88例肢端肥大症的经蝶手术观察

８８例经蝶显微外科肿瘤切除的肢端肥大症，手术后６７％的病人生长激素水平在１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ以下，合并高泌乳素血症的病人６０％恢复正常。手术并发症发生率仅为５％，且无手术死亡者。有２例在术后随访期内肿瘤复发。疗效分析表明：肿瘤分期（有无鞍外侵犯）及手术切除程度与治疗结果显著相关。认为经蝶显微外科是目前治疗肢端肥大症的首选方法。     

再手术切除结合放射性同位素~(125)I粒子植入治疗复发脑胶质瘤

目的观察再次手术切除结合放射性同位素125I粒子植入治疗复发脑胶质瘤的近期疗效。方法2002年6月~2004年12月在我院住院治疗的23例复发脑胶质瘤病人为治疗组,采用手术切除肿瘤后,在瘤床或残余肿瘤内植入125I粒子作内放射治疗,观察病人术后1个月时功能改善情况及术后生存期情况。同期再手术切除加普通放射治疗的28例病人为对照组,和治疗组进行比较。结果治疗组:23例肿瘤全切除17例,次全切除6例;全部病例均植入125I粒子;术后1个月时19例患者的功能情况改善,KPS分值提高;再手术后生存期为25~216周,平均65.7周。对照组中全切除19例,次全切除9例;术后1个月时20例患者的功能情况改善,再手术后平均生存期60.5周。两组比较有统计学意义。结论再手术切除结合125I粒子植入治疗复发脑胶质瘤,可扩大局部控制范围,能有效地缓解病情,提高患者的生存质量,延长患者的生命,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

再手术切除结合放射性同位素125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗复发脑胶质瘤

目的 观察再次手术切除结合放射性同位素125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗复发脑胶质瘤的近期疗效.方法 2002年6月～2004年12月在我院住院治疗的23例复发脑胶质瘤病人为治疗组,采用手术切除肿瘤后,在瘤床或残余肿瘤内植入125Ⅰ粒子作内放射治疗,观察病人术后1个月时功能改善情况及术后生存期情况.同期再手术切除加普通放射治疗的28例病人为对照组,和治疗组进行比较.结果 治疗组23例肿瘤全切除17例,次全切除6例;全部病例均植入125Ⅰ粒子;术后1个月时19例患者的功能情况改善,KPS分值提高;再手术后生存期为25～216周,平均65.7周.对照组中全切除19例,次全切除9例;术后1个月时20例患者的功能情况改善,再手术后平均生存期60.5周.两组比较有统计学意义.结论 再手术切除结合125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗复发脑胶质瘤,可扩大局部控制范围,能有效地缓解病情,提高患者的生存质量,延长患者的生命,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

长期生存脑恶性胶质瘤患者治疗随访研究

目的总结长期生存脑恶性胶质瘤患者的最佳治疗方式,以提高治愈率,延长生存期。方法对26例生存期达5年以上的脑恶性胶质瘤病例进行回顾分析。26例均进行手术、放疗和化疗等治疗,并进行长期随访。全组病例行肿瘤手术显微镜下全切除23例,次全切除3例。术中采用神经导航、神经内镜等先进仪器辅助切除肿瘤。术后病人全部行放疗或X刀与γ-刀治疗,并均经颈动脉注药或静脉给予宁得朗进行化疗。结果全部病人都得到随访,时间5.5~13年,其中5年生存率为100%,10年生存率42.3%。结论最大程度手术切除脑恶性胶质瘤是获得良效的首要条件,也是争取进一步治疗的前提;术后严格随访和放疗与化疗是延长生存期的重要措施。     

锁孔开颅术处理桥小脑角区肿瘤的研究

目的探讨采用锁孔开颅术镜下显微手术切除桥小脑角区肿瘤的方式、方法，减少并发症，改善手术效果。方法回顾性分析我科采用本法处理桥小脑角区肿瘤33例，其中巨大肿瘤（≥4cm）23例，大肿瘤（≥3cm）10例。结果本组肿瘤全切除30例，次全切除3例，残余肿瘤结合伽玛刀治疗2例。面神经解剖保留23例，部分功能保留16例。经病理证实属神经鞘瘤17例，脑膜瘤11例．胆脂瘤5例。随访0．5～6年，面瘫恢复15例，部分恢复5例。无肿瘤复发。结论本手术方法加上娴熟镜下手术切除抟巧，在切除肿瘤的同时，能最大限度地保留脑的正常解剖结构，具有创伤小、术后恢复快、疗效好等特点，特别适宜治疗深部肿瘤，     

复发性胶质瘤再手术治疗的探讨

目的 探讨复发性胶质瘤患者再手术的效果。方法 对22例复发性胶质瘤患者再手术前的功能状态、两次手术间隔时间及手术切除的程度与术后存活期等资料进行临床和统计学分析。结果 第二次手术前生活能自理或半自理的病人（Kamofsky计分≥60）平均生存期约16月，生活不能自理的病人（Kamofsky计分〈60）平均生存期约6月（P〈0．01）。两次手术间隔时间大于1年者平均生存期约17月，间隔时间小于半年者平均生存期约6月（P〈0．01）。手术肿瘤全切除者平均生存期约15月，次全切除者平均生存期约10月（P〈0．05）。结论 术前功能情况好，手术间隔时间大于1年及术中全切肿瘤者再手术治疗可获得较好效果。     

超选择颈内动脉灌注替尼泊甙和口服环已亚硝脲治疗脑胶质瘤

脑胶质瘤手术疗效欠佳，全身化疗及超选择颈内动脉灌注卡氮芥（BCNU）问题较多。为了探讨提高治疗此病疗效的方法，1993年1月至1996年10月，我们对手术切除后病理诊断为脑胶质瘤的32例，采用微导管技术进行超选择颈内动脉灌注替尼泊甙（VM26）和口服环已亚硝脲（CCNU）联合化疗，取得满意效果。现报告如下。资料一般资料本组男性23例，女性9例，年龄14~68岁，平均345岁。病理类型为：星型细胞瘤Ⅰ~Ⅱ级历例，星形细胞瘤Ⅲ~Ⅳ级17例。选择条件1全部病人经手术治疗并有确切的病理诊断；2肿瘤切除后以CT扫描证实有肿瘤残余或术后肿瘤复发…     

手术切除单发脑转移瘤的预后及相关因素分析

目的回顾性分析手术切除单发脑转移瘤病人的预后及其影响因素。方法收集解放军总医院神经外科1996—2006手术切除的102例单发脑转移病人临床资料，对预后相关因素进行统计学分析。结果经多变量分析，对改善预后有统计学意义的变量包括：年龄小于65岁，没有颅外转移，原发病灶控制，KPS生活状态评分≥70，病理为非小细胞肺癌，立体定向放射外科治疗。所有病人的中位生存期是10个月。RPA（Recursive partitioning analysis classes）1级的病人预后好于2级和3级。接受立体定向放射外科治疗病人的中位生存期显著高于未接受者。结论RPA分级在预测手术切除＋辅助治疗的单发脑转移瘤的预后中具有重要意义，RPA1级预后良好，中位生存期为12月。     

脑胶质瘤诊治的过去、现状与未来

脑胶质瘤是颅内最常见的肿瘤,其生存期短,复发、死亡率高,治疗困难,其治疗一直是对神经外科的一大挑战。1884年,当人们采用水蛭治疗脑肿瘤病人出现的症状时,Godlee和Bennett应用脑定位方法成功切除了胶质瘤,尽管病人死于术后感染,但他们毕竟开创了脑肿瘤手术治疗的先河。随着时间的推移,人们对脑胶质瘤的诊治有了长足的进步。     

脑转移瘤52例临床分析

目的 探讨脑转移瘤的发病率、来源、诊断、治疗与预后。方法 对52例脑转移瘤进行手术切除、减压加放疗的综合治疗。结果 完全缓解35例，部分缓解7例，无变化5例，进展5例，无围手术期死亡病例，平均生存期15个月。结论 脑转移瘤有较高的发病率，原发肿瘤以肺癌最常见，占71．79％，对原发肿瘤较小、无其他部位转移、预测能生存较长时间的患者，应争取行手术切除脑转移灶，术后加放射治疗等综合治疗，对延长生存期，改善生活质量具有重要意义。     

Prognostic value of initial magnetic resonance imaging growth rates for World Health Organization grade II gliomas

A consecutive series of 143 unselected adult patients with histologically proved World Health Organization grade II gliomas was reviewed to assess the prognostic value of growth rates of mean tumor diameters on successive magnetic resonance images before treatment. There is an inverse correlation between growth rates and survival (p < 0.001; median survival at 5.16 years for a growth rate of 8mm/year or more; median survival >15.0 years for a growth rate <8mm/year). Thus, individual magnetic resonance imaging tumor growth rates should be incorporated in the planning of the initial therapeutic strategy of grade II gliomas.     

Supratentorial malignant gliomas in childhood: a review of fifty cases

From 1977 to 1986, 50 children aged 15 months to 18 years were treated for supratentorial malignant gliomas at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the New York University Medical Center. Thirteen patients had glioblastoma multiforme, 29 had anaplastic astrocytomas, and 8 had malignant gliomas. In 10 patients the tumor evolved from a low-grade lesion. Seven patients, including 2 patients with neurofibromatosis, developed multiple primary malignant neoplasms. The median time to tumor progression after surgery was 31 weeks, with local recurrence representing the mode of treatment failure in nearly all patients. Notable clinical features included symptomatic leptomeningeal metastasis (13 patients) and intratumoral hemorrhage (9 patients). The estimated median survival time for all 50 patients was 98 weeks, with a 3-year survival rate of 32%. A trend toward longer survival was seen in patients 12 years of age or younger at diagnosis. There was no apparent correlation between survival and tumor histology or tumor location. Recommendations for management are presented.     

Overall survival in patients with malignant glioma may be significantly longer with tumors located in deep grey matter

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of overall survival with tumor location (lobar vs. deep grey matter) and with other clinical and imaging variables in a cohort of patients with high grade gliomas. METHODS: Adult patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial WHO grade 3 and 4 gliomas were evaluated. Clinical data included demographics, symptoms at presentation, treatment variables, and overall survival. Radiological data included tumor side, site (deep vs. lobar) and size, extent of peritumoral edema, and presence of midline shift. Biostatistics were carried out using log rank tests and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS: A total of 121 patients were investigated, 23 (19.0%) with WHO grade 3 and 98 (81.0%) with WHO grade 4 gliomas. Tumors had lobar location in 96 cases (79.3%) and deep grey matter location in 25 cases (20.7%). Median survival time for all patients was 26 weeks (IQR: 14-53). Patients with deep tumors survived significantly longer than those with lobar gliomas (log rank test, p=0.0083). Extensive brain edema significantly shortened survival (log rank test, p=0.0003). Presence of midline shift (>1 cm) was a statistically significant risk factor for shorter survival (log rank test, p<0.0001). The univariate Cox regression model demonstrated statistical significance for the variables age, side, site and size of tumor, presence of extensive edema, and presence of mass effect (>1 cm). In the multivariate Cox models, tumor grade, site and size showed statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that patients with deep grey matter gliomas may survive significantly longer after the initial diagnosis than those with tumors in a lobar location. This is a potentially novel finding, which may corroborate the theory of differential invasion of glioma cells in different microenvironments of the brain, but remains to be confirmed in future prospective studies.     

冷冻切除联合rhTNF-α治疗脑胶质瘤的临床观察

目的探讨冷冻切除联合重组人肿瘤坏死因子(rhTNF-α)治疗脑胶质瘤的效果。方法对18例脑胶质瘤患者采用冷冻切除联合rhTNF-α治疗。观察rhTNF-α毒副作用,出院前及以后每6个月复查一次MRI评估治疗效果。结果肿瘤全切除17例,1例次全切除。术前9例有病变对侧肢力减退者,均在1周内恢复。rhTNF-α常见的毒副作用为发热、局部红肿及肌肉疼痛等,发生率为38.9%(7/18)。术后随访6～20个月,除1例次全切者术后15个月死亡外,余17例均幸存。结论本结果提示冷冻切除联合rhTNF-α治疗脑胶质瘤可能成为胶质瘤治疗的一种新策略。     

Decreased quality of life and depression as predictors for shorter survival among patients with low-grade gliomas: a follow-up from 1990 to 2003

Objectives To assess the long-term survival of brain tumor patients, and in particular to evaluate the relation of quality of life (QOL) to survival among low-grade glioma patients. Methods The postoperative survival of 101 brain tumor patients was followed from surgery (1990–1992) until the end of the year 2003. Depression was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and QOL with Sintonen’s 15D scale before operation and at one year as well as at five years after operation. Results The mean survival times in years (SD) were significantly related to tumor malignancy, being the shortest, 1.9 (0.6), for patients with high-grade gliomas, while patients with low-grade gliomas or a benign brain tumor had mean survival times of 9.1 (1.0) and 11.6 (0.5), respectively. At all follow-ups, depressed low-grade glioma patients had a significantly shorter survival time, 3.3–5.8 years, compared to non-depressed low-grade glioma patients, 10.0–11.7 years. A decreased level of QOL in low-grade glioma patients was significantly related to the shorter survival. Conclusions The results suggest that depression and decreased QOL among low-grade glioma patients is related to shorter survival at long-term follow-up. Decreased QOL may serve as an indicator for poor prognosis in low-grade glioma patients.     

复发性胶质瘤的神经导航手术治疗(附28例临床报道)

目的探讨复发性胶质瘤的手术治疗及神经导航系统在手术中的作用。方法总结28例采用神经导航系统进行手术的复发性胶质瘤病人的病例资料。位于大脑半球深部者18例,浅部者8例,位于小脑者2例。手术经原切口进入者20例,改变切口者8例。结果导航平均注册误差小于2 mm。全切除22例(78.6%),次全切除4例(14.3%),大部切除2例(7.1%)。术后症状改善或不变25例(89.3%),加重3例(10.7%)。术后对21例随访6个月,均无复发;17例随访1年,复发2例;9例随访3年,复发5例。结论神经导航系统应用于复发性胶质瘤手术治疗,有助于肿瘤的术中定位和切除范围的实时判断,从而提高肿瘤的全切除率,延缓肿瘤再复发。     

脑胶质瘤术后125I粒子永久植入近距离内放疗的临床应用与观察

目的探讨配合手术治疗进行^125I粒子永久植入近距离放疗治疗脑胶质瘤的临床疗效及操作方法。方法11例脑胶质瘤患者在手术治疗同时结合CT、术中及直视下进行^125I粒子植入治疗,肿瘤匹配剂量90～110Gy,每颗粒子剂量0.7mCi,每例患者植入粒子数8～10颗。结果随访一年,死亡2例,存活9例,9例患者卡氏评分较治疗前有提高,随访期内,无严重并发症。结论此技术适应证广,安全有效,为恶性脑胶质瘤的综合治疗增添了新的手段。     

手术联合间质内放疗治疗复发性脑胶质细胞瘤

目的总结和分析利用手术联合肿瘤间质内放疗治疗复发性脑胶质细胞瘤的疗效。方法我科收治56例复发性脑胶质细胞瘤患者,手术切除肿瘤并埋放改良型Ommaya放疗囊,术后定期给予肿瘤近距离131I放疗。术后随诊1年以上并定期复查增强MRI。结果根据随访结果,6个月和1年治疗有效率分别为89.3%和75.0%。治疗6个月后患者Karnofsky评分有明显提高（t=5.257,P〈0.05）;治疗1年后有所下降,但与术前相比无统计学意义（t=0.562,P〉0.05）。结论复发性脑胶质细胞瘤恶性程度高,单一治疗效果差。手术联合肿瘤近距离放疗能有效提高患者生存质量,延长其生命。     

脑胶质瘤术后125Ⅰ球囊内放疗的临床研究

目的 探讨术后内置^125I球囊内照射治疗脑胶质瘤的临床效果。方法自2003年4月～2003年10月,采用^125I充填球囊内照射方法治疗脑胶质瘤患者4例。近距离放射治疗剂量为60-80Gy,持续照射5～8d。结果随访一年1例死亡,生存3例,3例患者卡氏评分均较治疗前有明显提高。随诊期内未出现严重并发症。结论^125I充填球囊内照射治疗脑胶质瘤方法简便,可提高患者的生存质量和延长患者的生存时间,不会导致严重并发症,是治疗胶质瘤的一种有效的方法。     

老年高级别胶质瘤的临床特点和治疗

目的探讨老年高级别胶质瘤患者的临床特点和治疗方案。方法回顾性分析2012年4月至2017年8月中国医学科学院,北京协和医院神经外科连续收治的32例老年高级别胶质瘤患者的临床资料,总结其临床表现、术前Karnofsky功能状态评分(KPS)、合并症情况(查尔森合并症指数)、肿瘤病理学分型、治疗方法以及患者的总生存期。所有患者均行手术切除肿瘤或活组织检查术,术后辅以放化疗、单纯化疗或靶向治疗。采用Kaplan-Meier法探讨手术方式、合并症情况以及术前KPS对患者总生存期的影响。结果32例患者中,男21例,女11例;年龄为(71.9±6.9)岁(65~79岁);其中世界卫生组织(WHO)Ⅳ级(胶母细胞瘤)22例(68.7%),Ⅲ级10例(31.3%);术前中位KPS(范围)为78.1分(40~90分);中位查尔森合并症指数(范围)为5.7(4~8)。32例患者中,行病灶切除术21例(65.6%),行活组织检查术11例(34.4%)。术后行标准Stupp方案治疗7例,行替莫唑胺辅助化疗9例,行靶向治疗1例,未行进一步治疗11例。失访4例。32例患者的总生存期为1.2~73.3个月,中位值为15.8个月。生存分析结果表明,手术方式、术前KPS以及查尔森合并症指数并非患者总生存期的影响因素(均P>0.05)。结论老年高级别胶质瘤患者的一般情况较差,合并症多,通过采用手术、放化疗等综合治疗后生存期仍较短。在进行治疗方案的选择时,应根据患者的具体情况选择相对有利的治疗方案。