人卵巢癌干细胞的分离培养和初步鉴定

目的:从人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3中分离培养卵巢癌干细胞,并鉴定其生物学性质。方法:卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞在含有生长因子的无血清培养基(SFM)中悬浮培养得到肿瘤细胞球。流式细胞术、Transwell小室侵袭实验分别检测SKOV-3细胞及其细胞球CD44和CD117的表达,筛选细胞表面标记物和观察体外侵袭能力;将肿瘤细胞球传代扩增,并用含血清培养基(SSM)培养促使其分化,并将细胞球和普通SKOV-3细胞分别接种于96孔板,CCK-8法检测增殖能力及其耐药性。结果:卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞能在SFM中形成可以稳定传代的细胞球,并显示很强的自我更新和增殖能力,含血清环境能够诱导其分化而贴壁生长;肿瘤细胞球中高表达CD44和CD117抗原标记,特别是CD44,其侵袭能力显著高于正常SKOV-3细胞(P0.05);细胞球对顺铂具有更强的耐药性,将顺铂作用于细胞球及贴壁分化细胞24,48及72h后,细胞球抑制率分别为2.59%,8.43%,12.08%,显著低于分化贴壁细胞(抑制率分别为10.73%,28.13%,39.17%),分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用无血清悬浮培养法从人卵巢癌细胞系中获取的细胞球,可能含有一小部分具有增殖和分化能力的卵巢癌干细胞,多表达CD44和CD117抗原标记,且CD44更具有特异性。     

紫花牡荆素体外抑制人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的研究

目的:探讨紫花牡荆素(casticin)体外抑制人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的效应及其机制。方法:MTT法检测casticin对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞增殖的抑制;Hoechest33258染色观察细胞凋亡形态学改变;流式细胞术(FCM)检测casticin处理HO-8910细胞的凋亡率;Western blotting分析caspase-3、CyclinB1、p21蛋白表达变化。结果:casticin对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞增殖有较强的抑制作用,呈剂量和时间依赖性。经casticin作用48h后HO-8910细胞表现出典型的凋亡形态特征,并剂量依赖性地增加亚二倍峰,降低CyclinB1蛋白表达,增高caspase-3和p21表达。结论:casticin通过降低CyclinB1表达、活化p21和caspase-3抑制HO-8910细胞增殖并诱导凋亡。     

低氧环境对人上皮性卵巢癌细胞株上皮间质转化及侵袭能力的影响及机制探讨

目的:探讨低氧环境对人卵巢癌细胞上皮间质转化(EMT)和侵袭能力的影响及可能机制。方法:培养人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3、3AO,将每株细胞分为对照组、Co Cl2(模拟低氧环境)组、VPL(钙离子拮抗剂)组和VPL+Co Cl2组。采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测Co Cl2对SKOV-3、3AO细胞生长情况的影响;倒置相差显微镜下观察低氧后细胞形态的改变;采用Western blot法检测SKOV-3、3AO细胞中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、转录因子Twist、上皮型钙黏蛋白(E-cad)及神经型钙黏蛋白(N-cad)表达的变化;体外侵袭实验穿膜小室(Transwell小室)检测细胞的侵袭能力。结果:Co Cl2作用后,两种细胞的存活率均较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。低氧环境下,部分细胞伸出伪足,呈多角形,细胞排列松散、紊乱。Co Cl2能体外模拟细胞低氧环境,诱导HIF-1α蛋白高表达。SKOV-3、3AO细胞中,Co C12组中HIF-1α、Twist、N-cad蛋白表达明显高于对照组、Co C12+VPL组(P0.01,P0.05);E-cad蛋白表达明显低于对照组、Co C12+VPL组(P0.01,P0.05);VPL组与对照组相比,各蛋白表达的变化无明显差异(P0.05)。Co C12组两种细胞的穿膜数均显著多于对照组、Co C12+VPL组(P0.01,P0.05)。结论:钙信号途径参与了低氧环境下HIF-1α调节卵巢癌SKOV-3、3AO细胞中Twist的表达,从而诱导这两种细胞EMT的发生并增强其侵袭能力。     

CUL4A促进人卵巢癌细胞侵袭转移及其机制探讨

目的:检测Cullin 4A(CUL4A)表达对卵巢癌细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响,并初步探讨其相关分子机制。方法:Western blot法检测人卵巢癌细胞株中CUL4A表达,设计合成靶向CUL4A的特异性shRNA,构建稳定低表达CUL4A的卵巢癌细胞株。Western blot和荧光定量PCR验证干扰效率;划痕实验及Transwell法检测下调CUL4A后细胞的迁移及侵袭能力;Western blot和荧光定量PCR检测上皮间质转化(EMT)相关指标及上游信号分子Snail、ZEB1变化。结果:SKOV-3、OV2008、ES-2、OVCAR-3卵巢癌细胞中CUL4A表达均高于正常卵巢上皮细胞HOSE,且以SKOV-3表达水平最高。shRNA转染SKOV-3细胞后,CUL4A的mRNA及蛋白水平显著下降,细胞迁移和侵袭能力明显受到抑制;E-cadherin表达增加,N-cadherin、Vimentin、Snail和ZEB1表达均显著降低。结论:CUL4A可促进卵巢癌细胞的迁移和侵袭,其分子机制可能与调节EMT的上游信号分子Snail及ZEB1有关,提示CUL4A在卵巢癌的发生发展中起着重要的作用。     

卵巢癌细胞中司妥昔单抗对白细胞介素-6介导的基因表达的影响

目的:探讨抗白细胞介素-6(IL-6)单克隆抗体司妥昔单抗(siltuximab)对IL-6介导的基因表达的影响。方法:采用Affymetrix人类基因组表达谱芯片U133 Plus 2.0,检测经IL-6处理的卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3(SKOV-3+IL-6)和Caov-3(Caov-3+IL-6)中相关基因的表达水平。通过Taq Man实时定量PCR分析,研究siltuximab对卵巢癌细胞株(SKOV-3、Caov-3)中IL-6介导的基因表达的影响。结果:1经Affymetrix人类基因组测定:经IL-6处理后,SKOV-3+IL-6和Caov-3+IL-6细胞株中分别有506个和674个基因上调,其中27个基因在两种细胞株中均表现出10倍上调。2经siltuximab处理后,在SKOV-3+IL-6+siltuximab和Caov-3+IL-6+siltuximab细胞株中,分别有634个和679个基因出现10倍降调,还有31个基因在两种细胞中均表现出10倍降调。3对在两种细胞株中经IL-6处理后均过度表达的多肽三烯B4(UGT2B4)和ATP细胞膜钙转运2(ATP2B2)基因经siltuximab处理后,Taq Man实时定量PCR示,SKOV-3+IL-6+siltuximab和Caov-3+IL-6+siltuximab细胞株中UGT2B4基因的表达分别降调3倍和17倍,ATP2B2基因的表达分别降调10倍和7倍。结论:IL-6在卵巢癌发生发展中发挥着一定作用,是治疗卵巢癌的一个重要的靶点。siltuximab可以有效地阻断IL-6介导的UGT2B4和ATP2B2基因在这些细胞中的表达,可能为卵巢癌的基因治疗提供新思路。     

5-氟尿嘧啶在体外对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3自噬过程的诱导作用

目的:探讨化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3自噬的诱导作用及其机制。方法:应用吖啶橙染色、间接免疫荧光技术观察50μmol/L5-FU处理48 h对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3自噬过程的影响;并通过Western blotting检测5-FU对SKOV3细胞中微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)和自噬相关蛋白Beclin1表达水平的影响。结果:5-FU作用后SKOV3细胞产生明显的酸性区域,LC3定位的荧光亮点增多,细胞内Beclin1和LC3蛋白表达量也显著增加。结论:5-FU可能通过增加SKOV3细胞酸性区域的数量、促进细胞内Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达而诱导SKOV3细胞自噬。     

5-Fluorouracil Induces the Autophagy of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells SKOV3 in in vitro

目的:探讨化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3自噬的诱导作用及其机制.方法:应用吖啶橙染色、间接免疫荧光技术观察50μmol/L5-FU处理48h对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3自噬过程的影响;并通过Western blotting检测5-FU对SKOV3细胞中微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)和自噬相关蛋白Beclin1表达水平的影响.结果:5-FU作用后SKOV3细胞产生明显的酸性区域,LC3定位的荧光亮点增多,细胞内Beclin1和LC3蛋白表达量也显著增加.结论:5-FU可能通过增加SKOV3细胞酸性区域的数量、促进细胞内Beclin1、LC3蛋白表达而诱导SKOV3细胞自噬.     

十溴联苯醚BDE-209对人卵巢癌细胞及仓鼠卵巢上皮细胞生长的影响

目的:探讨十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对人卵巢癌细胞株OVCAR-3及中国仓鼠卵巢上皮细胞株CHO细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。方法:采用MTT检测法、免疫荧光化学检测法以及流式细胞仪等方法观察不同浓度BDE-209(0～100nmol/L)作用于OVCAR-3和CHO细胞0～72h,其细胞形态学变化、OD值改变、K i67表达变化及细胞周期的变化。结果:(1)0～100nmol/L BDE-209作用于细胞72h,倒置显微镜下观察随着浓度增高细胞增殖明显,细胞间隙变小甚至消失,细胞密集排布,细胞形态变小;(2)MTT法检测发现BDE-209促进两种细胞增殖,其增殖率呈时间依赖性和浓度依赖性;(3)0～100nmol/L BDE-209作用72h后,K i67阳性细胞数量增多,表达强度增强,呈现浓度依赖性;(4)流式细胞术检测发现BDE-209改变了细胞周期分布,OVCAR-3细胞G2/M期及CHO细胞S期细胞比例明显增高,且增殖指数(PI)随药物浓度增加而升高。结论:BDE-209明显促进OVCAR-3细胞和CHO细胞体外增殖,并使G2/M期或S期细胞比例增加。     

miR-410对上皮性卵巢癌生物学行为影响及调控作用的实验研究

目的:探讨miR-410对上皮性卵巢癌生物学功能的影响及调控作用。方法:检测上皮性卵巢癌组织和正常卵巢组织,以及卵巢癌SKOV3细胞和对照IOSE80细胞中miR-410表达水平。建立过表达miR-410瞬转SKOV3细胞体系,MTT法检测卵巢癌细胞增殖能力,Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力,细胞划痕实验观察细胞迁移能力,Western blot法测定细胞中CCNB1蛋白表达水平。通过OncoLnc数据库评估卵巢癌患者的miR-410表达数据,分析miR-410对卵巢癌患者预后的影响。结果:卵巢癌组织中miR-410表达水平显著低于正常组织(P<0.05);SKOV3细胞中miR-410表达水平显著低于正常卵巢上皮IOSE80细胞(P<0.05)。转染后第2、3、4天,过表达miR-410组的SKOV3细胞增殖能力明显受到抑制(P<0.05);转染48h后,对照组和过表达组的穿膜细胞数分别为292.157±19.069、103.874±11.253,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);划痕48h后,对照组与过表达miR-410组的迁移指数(MI)分别为(91.05±17.22)%和(59.36±11.29)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。转染miR-410后,SKOV3细胞中CCNB1蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。miR-410低表达组卵巢癌患者与高表达组相比,总生存时间显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:上调miR-410表达可通过调控CCNB1抑制卵巢癌细胞的增殖与侵袭,低表达miR-410卵巢癌患者的总生存时间显著降低。     

Effect of carbon dioxide on human ovarian carcinoma cell growth

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopy may be associated with increased risk of ovarian carcinoma wound metastases. This study was designed to determine whether carbon dioxide exposure increases the growth of human ovarian cancer cells in vitro. STUDY DESIGN: Immortalized ovarian epithelial carcinoma cell (SKOV-3 cell line) cultures were exposed to carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or culture media with decreased pH for up to 3 hours. Cell growth was determined with the use of a spectrophotometric assay, and the results were compared with control cells by paired t tests and linear regressions analysis. RESULTS: Carbon dioxide exposure increased SKOV-3 cell growth by 52% after 4 days in culture. The increased cell growth had a linear relationship to the length of carbon dioxide exposure. Cells that were exposed to either nitrous oxide or media with pH 6.3 showed a trend toward decreased growth. CONCLUSION: Carbon dioxide exposure increases the in vitro growth of human ovarian carcinoma cells by an effect that is independent of the carbon dioxide-related decrease in the culture media pH.     

Oestrogen receptor α mediates 17β-estradiol enhancement of ovarian cancer cell motility through up-regulation of survivin expression

Objective

To determine the role of oestrogen receptor ?? (ER??) in the regulation of survivin expression by 17??-estradiol (E₂) in ovarian cancer cells and to evaluate the mechanism of E₂ action on ovarian cancer cell migration.

Methods

We performed RT-PCR and Western blot analysis to assess the expression of ER?? in the ovarian cancer cell lines NIH:OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3. Full-length ER?? cDNA was reintroduced into SKOV-3 cells through stable transfection. After treatment with E₂, with or without pre-incubation of anti-oestrogen compound ICI 182780, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect survivin expression at the mRNA and protein levels. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to inhibit the expression of survivin in SKOV-3 cells. Wound healing-induced migration and Matrigel invasion experiments were performed to determine the motility of ovarian cancer cells. RT-PCR and gelatin zymography were used to detect the expression and activity of MMP-9 in SKOV-3 cells.

Results

A stably transfected clone with over-expression of ER??, SKOV-??, was isolated. Exogenous or endogenous expression of ER?? in SKOV-3 or NIH:OVCAR-3 cells resulted in a significant up-regulation of survivin in the presence of E₂. Pre-treatment with ICI 182780 attenuated the up-regulation of survivin by E₂. Previous data from our laboratory showed that E₂ enhanced the motility of ovarian cancer cells. RNAi strongly inhibited survivin expression in SKOV-3 cells. Knock-down of survivin expression reduced the migration and invasion of SKOV-3 cells, which correlated with down-regulation of MMP9 mRNA expression and activity.

Conclusions

ER?? may be responsible for the up-regulation of survivin after E₂ treatment in ovarian cancer cells. The mechanism of oestrogen-promoted ovarian cancer metastasis may due to the up-regulation of survivin conducted through the ER?? signalling pathway.     

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt regulates the balance between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and urokinase to promote migration of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells

OBJECTIVES: Increased levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are associated with shortened overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. Additionally, elevated levels of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a uPA inhibitor, have also been correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in ovarian cancer. Therefore, it is critical to understand the signaling pathways that regulate PAI-1 and uPA expression in cancer cell migration-invasion. METHODS: We studied the PI3K/Akt, Rho kinase/ROCK, p38 MAPK and MEK pathways and their modulation of PAI-1 and uPA expression and wound-induced cell migration in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. The PI3K/Akt pathway was further examined using pharmacological inhibitors (LY294002 and wortmannin), Akt siRNA, constitutively active Akt adenovirus and treatment with IGF-1/insulin in the SKOV-3 cells. RESULTS: The PI3K/Akt pathway negatively regulates PAI-1 expression and positively correlates with migratory abilities and uPA expression in SKOV-3 cells. A reduction in active Akt results in an increase in PAI-1 expression coupled with a decrease in uPA expression to ultimately result in reduced cell migration and invasion. By contrast, an increase in Akt activity reduces PAI-1 expression and results in an increase in SKOV-3 wound-induced cell migration. Furthermore, IGF-1 and insulin stimulated SKOV-3 migration by altering the balance between uPA and PAI-1 to favor uPA, and the enhanced migration was attenuated by treatment with LY294002 indicating PI3K/Akt in this pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an overall ovarian tumor-protective role for PAI-1, and that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulates the ratio of PAI-1:uPA to either increase or decrease cell migration.     

KDM5B基因在卵巢癌中的表达及其对卵巢癌耐药能力的影响

目的:检测组蛋白去甲基化转移酶KDM5B(JARID1B/PLU-1)在正常卵巢、卵巢癌组织及细胞株中的表达,以及其对卵巢癌细胞株耐药能力的影响。方法:RT-q PCR法检测KDM5B在36例卵巢癌、15例正常卵巢、6例术后化疗耐药复发患者组织及卵巢上皮细胞株IOSE和5株卵巢癌细胞中的表达情况;构建p MSCVpuro-KDM5B过表达质粒和p GIPZ-sh1、p GIPZ-sh2干扰质粒,并筛选得到稳定过表达的SKOV3和稳定干扰的Caov3细胞株,RT-q PCR和Western blot法鉴定调控效果;用浓度梯度递增的顺铂处理SKOV3过表达和Caov3干扰细胞株,CCK-8法检测顺铂半抑制浓度(IC50)变化。结果:RTq PCR结果示,正常卵巢组织中KDM5B相对表达量(1.950±0.3003)低于卵巢癌组织(4.924±0.2989),差异有统计学意义(t=5.909,P0.0001)。KDM5B表达量与卵巢癌患者的FIGO分期、病理分级、转移和耐药发生明显相关,与患者年龄、CA125水平不相关。6例复发患者中,5例KDM5B表达明显升高(P0.001)。KDM5B的mRNA和蛋白水平在卵巢上皮性细胞株IOSE中最低,在卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3、HO-8910、ES-2、A2780、Caov3中表达逐渐增加。RT-q PCR结果示,SKOV3过表达组的KDM5B表达量为对照组的27.4倍,Caov3干扰sh1和sh2组分别为对照组的0.38和0.41倍,Western blot也显示过表达和干扰有效。用浓度梯度递增的顺铂处理Caov3细胞株,KDM5B表达量随顺铂浓度增加而逐渐升高;检测SKOV3细胞株KDM5B过表达组IC50为3.666(95%CI为3.067~4.382)μg/ml高于对照组[1.676(95%CI为1.553~1.810)μg/ml],Caov3细胞株干扰sh1组和sh2组分别为3.359(95%CI为2.875~3.925)μg/ml、2.881(95%CI为2.49~3.324)μg/ml,均低于对照组[6.972(95%CI为6.182~7.864)]。结论:组蛋白去甲基化转移酶KDM5B在卵巢癌中表达升高,并且具有促进卵巢癌细胞株耐药的作用。     

人重组IFN-γ对STAT-1在卵巢癌细胞中表达调控的研究

目的:研究IFN-γ对卵巢癌耐药细胞株SKOV3TS及敏感细胞株SKOV3中STAT-1表达的调控。方法:应用RT-PCR方法、细胞免疫荧光法检测SKOV3TS与SKOV3在IFN-γ作用前后STAT-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达。用MTT法检测不同浓度IFN-γ作用卵巢癌细胞株不同时间后对细胞增殖率的影响。结果:卵巢癌SKOV3TS、SKOV3细胞株均有STAT-1表达,且主要集中于胞浆。并且随着IFN-γ作用时间延长,STAT-1蛋白表达增强。IFN-γ作用两种细胞株24h及48h后STAT-1 mRNA表达均增加,且差异有统计学意义(P0.01),但不同浓度IFN-γ作用相同时间后STAT-1 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。IFN-γ可显著抑制SKOV3TS和SKOV3细胞增殖,也呈时间依赖性(P0.01)。IFN-γ对SKOV3组的抑制率较SKOV3TS组高(P0.05)。结论:IFN-γ能够促进STAT-1表达,抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖。     

Anticancer effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on ovarian carcinoma cell lines

Purpose: A constituent of green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been known to possess anti-cancer properties. In this study, we investigated the time-course anticancer effects of EGCG on human ovarian cancer cells to provide insights into the molecular-level understanding of growth suppression mechanism involved in EGCG-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Methods: Three human ovarian cancer cell lines (p53 negative, SKOV-3 cells; mutant type p53, OVCAR-3 cells; and wild type p53, PA-1 cells) were used. The effect of EGCG treatment was studied via cell count assay, cell cycle analysis, FACS, Western blot, and macroarray assay. Results: EGCG exerts a significant role in suppressing ovarian cancer cell growth. Also, EGCG showed growth inhibitory effects in each cell line in a dose-dependent fashion and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The cell cycle was arrested at the G(1) phase by EGCG in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. In contrast, the cell cycle was arrested in the G(1)/S phase arrest in PA-1 cells. EGCG differentially regulated the expression of genes and proteins (Bax, p21, Retinoblastoma, cyclin D1, CDK4, Bcl-X(L)) more than 2-fold, showing a possible gene regulatory role of EGCG. The continual expression in p21WAF1 suggests that EGCG acts in the same way with p53 proteins to facilitate apoptosis after EGCG treatment. And Bax, PCNA, and Bcl-X are important in EGCG-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, CDK4 and Rb are not important in ovarian cancer cell growth inhibition. Conclusion: EGCG can inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest as well as regulation of cell cycle-related proteins. Thereby, the EGCG-mediated apoptosis can be applied to an advanced strategy in the development of a potential drug against ovarian cancer.