完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术

目的 探讨完全乳晕入路行腔镜甲状腺切除的可行性.方法 2005年4月至2008年9月,对28例美容要求较高的女性患者施行完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除手术,平均年龄22.5(18～38)岁,其中结节性甲状腺肿25例,原发甲状腺功能亢进2例,甲状腺微小乳头状癌1例.观察和取标本孔位于右侧乳晕内缘(10 mm),右侧乳晕外缘(5 mm)及左侧乳晕上缘(5 mm)为操作孔.观察总结28例患者的手术结果.结果 28例患者手术均成功,行甲状腺单叶腺体切除术5例、单叶次全切除术15例、双叶次全切除术3例、单叶近全切除+对侧叶次全切除术4例、单叶全切+中央区淋巴结清扫+对侧叶次全切除术l例.平均手术时间60.7 min(40～125 min),平均出血5.8 ml(2～15 ml),术后住院时间3.1 d(2～5 d).无甲状旁腺和喉返神经损伤等并发症出现.术后随访1～40个月无复发,全部患者均对切口美容效果表示满意.结论 完全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除手术具有较佳美容效果,安全可行.     

微波刀在甲状腺手术中的应用

我院于1993年2月至1997年5月间,利用微波刀施行甲状腺手术235例。其中甲状腺机能亢进症41例,结节性甲状腺肿75例,甲状腺腺瘤或囊腺瘤110例,桥本氏病2例,甲状腺癌7例。共施行甲状腺次全切除术118例,甲状腺腺叶次全切除或全切除117例。甲状腺切割时间一般在5～70秒,出血约5～10毫升,无一例因术中出血而输血。无手术合并症,收到了较好的效果。本文除总结了微波刀在甲状腺手术中的应用使手术时间大大缩短,出血少,无合并症,操作简单等优点外,还就其使用技巧及防微波泄漏等问题进行了探讨。     

经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺切除术25例报告

目的:总结初期开展经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的经验。方法:回顾分析为25例患者经胸乳入路行腔镜甲状腺切除术的临床资料。结果:23例成功完成手术,1例因术中出血中转开放手术,1例术中冰冻切片病理提示甲状腺癌,中转行扩大腺叶切除术。手术时间50~170m in,平均83m in;行单侧甲状腺部分切除术17例,双侧甲状腺部分切除或次全切除术7例。术后出现喉返神经暂时性损伤1例,皮下气肿1例。结论:经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术美容效果好,手术安全,并发症少,是较理想的腔镜甲状腺手术。     

经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术26例报道

目的探讨经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术的可行性。方法2003年3月-2005年9月，采用经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术26例。结节位于甲状腺右叶13例，左叶10例，双侧叶结节1例，原发性甲状腺功能亢进（Ⅰ度）2例；单发结节9例，多发结节15例；囊性结节5例，实性结节13例，囊实混合性6例；结节直径1-4cm。术前诊断甲状腺腺瘤9例，结节性甲状腺肿15例，原发性甲状腺功能亢进2例，无临床诊断甲状腺癌。结果镜下手术成功25例，手术时间50-210min，平均112min，行甲状腺肿瘤摘除4例，单侧甲状腺大部分切除10例，双侧甲状腺大部分切除8例，甲状腺双叶次全切除加峡部切除3例；中转开放手术1例，为术中发现甲状腺癌并侵犯气管。病理诊断甲状腺腺瘤4例，结节性甲状腺肿18例，原发性甲状腺功能亢进2例，甲状腺癌2例。术后24—48h拔除引流管，无神经或甲状旁腺损伤等并发症。26例术后住院3—6d，平均4．2d。25例随访3～33个月，平均13个月，无局部复发，美容效果满意。2例甲状腺癌随访9、11个月，无复发转移。结论经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术可行，近期效果满意，切口隐蔽。     

甲状腺次全切除术免置引流的注意事项(附1086例报告)

甲状腺次全切除术应常规放置引流。但我们在临床实践中 ,从有选择性地逐步放弃引流 ,到 2 0 0 1年 1月以后甲状腺手术不再置放引流已达 10 86例 ,简化了手术步骤 ,减少了颈部伤口粘连机会 ,且安全可靠。现报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料 :2 0 0 1年 1月～ 2 0 0 4年 2月 ,各类甲状腺手术共 10 86例 ,男 2 0 6例 ,女 880例 ,年龄 12～ 75岁 ,平均 3 5 .16岁 ,术后经病理确诊甲亢 70 2例 ,甲状腺瘤 (囊肿、囊性变 ) 2 90例 ,结节肿 84例 ,甲状腺癌 10例。行双侧甲状腺次全切除 786例 ,一侧甲状腺叶切除 2 90例 ,甲状腺癌改良切除术 10例。全部…     

腔镜甲状腺切除术并发症的原因与防治

目的探讨腔镜甲状腺切除术并发症的原因,总结防治经验。方法 2002年7月～2009年12月共完成372例经胸入路腔镜甲状腺切除术,其中24例发生并发症,发生率6.5%。术式包括单侧腺叶切除+峡部切除1例,患侧腺叶全切+峡部切除+对侧腺叶次全切除+气管前、气管旁淋巴结切除2例,患侧腺叶近全切除+峡部切除+对侧腺叶切除4例,17例行双侧腺叶次全切除术。结果并发症包括2例Ⅰ度皮肤灼伤,1例注射肾上腺素盐水3 min后胸部皮肤暂时性缺血,3例术后第1天左侧乳腺处trocar通道出血,4例暂时性声嘶,2例暂时性呛咳,3例皮下积液,7例胸部皮下组织淤血,经对症处理,22例均痊愈;2例残留甲状腺结节,患者无不适,术后B超分别随访6年1个月、5年8个月,结节大小无改变。结论腔镜甲状腺切除术安全可行,手术操作不当可能出现并发症,应不断提高腔镜技术和超声刀的使用,熟悉镜下甲状腺解剖,小心操作。     

内镜甲状腺切除术183例经验

目的探讨内镜甲状腺切除术的可行性及其美容效果的评价。方法采用胸部乳晕入路或腋下入路行内镜甲状腺切除术183例，其中甲状腺腺瘤56例（1例伴甲亢），结节性甲状腺肿88例（5例伴腺瘤，2例伴甲亢），原发性甲状腺机能亢进25例，甲状腺癌14例。结果成功完成手术179例，一侧腺体全切术123例，一侧全切加对侧部分切除或次全切除56例。手术时间93（45～280）min。中转开放手术4例。无神经、气管及甲状旁腺损伤等严重并发症。术后平均住院时间4（3～8）d。术后随访1～38个月，3例复发，患者均对手术的美容效果满意。结论内镜甲状腺切除手术是一种安全、可行的手术方法，具有良好的美容效果。     

经腋窝途径的单孔内镜下甲状腺切除术

目的探讨单孔内镜下甲状腺手术的可行性以及安全性,并对其疗效进行评价。方法 2010年1月～2011年4月,10例甲状腺单发良性直径〈40 mm结节接受经腋窝途径的单孔内镜甲状腺切除术,结节最大直径20～35 mm,平均25.2 mm,均位于甲状腺中下极,均为囊实性结节。在腋窝做一长约2.5 cm的切口并放置单孔入路装置（前2例使用自制单孔入路装置,后8例使用TriPort三通道单孔入路装置）,经此置入30°的5 mm腹腔镜、超声刀以及异型腹腔镜手术器械,建立操作空间,完成甲状腺腺叶次全切除或近全切除手术。结果 10例均顺利完成单侧甲状腺腺叶次全切除或近全切除手术,手术时间125～180 min,平均153 min,术中出血量5～15 ml,平均9.1 ml,无中转常规三孔内镜手术或开放手术,无气管、喉返神经、甲状旁腺损伤等并发症。术后第1天疼痛评分2～4分,平均3.3分。术后住院时间均为2 d。术后病理均为结节性甲状腺肿。术后3个月复查,10例均获得＂非常满意＂的美容效果,无复发。结论对于单侧甲状腺良性病变,经腋窝途径的单孔内镜下甲状腺切除术是安全、可行的,同时具有很好的美容效果。但病例选择较严格。     

腔镜下甲状腺切除术36例报告

目的探讨经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术中出血和喉返神经损伤的原因和预防经验。方法2006年1月～2008年1月,采用经乳晕入路行腔镜甲状腺切除术36例。两乳头间偏右侧及左右乳晕上缘分别做穿刺口,在颈外丝线缝扎悬吊颈前肌群,充分显露甲状腺,超声刀由下极向上极行甲状腺腺瘤切除或甲状腺次全切除。结果36例均在腔镜下完成手术,无中转开放手术。手术时间50～180min,平均105min;术中出血量20～150ml,平均30ml。行甲状腺肿瘤切除12例,单侧甲状腺次全切除22例,双侧甲状腺大部分切除2例。术后出现脂肪液化1例,皮下气肿1例,无神经或甲状旁腺损伤等并发症。术后24～72h拔除引流管。术后住院3～7d,平均4d。术后病理诊断：甲状腺腺瘤7例,结节性甲状腺肿29例。36例随访3～24个月,平均12个月,感觉胸前明显不适3例,持续约3～7个月逐渐好转,美容效果满意,均未发现局部肿瘤复发。结论经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺手术近期疗效及美容效果满意。熟悉镜下解剖和操作技巧,能有效避免神经、血管损伤等严重并发症发生。     

经腋乳入路腔镜在甲状腺外科手术的应用

目的：探讨经腋乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术的方法、技巧及美学效果。 方法：回顾性分析2010年3月—2011年12月经腋乳入路行腔镜甲状腺手术39例患者的临床资料。其中甲状腺瘤16例，结节性甲状腺肿18例，原发性甲状腺机能亢进2例，甲状腺乳头状癌3例。行单侧甲状腺部分切除术12例，单侧甲状腺次全切除8例，双侧甲状腺次全切除16例，单侧甲状腺全切除+第VI组淋巴结切除+对侧甲状腺次全切除术3例。 结果：手术过程均顺利，手术时间为65~98 min，术中出血量20~90 mL，无中转开放手术，术后无声嘶或甲状旁腺损伤等并发症发生。住院时间5~7 d。术后随访6~21个月，无复发病例。 结论：经腋乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术是安全可行的，且具有良好的美学效果。     

单中心分化型甲状腺癌全乳晕径路内镜手术学习曲线分析

目的 评估单中心治疗分化型甲状腺癌全乳晕径路内镜手术的近期疗效,并进一步分析其学习曲线。方法 回顾性分析2015年11月至2017年5月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院北院普外科开展的100例全乳晕径路内镜手术治疗分化型甲状腺癌病例。按手术先后顺序将所有病例分为5组,A、B、C、D及E组各20例。比较各组在手术数据（包括各阶段和总手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数、甲状旁腺误切率、开放甲状腺手术中转率和术中并发症发生例数）及术后相关数据（包括术后住院时间、总引流量和术后并发症发生例数）的差异,绘制并分析学习曲线。结果 所有入组病例均完成全乳晕径路内镜手术,无中转。比较各组总手术时间及各阶段手术时间,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。A组共发生术中并发症3例,多于其余各组（P=0.035）。A组发生术后皮瓣淤斑12例,多于其余各组（P<0.001）。多因素学习曲线函数分析表明,学习期例数为31例。结论 分化型甲状腺癌全乳晕径路内镜手术具有较长的学习曲线学习期,针对其特点行有效规范的操作是手术安全可行的保障。     

Endoscopic Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Malignancies: Comparison with Conventional Open Thyroidectomy

Background Endoscopic techniques have recently been applied to thyroid surgery. We developed the bilateral axillo-breast (BAB) approach for total thyroidectomy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the completeness of this approach for total thyroidectomy and to compare complications between endoscopic thyroidectomy and conventional open thyroidectomy. Methods We analyzed 198 patients who underwent open thyroidectomy and 103 patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma between January 2003 and June 2006 at Seoul National University Hospital. The postoperative thyroglobulin (TG) level was used to assess the completeness of the two methods. Complications such as hypocalcemia or vocal cord palsy were also evaluated. Results The mean hospitalization period was 3.18 days following open thyroidectomy and 3.04 days after endoscopic thyroidectomy. The 3-month postoperative TG levels were <1.0 ng/ml in 90.4% of patients after open total thyroidectomy and in 88.9% following endoscopic total thyroidectomy. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in 17.7% and 25.2% of patients, respectively. Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.5% and 1.0% of patients, respectively. Permanent vocal cord palsy frequencies were 0.5% and 0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in postoperative TG levels, hypocalcemia, or permanent vocal cord palsy. Transient vocal cord palsy occurred in 2.5% of patients after open thyroidectomy and in 25.2% after endoscopic thyroidectomy (p < 0.0001), but it disappeared within 3 months. Cosmetic results were excellent after endoscopic thyroidectomy. Conclusions The bilateral axillo-breast (BAB) approach for endoscopic thyroidectomy shows insignificant postoperative complications, except transient vocal cord palsy, as well as good cosmetic results. It is also a feasible method for total thyroidectomy. Therefore, the BAB approach for endoscopic total thyroidectomy can be the surgical treatment of choice for selected cases of thyroid cancer.     

Total thyroidectomy does not enhance disease control or survival even in high-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The extent of primary thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer is controversial. There are strong proponents for total thyroidectomy based on its presumed and theoretical disease control benefits. In contrast, there are equally strong advocates of less aggressive thyroidectomy with its lower hazard of parathyroid and recurrent nerve injury. The authors have addressed whether total thyroidectomy has a survival benefit justifying its use in patients with high-risk primary cancer. The major risk factors include age and the following the pathologic determinants follicular histology, vascular invasion, and extracapsular extension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical pathologic, therapeutic, prognostic, and outcome data were reviewed in 347 patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Seventy-five percent were women, 216 patients were in the younger age group (low-risk) (21-50 years), 103 were in the intermediate-risk group (51-70 years), and 28 were in the high-risk group (>70 years). Included in the high-risk pathologic category were 158 patients who had follicular histology (55), extracapsular extension (107), or vascular invasion (119). Total thyroidectomy was performed in 56 patients, near or subtotal thyroidectomy in 47 patients and lobectomy in 55 patients. The 10-year disease specific survival in the overall patient group was 82% in patients with total thyroidectomy, 78% in patients with subtotal thyroidectomy, and 89% in patients with lobectomy (p = 0.30). There was no significant survival difference according to extent of thyroidectomy in the intermediate or high-risk groups either by age or in patients who had high-risk pathologic feature. CONCLUSIONS: Total thyroidectomy in high-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (containing follicular histology, vascular invasion, or extracapsular extension) showed no benefit over partial thyroidectomy. This suggests that the general use of total thyroidectomy is not indicated, except in highly selected patients.     

Biologic considerations and operative strategy in papillary thyroid carcinoma: arguments against the routine performance of total thyroidectomy

Reasons cited for the routine performance of total thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma include: fear of multicentric neoplastic foci causing local recurrence and death; risk of anaplastic transformation of unresected multifocal microscopic carcinoma; toxicity of high-dose radioactive iodine to ablate normal thyroid remnants; and lack of reliable criteria for grading malignancy and identifying patients at high risk. However, autopsy studies have detected microscopic foci of papillary thyroid cancer as incidental findings in up to 24% of patients dead of other diseases. The prevalence of anaplastic transformation of papillary thyroid carcinoma as determined from reports in the literature is less than 1%. A retrospective investigation of 90 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma derived from the Swedish National Cancer Registry showed no complications from radioiodine ablation of postoperative thyroid remnants in 45 patients. Retrospective analysis of the DNA content of tumors at the time of the initial operation showed a significant difference between a group of 10 patients who died of recurrent and metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma and a group of 16 patients alive at least 10 years after operation despite distant metastases or recurrent cancer in the thyroid bed and/or cervical lymph nodes. The risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism is higher in patients after total thyroidectomy without apparent improvement in survival rates when compared with less extensive resections. Therefore it is proposed that the criteria for total thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma be limited to: tumors that clinically involve both lobes of the thyroid gland, extracapsular spread of cancer requiring enbloc resection, and reoperations where scarring prevents accurate delineation of the extent of the tumor. By differentiating patients at high risk for death from papillary thyroid carcinoma from patients at low risk, the measurement of DNA content may decrease the need for routine total thyroidectomy.     

Parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy. Results of long-term follow-up.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a recognized complication of thyroidectomy. Operative strategies to prevent this complication include preservation of parathyroid glands in situ and autotransplantation of parathyroid glands resected or devascularized during thyroidectomy. METHODS: An analysis of 194 patients having thyroidectomy and simultaneous parathyroid autotransplantation at Barnes Hospital from 1990 to 1994 was performed. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, indication for thyroidectomy, operative procedure, pathologic diagnoses, and postoperative course, including biochemical assessment of parathyroid autograft function. RESULTS: Of 194 patients having either total, subtotal, or completion thyroidectomy, 104 (54%) experienced a [Ca(+2)]nadir less than or equal to 8.0 mg/dL and had symptoms and signs of hypocalcemia. Parathyroid autotransplantation was successful in 103 (99%) of these 104 cases and resulted in a 1.0% incidence of hypoparathyroidism in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Although preservation of parathyroid glands in situ is desirable, routine parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy virtually eliminates postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Normal parathyroid glands resected or devascularized during thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma or benign disease should be transplanted in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A should have parathyroid glands resected at the time of thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma and transplanted in the nondominant forearm. Postoperative management in most patients after thyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation involves temporary calcium and vitamin D replacement and close biochemical evaluation. This precautionary measure of parathyroid autotransplantation markedly reduces the incidence of permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism.     

The recurrent laryngeal nerve related to thyroid surgery.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic injury of inferior laryngeal nerve is one of the most serious concerns in thyroid surgery. Paralysis of vocal cords is a common sequela of thyroidectomy. It represents a serious complication inducing, when bilateral, serious functional sequelae such as phonatory, respiratory and psychological problems that limit working capacities and social relationships of patients. We carried out an intraoperative study aimed to define anatomical relationships between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the adjacent structures (the inferior thyroid artery in particular), intraoperative identification of which may allow prevention of iatrogenic injuries of the laryngeal nerve. METHODS: One hundred ninety-two patients (165 females, 27 males whose age was between 18 and 90 years, median age 55) who had undergone thyroidectomy in our department in the last 3 years. Among them, 179 patients underwent total extracapsular thyroidectomy, and of the 13 remaining, 12 were completions of thyroidectomy in patients who had previously undergone a first thyroid surgical intervention and underwent istmo-lobectomy. RESULTS: Despite a systematic intraoperative search, we identified the recurrent laryngeal nerve in 158 of 192 patients (82.3%), while in the remaining 34 (17.7%), the recurrent laryngeal nerve was not identified. In 122 out of the 158 patients (77.2%) in whom the recurrent laryngeal nerve had been detected, the nerve was identified bilaterally: in 19 of 158 (12%) only on the right side; in 17 of 158 (10.7%) only on the left. Concerning the postoperative results we noticed only one case (0.5%) of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury for neoplastic infiltration of its own branch, one case (0.5%) of monolateral cordal hypomotility, and two cases (1.04%) of bilateral cordal hypomotility with temporary disphonia, which regressed in 6 months of time. CONCLUSION: The results of our study may confirm that iatrogenic injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, or to its branches, might be better avoided by searching, identifying, and exposing the nerve itself and by following its course with care. In our view, total extracapsular thyroidectomy, with systematic search for the nerve, is the best approach. We believe that deep knowledge of the thyroid region's surgical anatomy and the awareness of the extremely varying course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery and their relations should be taken into account by surgeons.     

Thyreoidektomie und Lymphadenektomie

In benign goiter, thyroidectomy is only indicated in patients with nodular alterations of the complete thyroid gland. There is no evidence indicating that total thyroidectomy could improve the postoperative results in patients with Graves' disease. In Germany, thyroidectomy with cervicocentral lymph node dissection is the standard procedure for all differentiated thyroid carcinomas. However, there are no data to prove that this approach is superior to less radical procedures. Avoidance of reoperations and optimal conditions for effective postoperative radioiodine therapy are arguments for this aggressive strategy. In patients with medullary carcinoma or with detected ret-proto-oncogene mutations, thyroidectomy with cervicocentral lymphadenectomy should be the initial operation. The cervicolateral and mediastinal compartments should be dissected when clinically obvious lymph node metastases are present in patients with differentiated carcinomas. In patients with medullary carcinomas, persistently increased calcitonin levels after the initial operation are sufficient indication for this procedure. Thyroidectomy is an important part of the multimodal approach in patients with anaplastic carcinomas. The operative technique of thyroidectomy is presented as well as the technique of cervical lymphadenectomy in consideration of the lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland.     

Factors contributing to surgical outcomes of transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Introduction

Transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy is considered a technically feasible and safe treatment option for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The aim of the present study was to determine the factors that contribute to the perioperative surgical outcomes of robotic thyroidectomy and to suggest guidelines for patient selection to be used by surgeons inexperienced in the technique.

Method

We reviewed the records of 275 patients with PTC who underwent robotic total thyroidectomy using a gasless, transaxillary single-incision approach at Yonsei University Health System, South Korea, between January 2011 and May 2012. The association between surgical outcomes and clinicopathologic factors was assessed using linear and logistic regression analysis.

Results

The contributing factors for surgical outcomes of robotic thyroidectomy were categorized as patient factors, including gender and body mass index (BMI), and thyroid-specific factors, including thyroid gland size, coexistent thyroiditis, tumor size, and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-microsomal antibody titers. Of these, male gender, a large thyroid gland, and thyroiditis significantly increased the total operation time. Male gender, thyroiditis, and overweight BMI increased the working space time, and a large thyroid gland and overweight BMI affected the console time. A large thyroid gland and histological thyroiditis were associated with increased intraoperative blood loss. There was no association between postoperative complications and clinicopathologic parameters.

Conclusion

Male gender, overweight BMI, a large thyroid gland, and coexistent thyroiditis adversely affected the surgical outcome of robotic thyroidectomy. Surgeons inexperienced in the technique should avoid or carefully approach individuals with these factors.     

甲状腺全切除术治疗甲状腺癌的临床体会

目的探讨甲状腺全切除术在治疗甲状腺癌中的临床应用价值.方法我院1985～2000年经同一外科医生施行甲状腺全切除术治疗甲状腺癌87例,对其发生并发症及术后131I治疗进行回顾性分析.结果术后观察喉返神经损伤2例(2.3%),低钙血症1例(1.1%),无永久性喉返神经损伤或低钙血症,无死亡.84例患者术后获得随访,平均随访5年,无瘤生存82例(97.6%),其中选择性进行131I治疗58例,占70.7%(58/82).结论甲状腺全切除术是治疗甲状腺癌安全、有效的手术方式,能彻底切除腺体内恶性肿瘤的潜在转移性病变,为术后进行131I治疗创造有利条件.     

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??Application and evaluation of endoscopic technique in the surgical treatment of thyroid nodules FAN Lin-jun. Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China Thyroid nodules are common in clinical practice. Majority of patients with thyroid nodules need surgical treatment in order to remove the focus or to acquire a final diagnosis. The postoperative cervical appearance could be improved with the application of endoscopic technique in thyroid surgery. With the improvement of the
operative technique, almost all types of thyroidectomy could be completed under endoscope. Endoscopic subtotal thyroidectomy is the most common method in the treatment of thyroid nodules. The common approaches of endoscope include video-assisted thyroidectomy via cervical small incision and total endoscope thyroidectomy via breast approach or axillary approach. Comparing with the total thyroidectomy, endoscopic near-total thyroidectomy for low risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma could get better safety, lower incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and the same therapeutic effect. But the clearance of cervical lymph nodes is still controversial. On account of its remarkably cosmetic advantages, endoscopic operation has become the preferred method for the treatment of thyroid nodules.