鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎内镜鼻窦手术治疗的临床观察

近年来有学者研究了有关鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma，NPC)放疗后鼻窦炎的发病情况，表明鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎的发病率很高，但对NPC放疗后鼻窦炎的治疗及疗效情况的报道较少。2000年12月～2002年12月我科对18例NPC放疗后鼻窦炎经保守治疗无效者进行手术治疗，疗效满意，现报告如下。     

克拉霉素治疗鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎疗效的Meta分析

目的 通过对克拉霉素治疗鼻咽癌(NPC)放疗后鼻窦炎疗效的系统评价,以明确该药的临床应用价值并提供相关循证学证据.方法 检索英文数据库(PubMed、Embase、Cochrane library)及中文数据库(知网、CBM、维普),检索时间为各数据库建库至2020年10月24日,按是否为NPC放疗后鼻窦炎及是否用克拉...     

鼻咽癌放疗后继发慢性鼻窦炎的临床特征

目的 分析鼻咽癌放疗后继发慢性鼻窦炎的临床特征。方法 对2011年1月至2013年5月来我科门诊及住院治疗的放疗致慢性鼻窦炎患者(放疗组)及单纯慢性鼻窦炎患者(对照组)各40例行视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价鼻部主观症状、鼻内镜检查、鼻窦CT检查, 并给予相应评分。放疗组中15例及对照组中36例接受鼻内镜鼻窦手术, 术中行上颌窦穿刺, 抽取脓性分泌物行细菌培养。结果 VAS评分:放疗组为鼻塞4.0±0.8, 流脓涕6.5±1.2, 头痛4.3±0.6, 嗅觉减退5.1±1.4, 咳嗽2.7±1.2, 打喷嚏3.7±0.8, 面部疼痛和压迫感4.3±1.2, 耳痛5.3±1.1;对照组为鼻塞4.3±0.7, 流脓涕5.3±1.0, 头痛3.3±0.8, 嗅觉减退4.0±0.9, 咳嗽3.3±1.0, 打喷嚏3.7±0.9, 面部疼痛和压迫感2.2±0.5;其中流脓涕、耳痛症状放疗组较对照组明显;鼻窦CT Lund-Mackay评分: 放疗组为8.2±1.1, 对照组为 6.5±1.3;鼻内镜Lund-Kenndy评分:放疗组为6.2±1.1, 对照组为4.7±0.7;上颌窦分泌物细菌培养结果:放疗组以金黄色葡萄球菌(6/15)、流感嗜血杆菌(3/15)为主, 还有部分未查到细菌生长(4/15);对照组以金黄色葡萄球菌(24/36)、流感嗜血杆菌(6/36)、草绿色链球菌(5/36)为主。结论 放疗致鼻窦炎较单纯慢性鼻窦炎有其自身特点, 其发生机制可能与放射损伤鼻窦纤毛功能, 窦口肿胀、阻塞, 继发细菌感染有关。     

长期低剂量克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎

目的：观察长期低剂量克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效。方法：2002年4月至2003年1月我们用低剂量克拉霉素治疗63例慢性鼻窦炎,检测治疗前后糖精传输时间,观察治疗3、6个月后患者症状、鼻内镜检查、鼻窦CT检查及鼻窦黏膜病理的改善情况。结果：治疗3、6个月后鼻腔通气改善分别为66.7%、73.0%、;鼻涕量减少65.1%、74.6%;头痛减轻73.5%、85.3%;嗅觉改善30.0%、35.0%;鼻内镜检查好转55.8%、69.2%;CT扫描结果较用药前改善61.4%、68.4%;病理检查示鼻窦黏膜炎症减轻38.5%、61.5%。治疗前平均ST为(35.5±6.3)min,用药3个月后为(27.8±6.6)min,6个月后为(19.7±7.1)min。结论：长期低剂量克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎效果较好。     

鼻咽癌放疗后并发鼻窦炎的治疗及相关因素探讨

目的:探讨鼻咽癌放疗后并发鼻窦炎的相关因素和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析45例鼻咽癌患者放疗后并发鼻窦炎的临床资料。结果:45例中治愈22例(48.9%),好转18例(40.0%),无效5例(11.1%),总有效率88.9%。随访期间未发现肿瘤复发者,所有病例未发现手术后的并发症。结论:鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎的发生率极高,鼻窦炎直接影响鼻咽癌放疗的效果。采用鼻内镜下手术并及时开放窦口引流,对放疗后的鼻窦炎具有良好的疗效。     

鼻窦炎口服液联合低剂量克拉霉素片治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床疗效

目的 观察鼻窦炎口服液联合低剂量克拉霉素片治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床疗效。方法 选择门诊慢性鼻窦炎患者86例, 采用随机对照分组试验的方法分为治疗组43例、对照组43例, 两组均口服克拉霉素片250 mg/d, 治疗组在此基础上加服鼻窦炎口服液10 mL/次, 每天3次, 连续3个月。比较两组用药前、用药3个月末主观、客观指标的变化。结果 治疗组患者视觉模拟量表评分、鼻内镜检查Lund-Kennedy评分及鼻窦CT扫描Lund-Mackay评分均明显下降(t=21.23, 30.23, 25.81, P均<0.05), 与对照组比较(t=10.21, 12.79, 9.58, P均<0.05)差异有统计学意义。治疗组有效率为83.72%, 对照组为65.12%, 差异有统计学意义(Mann-Whitney U=752.5 P<0.05), 两组均无严重不良反应。结论 鼻窦炎口服液联合低剂量克拉霉素片治疗慢性鼻窦炎疗效显著。     

长期小剂量克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的疗效观察

目的观察长期小剂量克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的疗效。方法将93例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(不伴鼻息肉)患者,随机分为两组,治疗组46例,对照组47例,治疗组采用克拉霉素250mg口服,1次/d,联合鼻用糖皮质激素、黏液促排剂及生理性海水鼻腔盥洗。对照组则单纯采用鼻用糖皮质激素、黏液促排剂及生理性海水鼻腔盥洗。治疗前后采用视觉模拟量表评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、鼻窦CT评分(Lund Mackay)及临床疗效进行疗效评价。结果两组治疗3个月后的VAS评分、鼻窦CT评分和临床疗效评定均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组较对照组降低更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且在整个治疗期间未发现患者有任何严重的不良反应。结论长期小剂量克拉霉素联合鼻用糖皮激素、黏液促排剂及生理性海水鼻腔盥洗治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎临床疗效好。     

长期低剂量克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎

目的 观察长期低剂量克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效.方法 自2002年4月～2003年1月对63例慢性鼻窦炎患者应用低剂量克拉霉素治疗,3、6个月后分别观察其症状,鼻内镜及鼻窦CT检查鼻窦黏膜病理的改善情况,同时检测治疗前后的糖精传输时间(saccharine time,ST).结果 3、6个月后66.7%、73.0%鼻腔通气改善,65.1%、74.6%鼻涕量减少;73.5%、85.3%头痛减轻;30.0%、35.0%嗅觉改善;55.8%、69.2%鼻内镜检查好转;61.4%、68.4%CT扫描较用药前改善;38.5%、61.5%病理检查示鼻窦黏膜炎症减轻.平均ST治疗前为35.5±6.3分钟,用药3个月后为27.8±6.6分钟,6个月后为24.7±7.1分钟.结论 长期低剂量应用克拉霉素对治疗慢性鼻窦炎有较好的疗效.     

鼻内镜手术治疗鼻咽癌放疗后鼻窦炎

目的 探讨鼻咽癌放射治疗后鼻窦炎的临床特点、治疗方法、治疗效果及影响手术疗效的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析1999年3月～2005年3月47例接受鼻内镜手术治疗的鼻咽癌放射治疗后鼻窦炎患者的临床表现、体征、影像学资料及诊治经过.结果 47例中治愈28例(59.6%),好转17例(36.2%),无效1例(2.1%),死亡1例,总有效率95.8%,手术死亡率2.1%.结论 经鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻咽癌放射治疗后鼻窦炎的有效方法,严格掌握手术适应证和禁忌证、把握手术范围、术后综合治疗是提高治愈率和降低死亡率的重要步骤.     

鼻咽癌放疗后并发鼻窦炎

目的 探讨鼻咽癌患者在放射治疗后鼻窦炎的发生、发展及其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析蚌埠医学院第一附属医院2000年～2005年256例鼻咽癌患者资料,通过比较放疗前、后鼻咽部CT,总结放疗前无鼻窦炎症状而放疗后发生鼻窦炎的情况.结果 放疗前鼻窦炎发生率为43.8％ (112/256),放疗前无鼻窦炎症状而放疗后出现鼻窦炎...     

鼻咽癌放射治疗后鼻窦炎相关因素分析

目的　研究鼻咽癌放射治疗后鼻窦炎的发生率、临床特点及相关因素。方法　通过观察 5 13例鼻咽癌放射治疗前后的鼻咽及鼻窦临床症状和影像学改变特点 ,分析鼻咽癌放射治疗后放射性鼻窦炎的发生率和影响因素。结果　 5 13例鼻咽癌患者中 ,放射治疗前 5 1例伴有鼻窦炎(9 9% ) ,4 6 2例无鼻窦炎表现 (90 1% ) ;放射治疗后鼻窦炎发生率为 86 8% (40 1/46 2 ) ,鼻咽癌患者放射治疗前后鼻窦炎发生率差异有显著性 (χ2 =5 33 2 1,P <0 0 1)。 4 0 1例患者先后在放射治疗末期、放射治疗后 3个月、6个月、12个月和 18个月出现鼻窦炎症状 ,发生率分别为 10 7% (43/40 1)、13 7%(5 5 /40 1)、5 8 1% (2 33/40 1)、12 0 % (48/40 1)、5 5 % (2 2 /40 1)。分段放射治疗与连续性全程放射治疗后鼻窦炎发生率分别为 35 7% (14 3/40 1)、6 4 3% (2 5 8/40 1)。结论　放射性鼻窦炎发生率较高 ,放射剂量对其发生率有较大影响 ,与鼻咽肿瘤浸润范围无关。     

Auditory brainstem responses after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The effect of irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma on auditory brainstem responses and hearing was investigated in 19 otologically normal patients undergoing standard fractionated megavoltage radiotherapy. Auditory brainstem responses and pure tone audiometry were performed before radiotherapy, and at 3 and 12 months after completion of radiotherapy. There were no significant changes in the wave I–III and III–V interpeak intervals, or in sensorineural hearing thresholds (bone conduction at 4 kHz and average of bone conduction at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz), after radiotherapy. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evoked potential evidence of subclinical brainstem damage arising from irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

鼻咽癌放疗前后鼻窦炎发生机制及其防治措施

目的:分析鼻咽癌(NPC)患者放疗前后鼻窦炎发生的影响因素,并探讨防治放疗后继发鼻窦炎的措施和手段。方法:回顾性统计分析231例NPC患者放疗前后发生鼻窦炎的影响因素及部分患者的治疗效果。结果:231例NPC患者中,放疗前98例患有鼻窦炎,放疗后165例发生鼻窦炎,其中T分期较高、鼻腔有解剖变异的患者放疗后鼻窦炎发生率较高,有鼻咽局部治疗的患者鼻窦炎发生率较低,放疗前就有鼻窦炎的患者,绝大部分患者放疗后不仅没有得到改善反而有所加重。结论:放疗前鼻窦炎的发病率随临床分期的加重而递增,窦口鼻道复合体的解剖变异、鼻腔解剖变异仍然是其发生的重要因素。对于放射治疗的NPC患者,T分期较高、解剖变异、鼻咽局部治疗以及放疗状况与放疗后鼻窦炎的发生有关,加强放疗前鼻窦炎的治疗以及放疗中、后期鼻咽局部治疗可减少放疗后鼻窦炎的发生。     

Stereotactic radiotherapy for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in the treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of the outcome of SRT for patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinomas following definitive conventional radiation therapy. METHODS: Five patients were treated with daily static multiportal irradiation. Two Gy was administered with eight isocentric portals in a single plane 5 days a week, and the plane was changed for every 20 to 30 Gy. Of these patients, three had poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor sizes ranged from 1 to 15 cm3, with a median size 3.2 cm3. Median follow-up time from SRT was 34 months (range, 4-61 mo). RESULTS: Four of five recurrent tumors responded well and achieved complete regression. Three patients have survived without evidence of local recurrence with a median follow-up time of 34 months. Marginal recurrence was observed at the posterosuperior wall in a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma at 30 months after SRT. One patient who received SRT after the two complete courses of radiation therapy died 6 months after SRT as a result of rupture of a branch of the left carotid artery, but autopsy revealed no local residual tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiotherapy with isocentric multiportals in one plane, which is changed at every 20 to 30 Gy, can provide local control with acceptable toxicity in patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but increased clinical experience and longer follow-up will be necessary to evaluate the overall role of this technique in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

鼻咽癌患者放疗后引起感音神经性聋的临床观察

目的探讨鼻咽癌患者放疗后不同时期感音神经性聋的程度及发生率。方法选择无分泌性中耳炎的鼻咽癌患者28例，利用纯音测听和听性脑干反应（ABR），结合声导抗和耳声发射测试患者放疗前和放疗后1个月、1年、2年和5年的纯音听阈及波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波间期、鼓室压和镫骨肌声反射，以及部分受放射耳的诱发性耳声发射。结果语频（0．5～4．0kHz）和高频（8kHz）平均骨导听阈情况：①放疗后1个月较治疗前分别提高7．1dB和25．7dB，与放疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）；②放疗后1年分别提高17．6dB和28．1dB，与放疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001），与放疗后1个月比较差异也有统计学意义（P值均〈0．001或P〈0．05）；③放疗后2年分别提高21dB和27．4dB，与放疗后1年比较差异仅语频有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；④放疗后5年分别提高26．7dB和35．8dB，与放疗前、放疗后1个月、1年和2年比较差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．001）。其中语频和高频听力损害大于15dB的发生率分别为37．5％～94．7％和85．4％～97．4％；听力损害大于30dB的发生率分别为14．6％～63．2％和37．5％～73．7％。平均ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅰ～Ⅴ波间期的情况：放疗后1个月与放疗前比较无明显延长（P〉0．05）；放疗后1年和2年，均较放疗前和放疗后1个月明显延长，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），1年和2年组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；放疗后5年较放疗前显著延长（P〈0．001），与放疗后1年和2年比较，波Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ潜伏期明显延长（P〈0．05），而Ⅰ～Ⅴ波间期无明显延长（P〉0．05）。放疗1年后10耳中有7耳，放疗5年后7耳中有4耳诱发性耳声发射正常，但ABR均明显异常。结论放射所致的感音神经性聋可发生在部分患者放疗后的早期，特别是高频；随放疗后时间延长，听力损害的发生率增加，程度加重；损害可发生在耳蜗或（和）蜗后听觉通路，表明听觉系统不同部位和不同个体对放射损伤的敏感性可能存在差异。     

The degree and time-course assessment of radiation-induced trismus occurring after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objectives were to measure the degree of trismus induced after radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer and assess its progress over time. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, single-armed measurement study with long-term follow-up. METHODS: Seventeen patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated between 1997 and 1999 were studied. Patients were given radiation therapy with bilateral parallel-opposing ports of 45 Gy, 25 fractions, then with a reduced volume to 68.4 to 70.2 Gy. The end point was the degree of trismus, which was measured by serial changes of the maximal interincisal distance (MID) at various specified time points before, during, and after radiation therapy. RESULTS: During the 9 weeks of radiation therapy there was no significant change of MID (normalized MID ranged from 99.8% to 97%). The rate of decrease during this period was 1.3% per month. After radiation therapy there was a rapid decrease of MID between 1 and 9 months (normalized MID values at 1 and 9 mo were 95.5% +/- 3.1% and 74.2% +/- 5.7%, respectively). The rate of decrease during this period was dramatic (2.4%/mo). One year after radiation therapy, the rate of decrease became slower but was still measurable (0.2%/mo for the period from 12 to 24 mo). For the period from 24 to 48 months. the rate dropped to 0.1% per month. By the end of 48 months, normalized MID was 67.8% +/- 7.6%. CONCLUSION: By means of measurement over a period of time, it was found that patients with nasopharyngeal cancer had a mean decrease in initial interincisal distance of 32% at 4 years after radiotherapy. The trismus process evolved at different rates. It was rapid at 1 to 9 months after radiation therapy, then became slower and protracted over later years.     

Treatment outcomes for radiotherapy alone are comparable with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) on the treatment of early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as compared with radiotherapy (RT) alone. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the outcome of 60 previously untreated and histologically confirmed early-stage NPC patients treated with either RT alone or with neoadjuvant CT followed by RT (CT/RT) at the Seoul National University Hospital between 1986 and 2004. Neoadjuvant CT consisted of three cycles with 5-fluourouracil and cisplatin. RT was given to the nasopharynx and neck nodes. The median dose to the primary site, involved nodes, and elective nodes was 70.2 Gy, 63 Gy, and 45 Gy, respectively. According to the 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, 9 patients had stage I or IIA disease, and 22 patients had stage IIB disease in the RT group. For the CT/RT group, 8 patients had stage I or IIA disease, and 21 patients had stage IIB disease. The median follow-up for all patients was 124.5 (range, 5-239) months. RESULTS: The 5-year locoregional failure-free (LRFF), distant metastasis-free (DMF), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rate was 84%, 93%, 81%, and 84% for the RT group and 77%, 86%, 71%, and 79% for the CT/RT group, respectively. There were no significant differences in LRFF (P = .728), DMF (P = .433), DFS (P = .562), and OS (P = .625) rates between the RT and CT/RT groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that delaying RT for more than 81 days was significantly associated with an increased risk of locoregional failure in the subgroup of patients with stage IIB disease (P = .044). CONCLUSIONS: In our retrospective analysis, the use of neoadjuvant CT showed no additional benefit to treatment with RT alone. Neoadjuvant CT may cause deleterious effect on stage IIB disease by delaying RT.     

放化疗联合治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的：探讨放化疗交替疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析106例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者临床资料。单纯放疗15例;91例接受PF方案为基础的诱导化疗和（或）辅助化疗,其中诱导化疗加放疗加辅助化疗36例,诱导化疗加放疗25例,放疗加辅助化疗30例。诱导化疗1～2周期,辅助化疗3～6周期。放疗于诱导化疗结束后第1天进行,辅助化疗在放疗结束后1周开始进行。鼻咽原发灶采用60Co,常规分割照射68-74Gy,颈部根治量60～70Gy,颈部预防量48～50Gy,每组均完成根治量放疗。结果：中位随访时间51个月,58例患者死亡,全组总生存率为45．3％。单纯放疗、诱导化疗加放疗加辅助化疗、诱导化疗加放疗、放疔加辅助化疗的5年总生存率分别为33％、63％、60％、50％,无瘤生存率分别为13％、56％、48％、40％,无局部复发率分别为13％、53％、48％、50％,无远处转移率分别为6％、50％、44％、47％,均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。各组发生复发、转移的中位时间分别为22、29、28、25个月;10、19、15、12个月,均差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。诱导化疗加放疗加辅助化疗组急性毒性反应较其他组重,但未影响治疗进程,患者均可耐受。结论：诱导化疗和辅助化疗联合尽早开始的放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌疗效较好,不良反应轻,适合局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的综合治疗。