‘Aortic valve repair’ is often chosen when direct surgical procedures are performed on the leaflets themselves. All of the techniques have evolved based upon an increased understanding of the functional anatomy of the aortic root complex. The different technical approaches, their applications and results need to be understood by the cardiology community. The failure modes for such techniques are specific and different from prosthetic valve failure modes, but are adequately followed with echocardiography. Over two-thirds of patients remain free of re-development of significant aortic insufficiency at 8–10 years following surgery. The overall patient survival is more dependent upon the underlying cardiovascular status of the patient than the surgical technique itself. Perioperative mortalities vary between 0 and 6% and are comparable to composite valve+graft techniques and isolated aortic valve replacement, in which the operative mortality approximates 3.3–4%. Long-term results are good to excellent and spare the patient anticoagulation and prosthetic valve disease.     

Bilateral subdural hematoma following aortic root and subtotal aortic arch replacement

We report herein a case of subdural hematoma following aortic root and subtotal aortic arch replacement with selective cerebral perfusion in a 78-year-old woman. Her level of consciousness gradually deteriorated on postoperative day (POD) 2. Subdural hematoma, including fresh bleeding in bilateral frontal and parietal regions, was detected on brain computed tomography (CT) on POD 3. No head injury had been sustained previously. As the brain was not under pressure and disturbance of consciousness improved the next day, she was observed conservatively with follow-up brain CT. The subdural hematoma disappeared within about 2 months. The patient recovered completely and was discharged without sequelae.