IgG human monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

We describe the production of six mouse-human heterohybridomas secreting human IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Peripheral blood cells used for fusion experiments were from patients who were shown to have high numbers of anti-DNA secreting B cells in the peripheral blood. All monoclonal antibodies bind to dsDNA in ELISA systems, five are reactive with Crithidia lucilae kinetoplasts and three precipitate dsDNA in the Farr assay. Inhibition studies revealed a remarkable specificity for certain polynucleotide structures. To our knowledge these are the first hybridomas described in the human system that secrete anti-dsDNA antibodies of the IgG class.     

The production of human monoclonal autoantibodies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis by the EBV-hybridoma technique

Rheumatoid lymphocytes tend to transform 'spontaneously' in vitro because of prior infection with Epstein Barr virus (EBV). They are particularly difficult to use in experiments involving cell hybridisation, because in the conventional half-HAT system unfused transformed cells may be confused with hybrids. We describe how the HAT-sensitive, ouabain-resistant human B lymphoblastoid cell line KR4, originally developed to 'rescue' EBV induced B cell clones, can be fused successfully with peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to produce unequivocal hybrids.     

Generation and characterization of a human monoclonal IgG antibody specific for HLA-B12

Abstract: We describe here the generation and characterization of a human monoclonal IgG antibody (UL/F14) specific for HLA-B12. The antibody is suitable for complement-dependent lysis on lymphoblastoid cell lines and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. UL/F14 competes for antigen binding with an HLA-B12 human monoclonal IgM antibody and with a specific alloantiserum. Protein chemistry shows that the monoclonal antibody UL/F14 can precipitate solubilized HLA-B12 molecules.     

Characterization of human anti-acetylcholine receptor monoclonal autoantibodies from the peripheral blood of a myasthenia gravis patient using combinatorial libraries

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Using phage-display technology we have characterized the largest panel of anti-AChR monoclonal antibodies thus far isolated from a single patient. Despite having been isolated with either Torpedo AChR or a human peptide, the recombinant antibodies shared with the donor's serum the ability to recognize human AChR expressed in its native configuration on the surface of TE671 cells. Their specificity for the main immunogenic region (MIR) of the AChR was demonstrated using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the region 67-76 of the human AChR alpha subunit and by inhibition of a highly pathogenic rat anti-MIR monoclonal antibody (mAb35). This work demonstrates the value of combinatorial libraries in isolating pathogenic autoantibodies from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Future genetic, structural, and functional analyses of the monoclonal antibodies reported herein should enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of MG.     

抗人巨细胞病毒单克隆抗体的建立及初步临床应用

应用人巨细胞病毒AD169株(HcMV-AD169)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与Sp2/0小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得两株(1F9 2H10)分泌抗HCMV单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞系。经鉴定,两株McAb的Ig亚类为IgG1,腹水效价间接ELISA法为10~(-5)和10~(-6)。两株McAb仅与HCMV反应,而与其他疱疹病毒无反应,2H10有中和病毒作用而1F9则无。用HCMV-McAb建立抗体捕获ELISA法测定150例孕妇血清中HCMV-IgM抗体,阴阳性总符合率与间接ELISA法相比较,为99.3％(149/150)。文中尚对HCMV-McAb用途作了讨论。     

抗人分泌性白细胞蛋白酶抑制剂单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备抗人分泌性白细胞蛋白酶抑制剂(hSL-PI)单克隆抗体(mAb)。方法以hSLPI为免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用杂交瘤技术制备抗hSLPI mAb。采用Ig类与亚类鉴定试剂盒鉴定mAb的Ig亚类;通过ELISA、Western blot、免疫组化染色法、流式细胞术、激光共聚焦显微镜技术鉴定mAb的特异性。结果获得4株可稳定分泌抗hSLPI mAb的杂交瘤细胞,其分泌的mAb均为IgM。Western blot分析表明,此株mAb所识别的靶分子的相对分子质量(Mr)约为12000。免疫组化染色表明,mAb与肺和结肠组织的上皮细胞、疑似肥大细胞、扁桃体和包皮组织的疑似肥大细胞的反应性均呈阳性。流式细胞术分析显示,4株mAb与人肺腺癌细胞系A549细胞中的SLPI均呈阳性反应。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察,荧光标记的阳性反应物主要位于A549细胞的胞质内。结论成功地制备抗hSLPI mAb,为变态反应性疾病和炎症性疾病的研究工作提供了有用的试剂。     

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies cross‐reactive with major aflatoxins

Monoclonal antibodies cross‐reactive with four major aflatoxins (AFs) were produced by fusion of P3/NS‐1/1‐AG4–1 murine myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from a BALB/c mouse that had been immunized with aflatoxin B3‐hemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Six stable clones were obtained. Isotyping by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that the antibodies produced by all but two of the clones were of the IgG₁ type. Of the remaining clones, one produced IgG₂₁, and the other IgA. Competitive radioimmunoassay using tritiated AFB₁ as the marker ligand revealed that two clones produced antibody that cross‐reacted well with both AFB₁ and AFG₁; one clone produced an antibody that had good specificity toward AFB₁. The relative cross‐reactivities (RCR) of antibody produced by clone 575B8F12 for AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁, and AFG₂ were 100, 5, 153, and 6, respectively. The RCR of antibody produced by clone 575G4H7 for the above AFs were 100, 40, 153, and 40, respectively. The RCR of antibody produced by clone 585D4D6 for the above AFs were 100, 40, 152, and 23, respectively. Antibodies produced by the other three clones were inadequate for immunoassay because their affinities for the AFs were 100 times less than the three clones described above.     

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against pseudorabies virus

Hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies to pseudorabies virus (PRV) were established. The monoclonal antibodies were characterized with respect to their antigenic specifications and biological activities. Two monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated the 50 kDa PRV glycoprotein (gp50) and two immunoprecipitated the 82 kDa glycoprotein (gp82). The monoclonal antibodies were used to analyze the biological roles of these two glycoproteins. One monoclonal antibody directed against each glycoprotein did not require complement for in vitro viral neutralization while the other monoclonal antibody directed against the glycoprotein required complement for neutralization. The monoclonal antibodies against gp50 were shown to be directed against different epitopes within the glycoprotein. In contrast, the monoclonal antibodies against gp82 were shown to be directed against the same antigenic site on the glycoprotein. In vivo passive immunity studies in mice showed that monoclonal antibodies directed against either gp50 or gp82 could be protective.     

Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to chloramphenicol

A monoclonal antibody to chloramphenicol (CAP) was produced. After immunization of BALB/c mice with CAP base coupled to human serum albumin and incubation of the stimulated splenocytes in vitro in the presence of antigen for three days, these splenocytes were hybridized with X63‐Ag8·653 myeloma cells. The antibody, designated 6A10, proved to be IgG2b, and it had a detection limit for CAP of 10 ng/ml (0·5 ng/assay) in the direct enzyme immunoassay using horseradish peroxidase‐labelled CAP. The cross‐reactivities with CAP base, p‐nitrobenzyl alcohol, and p‐nitrophenol were 5·0, 0·94, and 0·007%, respectively. No cross‐reactivities were observed with penicillin, tetracycline and thiamphenicol, respectively.     

Development and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody probably detecting the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD39

A human monoclonal IgM antibody, referred to as TU223, has been produced. The reactivity of TU223 was tested in various cells and cell lines by complement-dependent microcytotoxicity test and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. The antigen defined by TU223 was expressed on Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines and on some Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, but was not expressed on normal T cells, B cells or erythrocytes. In addition, expression of the antigen defined by TU223 was also induced on B cells activated by Epstein-Barr virus or pokeweed mitogen, and on T cells activated by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen or recombinant interleukin-2. However, no expression of the antigen detected by TU223 was induced at all on recombinant interleukin-4-treated B cells or macrophage-like cell line U937. When the ability of TU223 and various mouse monoclonal antibodies to bind to human differentiation antigens was compared, interestingly, the reactivity of TU223 was found to be very similar to that of mouse monoclonal antibody CD23 (H107), which reacts with Fc epsilon receptor II. Two-color analysis revealed that the antigen defined by TU223 is expressed on the cell surface of certain lymphoid cells expressing CD23 antigen. However, it can be concluded that the antigen defined by TU223 is clearly distinct from Fc epsilon receptor II, based on assay of cross-blocking between H107 and TU223. The surface antigen on B85 cells recognized by TU2232 had the molecular size of 80-82 kiloDaltons as determined by immunoblotting analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human apolipoprotein E

Laboratory of Lipoproteins, All-Union Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of the USSR. Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Smirnov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 8, pp. 179–181, August, 1991.     

基因工程乳腺癌特异性人单链抗体的表达与特性

研究解决分泌人单抗的杂交瘤细胞系难于稳定持久分泌抗体的难题，制备单链抗体，使单抗分子小型化，为进一步研究其在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用作准备。从分泌抗乳腺癌人单抗的杂交瘤细胞CM－1总RNA中，利用RT－PCR技术分别扩增出人单抗重链可变区VH基因和轻链可变区VL基因，将扩增产物纯化后克隆于pGEM-T载体中，进行DNA测序和序列比较分析后，将两者共克隆于表达载体中诱导表达，利用斑点免疫印迹及竞争抑制法检测表达产物的抗原性。所克隆的CM－1人单抗重链可变区和轻链可变区基因片段，分别属于人免疫球蛋白IgM Ⅲ亚群，和鼠κ轻链V亚群，ⅩⅦ家族，用斑点免疫印迹法检测可见表达产物能与人乳腺癌细胞特异结合；人CM－1单克隆抗体对此单链抗体与人乳腺癌细胞的结合有竞争性抑制作用，抑制率为75．7％。结论：成功地制备了可特异结合乳腺癌细胞的CM－1单链抗体。     

抗人肺癌细胞转移相关抗原单克隆抗体的制备及初步鉴定

用转移能力及其它生物学特性不同的2个人肺腺癌细胞系免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备出一组可与人肺腺癌细胞发生特异性反应,而与其它脏器肿瘤组织无交叉反应的单克隆抗体。经初步鉴定,其中的3个单抗分别识别低转移或高转移肺腺癌细胞系表面抗原。     

人源性噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗amylin抗体的初步筛选

目的:构建人源性噬菌体抗体库,从中筛选胰淀素(amylin)单克隆抗体(mAb),测定其特异性及抗原结合活性。方法:从正常健康人的外周血淋巴细胞中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增人免疫球蛋白Fd段和轻链基因,构建噬菌体抗体库。酶切和PCR鉴定后,阳性克隆进行DNA测序分析。用人amylin抗原对抗体库进行筛选富集,将得到的阳性克隆进行Phage-ELISA鉴定,结果进行统计学分析。结果:最终构建的抗体库库容约为0.8×108,酶切鉴定显示有插入片段,抗体库重组率为70%。阳性克隆进行DNA测序证实所获基因为人免疫球蛋白可变区基因。以amylin抗原进行3轮筛选,抗体库得到特异性富集。阳性克隆进行Phage-ELISA检测证实有良好的抗胰淀素抗原的特异性。结论:成功构建了一个人源性噬菌体抗体库,为从中获得人源抗amylin的mAb奠定了实验基础。     

A prospective study of the incidence, time of appearance and significance of anti-paternal lymphocytotoxic antibodies in human pregnancy

The incidence and natural history of serum anti-paternal cytotoxic antibody (APCA) in normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion was investigated prospectively in 306 women (64 primigravidae and 242 multigravidae), in order to establish whether serum APCA is a useful screening test in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Pre-pregnancy, serial pregnancy and post delivery serum samples were tested against partner's lymphocytes, using a microdroplet lymphocytotoxicity assay. The incidence of serum APCA in the 256 pregnancies successfully completed was 32%, compared with 10% amongst the 50 pregnancies ending in spontaneous abortion. The lower incidence of positive APCA tests in unsuccessful pregnancies was explained by our finding that positive APCA tests are related to the gestational age of the pregnancy and are rarely demonstrable before 28 weeks gestation. Since APCA usually disappears between pregnancies, its usefulness as a diagnostic test for immunotherapy against recurrent abortion should be questioned.     

Production and characterisation of a human monoclonal antibody to cytomegalovirus and its use in an early nuclear fluorescence assay

A human monoclonal antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was produced by transforming peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with recent CMV infection. It is directed against a late antigen located in the nucleus of CMV infected fibroblasts at 24-72 hours postinfection and immuneprecipitates 65K and 48K proteins from 35S-labelled CMV infected cells. Results of its use in an early nuclear fluorescence assay for rapid diagnosis are presented.     

抗人白细胞单克隆抗体的特异性及其特性鉴定

目的制备抗人白细胞单克隆抗体（ｍＡｂ），并对其识别抗原及组织的特异性进行鉴定。方法采用分离的人全白细胞悬液免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，取脾细胞与Ｓｐ２／０细胞常规融合，用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ筛选ｍＡｂ，流式细胞仪及免疫组化染色ＳＰ法鉴定其组织特异性。　结果成功地制备１株抗人白细胞　ｍＡｂ，命名为ＳＺ－１０５。ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定其腹水效价为１×１０－５。琼脂糖双扩散鉴定为ＩｇＧ１类。流式细胞仪间接免疫荧光技术及免疫组化ＳＰ法测定表明，ｍＡｂ　ＳＺ－１０５可选择性地与外周血液的粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞呈强阳性反应，而与红细胞及血小板不出现反应。该ｍＡｂ还可与正常人骨髓的白细胞前体起反应。另外，在肝、肺、脾、胸腺及淋巴结正常组织中的巨噬细胞表面，也有ＳＺ－１０５抗原表达。ＳＺ－１０５抗原经亲和层析纯化，再经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ　和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ　ｂｌｏｔ证实，ｍＡｂ　ＳＺ－１０５识别的抗原是相对分子质量（Ｍｒ）为７５　０００左右的单链蛋白多肽。结论　获得１株具有高度免疫学活性和组织特异性的抗人白细胞ｍＡｂ　ＳＺ－１０５，其对研究白细胞的分化、免疫功能，以及隐匿性急、慢性炎症疾病的放免显像诊断都具有一定的临床意义。     

Limitations of the semisynthetic library approach for obtaining human monoclonal autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor of Graves' disease.

Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against the TSH-receptor (TSH-R) which are pathogenic and, upon binding to the receptor, trigger intracellular signal transduction. The autoantibodies are oligoclonal and as they are responsible for disease activity, their characterization would lead to a better understanding of the development of GD. Attempts to isolate anti-TSH-R antibodies from patients have proved to be difficult due to the exceedingly low serum levels due to rarity of these B cells, together with difficulties in obtaining purified TSH-R capable of interacting with patients autoantibodies. We employed phage antibody display technology and performed selection with a previously characterized semisynthetic antibody library on the purified extracellular ectodomain of the TSH-R. We report the isolation of six different anti-TSH-R monoclonal phage antibodies (moPhabs) from this library. All the moPhabs recognized TSH-R and its recombinant fragments by Western blotting, but failed to recognize the native TSH-R by flow cytometry. Consequently, the moPhabs did not lead to TSH-R activation. As these were the first moPhabs to TSH-R, they were analysed in terms of nucleotide and amino acid sequence and epitope specificity on the receptor. The moPhabs used immunoglobulin VH1 and VH3 germ line genes, all associated with Vlambda3 genes. Interestingly, the CDR3 regions of all moPhabs were remarkably similar, though not identical. In light of the common CDR3 usage, the epitopes recognized on TSH-R appeared to be restricted to amino acids residues 405-411 and 357-364. In summary, our results show that semisynthetic libraries may be limited in isolating human monoclonal antibodies that resemble pathogenic antithyrotropin receptor autoantibodies present in patients with GD. It is likely that until preparations of purified TSH-R that can be recognized by patients autoantibodies become available, similar to the recently described glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored TSH-R ectodomain, monoclonal antibodies from phage antibody display to TSH-R will be limited for isolating the rare, pathogenic antibodies of GD.     

抗rhNDPK-A单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的 :研制抗rhNDPK A (recombinanthumannucleosidediphosphatekinase A)单克隆抗体 (mAb) ,并鉴定其特性。 方法 :以纯化的rhNDPK A免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,采用杂交瘤技术制备抗rhNDPK AmAb ;用免疫双扩散鉴定Ig亚类 ;West ernblot鉴定mAb的特异性 ;间接ELISA检测mAb的腹水效价、亲和常数 ,并进行表位分析。结果 :获得 6株可分泌特异性mAb的抗rhNDPK A的杂交瘤细胞系 2D9、8C7、13E2、15D9、15E3和 2 0D9,Ig亚类均为IgG1;其效价为 1× 10 -4～5× 10 -6;亲和常数为 4 .5× 10 -9～ 2 .8× 10 -10 mol/L ;共有3个抗原表位。结论 :获得抗rhNDPK A的mAb ,为进一步用于临床诊断和实验研究创造了条件     

Rescue of human monoclonal antibody production from an EBV-transformed B cell line by fusion to a human-mouse hybridoma

A human-mouse cell line that is hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine sensitive and ouabain resistant was derived from a fusion between human B lymphocytes and a mouse myeloma line. This new mutant, when fused to a relatively unstable EBV-transformed B cell secreting a human monoclonal anti-A (red blood cell antigen) antibody, resulted in stable hybridomas capable of long term production of the specific human monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, some of the hybrid clones secreted antibody in far greater titer than the original EBV cell line. We conclude that fusion to this human-mouse line is an efficient approach to the production of human monoclonal alloantibodies and an effective method of 'rescuing' secretion of desired antibody from EBV cell lines.