Predictors of recurrence following laparoscopic minor hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in the UK

AimsMinor hepatectomy, which is increasingly carried out laparoscopically (LLR), is a cornerstone of curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The majority of relevant publications however originate from regions with endemic viral hepatitis. Although the incidence of HCC in the UK is increasing, little is known about outcomes following LLR.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing minor (involving ≤2 segments) LLR or open resection (OLR) at our institute between 2014 and 2021 were compared. Selection from a plethora of factors potentially impacting on overall (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) was optimised with Lasso regression. To enable analysis of patients having repeat resection, multivariate frailty modelling was utilised to calculate hazard ratios (HR).ResultsThe analysis of 111 liver resections included 55 LLR and 56 OLR. LLR was associated with a shorter hospital stay (5 ± 2 vs. 7 ± 2 days; p < 0.001) and a lower comprehensive complication index (4.43 vs. 9.96; p = 0.006). Mean OS (52.3 ± 2.3 vs. 49.9 ± 3.0 months) and DFS (33.9 ± 3.4 vs. 36.5 ± 3.6 months; p = 0.59) were comparable between LLR and OLR, respectively (median not reached). Presence of mixed cholangiocarcinoma/HCC, satellite lesions and AFP level predicted OS and DFS. In addition tumour size was predictive of DFS.ConclusionsIn the studied population minor LLR was associated with shorter hospital stay and fewer complications while offering non-inferior long-term outcomes. A number of predictors for disease free survival have been elucidated that may aid in identifying patients with a high risk of disease recurrence and need for further treatment.     

Recurrence after anatomic resection versus nonanatomic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis

The impact of anatomic resection (AR) as compared to non-anatomic resection (NAR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a factor for preventing intra-hepatic and local recurrence after the initial surgical procedure remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nonrandomized trials comparing anatomic resection with non-anatomic resection for HCC published from 1990 to 2010 in PubMed and Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Science Citation Index were therefore performed. Intra-hepatic recurrence, including early and late, and local recurrence were considered as primary outcomes. As secondary outcomes, 5 year survival and 5 year disease-free survival were considered. Pooled effects were calculated utilizing either fixed effects or random effects models. Eleven non-randomized studies including 1,576 patients were identified and analyzed, with 810 patients in the AR group and 766 in the NAR group. Patients in the AR group were characterized by lower prevalence of cirrhosis, more favorable hepatic function, and larger tumor size and higher prevalence of macrovascular invasion compared with patients in the NAR group. Anatomic resection significantly reduced the risks of local recurrence and achieved a better 5 years disease-free survival. Also, anatomic resection was marginally effective for decreasing the early intra-hepatic recurrence. However, it was not advantageous in preventing late intra-hepatic recurrence compared with non-anatomic resection. No differences were found between AR and NAR with respect to postoperative morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization. Anatomic resection can be recommended as superior to non-anatomic resection in terms of reducing the risks of local recurrence, early intra-hepatic recurrence and achieving a better 5 year disease-free survival in HCC patients.     

Anatomic resection improved the long-term outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular invasion: A prospective cohort study

BACKGROUNDThe long-term effect of anatomic resection (AR) is better than that of non-anatomic resection (NAR). At present, there is no study on microvascular invasion (MVI) and liver resection types.AIMTo explore whether AR improves long-term survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by removing the peritumoral MVI.METHODSA total of 217 patients diagnosed with HCC were enrolled in the study. The surgical margin was routinely measured. According to the stratification of different tumor diameters, patients were divided into the following groups: ≤ 2 cm group, 2-5 cm group, and > 5 cm group.RESULTSIn the 2-5 cm diameter group, the overall survival (OS) of MVI positive patients was significantly better than that of MVI negative patients (P = 0.031). For the MVI positive patients, there was a statistically significant difference between AR and NAR (P = 0.027). AR leads to a wider surgical margin than NAR (2.0 ± 2.3 cm vs 0.7 ± 0.5 cm, P < 0.001). In the groups with tumor diameters < 2 cm, both AR and NAR can obtain a wide surgical margin, and the surgical margins of AR are wider than that of NAR (3.5 ± 5.8 cm vs 1.6 ± 0.5 cm, P = 0.048). In the groups with tumor diameters > 5 cm, both AR and NAR fail to obtain wide surgical margin (0.6 ± 1.0 cm vs 0.7 ± 0.4 cm, P = 0.491). CONCLUSIONFor patients with a tumor diameter of 2-5 cm, AR can achieve the removal of peritumoral MVI by obtaining a wide incision margin, reduce postoperative recurrence, and improve prognosis.     

INFLUENCE FACTORS TO RECURRENCE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER SURGICAL RESECTION

Duetomanyreasons,therecurrenceofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)aftersurgicalresectioniseasilytakenplace.Thefocusofrecurrencecannotbere-resectedforthegreatpartofthepateints.Thetreatmentoftranscatheterarterialchemoembolization(TAE)wasperformedforthesepatients.Howtodecreasetherecurrencerateandincreasesurvivalrateofthesepatientsisoneofimportantproblems.Thecurrentstudywasestablishedtofindtherelationshipwithprimaryhepatocellularcarcinomaandrecurrencetumors,bysurgicalresectionfindings,pathologicalexa…     

经皮射频消融术治疗外科切除术后复发性肝细胞癌疗效分析

背景与目的：大部分复发性的肝癌结节的直径小于3 cm,且射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗直径小于3 cm的肿瘤结节,其疗效已受到广泛认可。探讨RFA对手术切除术后复发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的临床疗效与安全性。方法：回顾性分析61例手术切除后复发性HCC患者在经动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)结合RFA的治疗下的1、3、5年总生存(overall survival,OS)率和无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)率,并发症发生率,死亡率,完全消融率以及影响患者生存率的独立风险因子。结果：完全消融率为93.4%(57/61),不完全消融率6.6%(4/61)。1、3、5年生存率分别为96.3%、77.9%和77.9%。1、3、5年PFS率分别为48.6%、20.3%和13.5%。消融术后出现主要并发症的患者1例,为肝包膜下出血;无消融治疗相关的死亡患者;消融后住院时间为4~7 d,中位值为5 d。影响OS的独立风险因子为患者HBsAg阳性(P=0.044,HR=7.496,95%CI：1.057~53.152)。结论：RFA治疗手术切除术后复发的HCC安全、有效,能够有效提高切除术后复发性HCC患者的生存率,对改善HCC患者的预后具有重要意义。     

肝细胞癌冷循环射频治疗与手术切除治疗的前瞻性对比研究

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and surgical resection for the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: From January 2002 to June 2009, 87 HCC patients with 3 or fewer nodules, no more than 3 cm in diameter, and liver function of Child-Pugh class A or B were enrolled. Forty-seven underwent RFA while 40 underwent surgical resection. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 69 months. We compared the overall and disease-free survival ra...     

肝细胞癌患者根治性切除术后的生存影响因素分析

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)根治性切除术后总生存期(overall survival,OS)的影响因素.方法 回顾性收集于山东第一医科大学第二附属医院及山东大学第二医院行根治性切除术的1744例HCC患者的临床资料,采用Cox回归分析影响OS的因素,利用R语言survm...     

30例肝癌术后肝内复发灶的再切除治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌术后复发的治疗措施,旨在提高肝癌术后的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自1990年1月至2004年12月手术切除的30例肝癌术后复发的再切除治疗资料。结果30例肝癌术后复发再切除34例次,二次手术30例,三次手术4例,其中包括3例肝移植;第一次手术与第二次手术平均间隔时间为(40.8±13.1)个月,第二次手术与第三次手术平均间隔时间为(23.0±19.9)个月(P<0.05);30例原发肿瘤平均最大直径为(6.5±2.1)cm,复发病灶平均最大直径为(3.8±1.2)cm(P<0.05)。结论再切除治疗复发性肝细胞癌是延长肝癌病人生存时间的有效手段;肝移植治疗复发性肝癌仍在探索中。     

肝切除术治疗合并肝门静脉高压的肝细胞癌患者的疗效与安全性

背景与目的：肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)患者肝硬化伴有肝门静脉高压的比例很高,肝门静脉高压明显增加肝切除术治疗中出血和术后肝功能衰竭的风险。本文旨在评价肝切除术治疗合并肝门静脉高压HCC患者的疗效、安全性,以及肝门静脉高压患者的肝切除术的适应证。方法：回顾性分析2006年1月—2010年12月接受肝切除术治疗的564例肝功能为Child-Pugh A级的HCC患者临床资料,其中486例患者无肝门静脉高压,剩余78例患者合并肝门静脉高压。经倾向性分析校正组间资料平衡后,按1：1比例对患者进行配对。比较两组接受肝切除术患者术后并发症、术后30和90 d死亡率、总生存率和复发率。根据巴塞罗那临床肝癌分期标准(Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging Classification,BCLC)和手术范围大小行亚组分析。结果：肝门静脉高压组患者的术后并发症、术后30和90 d死亡率均显著高于非肝门静脉高压组(P<0.05)。经随访(平均32.1个月),肝门静脉高压组和非肝门静脉高压组患者术后1、3、5年总生存率分别为75%、45%、32%和90%、66%、48%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);复发率分别为31%、57%、73%和26%、53%、67%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.53)。倾向性分析匹配后,两组患者总生存率和复发率相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。亚组分析结果显示,在BCLC-A期和接受小范围肝切除术的两组患者中,总生存率的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：肝门静脉高压并非HCC患者行肝切除术治疗的绝对禁忌证。在合并肝门静脉高压的HCC患者中,BCLC-A期和预计行小范围肝切除术的患者可选择相应肝切除术。     

Roles of conventional and complementary therapies in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. HCC has a reported recurrence rate of 70%-80% after 5 years of follow-up. Controlling tumor recurrence is the most critical factor associated with HCC mortality. Conventional salvage therapies for recurrent HCC include re-hepatectomy or liver transplantation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, Y-90, target therapy, and immunotherapy; however, these conventional treatment modalities have yet to achieve consistently favorable outcomes. Meanwhile, previous studies have demonstrated that conventional therapies in combination with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), acupuncture, moxibustion or dietary supplements could notably benefit patients with HCC recurrence by strengthening and augmenting the overall management strategy. However, systemic reviews related to the interactions between complementary therapies and conventional therapy in recurrent HCC are limited. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of complementary therapies for recurrent HCC, which include augmenting the local control to improve the congestion status of primary tumors and reducing multicentric tumor occurrence via inducing autophagy, apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. TCM and its derivatives may play important roles in helping to control HCC recurrence by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and metastasis, inhibiting cancer stem cells, and ameliorating drug resistance.     

Microwave-assisted liver resection vs. clamp crushing liver resection in cirrhosis patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of microwave-ablation-assisted liver resection (MW-LR) and clamp crushing liver resection (CC-LR) in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and methods: From July 2005 to January 2015, cirrhotic HCC patients who underwent CC-LR (n?=?191) or MW-LR (n?=?112) were retrospectively analysed. We compared morbidity, mortality, disease-free survival (DFS) time and overall survival time between the CC-LR and MW-LR groups.

Results: The blood loss volume was significantly higher in the CC-LR group (mean of 752?ml) than that in the MW-LR group (mean of 253?ml, p?p?=?0.029). The 30-day mortality rate (1.5% vs. 0.8%) and postoperative complication rate (32.9% vs. 25.0%) were both similar between the CC-LR and MW-LR groups. MW-LR provided a survival benefit over CC-LR at 1, 3 and 5 years in the entire population (93.5% vs. 87.0%, 77.0% vs. 62.5% and 50.0% vs. 36.5%, respectively; p?=?0.003). In a subgroup analysis, MW-LR provided a survival benefit over CC-LR for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A (BCLC-A) HCC (p?=?0.026) and stage B (BCLC-B) HCC (p?=?0.035) patients and provided DFS benefits for BCLC-A HCC patients (p?=?0.036).

Conclusions: MW-LR is a safe and feasible procedure for HCC patients with a cirrhotic liver history.     

Prognostic effect of steatosis on hepatocellular carcinoma patients after liver resection

Aims

Overweight/obesity is currently a common health issue that may cause many diseases, even malignancies. The influence of steatosis on long-term results of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well known. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of hepatectomy for HCC patients with steatosis.

Methods

The study included 1048 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC from 1999 to 2005. The patients were divided into two groups; group A patients without steatosis (n = 693) and group B patients with steatosis (n = 355). The clinicopathological data and long-term survival were analyzed.

Results

Mean tumor size in group B patients was smaller than that in group A patients (4.61 ± 3.40 vs. 5.91 ± 4.36 cm, p < 0.01). Group B patients showed lower tumor differentiation grade, lower vascular invasion rate and better 5-year overall survival compared to group A patients (61.2% vs. 50.1%, p = 0.001). By multivariate analysis, steatosis was found to be associated with well-differentiated, small-sized, and less α-fetoprotein productive tumors. When focusing on the tumors >5 cm in diameter, group B patients had better survival rate than group A patients (p = 0.041). Vascular invasion and steatosis were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival.

Conclusion

HCC in steatotic liver was less aggressive than that in non-steatotic liver. HCC patients with steatosis have better surgical outcomes than those without steatosis. Vascular invasion and steatosis were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival if tumors were >5 cm in diameter.     

肝移植治疗原发性肝癌88例临床分析

目的 探讨肝移植治疗原发性肝癌的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析88例原发性肝癌行原位肝移植患者的临床资料。按照国际抗癌联盟（UICC）制定的肝癌pTNM分期标准,随访比较不同分期患者12个月的肿瘤复发和生存情况。结果 术后12个月时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期复发率分别为0、4．8％、40．0％和71．3％（P〈0．01）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期生存率分别为100％、95．2％、71．5％和41．7％（P〈0．01）。结论 Ⅰ、Ⅱ期原发性肝癌适合行肝移植治疗,而Ⅳ期肝癌不是肝移植手术适应证。     

Two-stages resection for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

We performed two-stage resection for sixteen patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma from January, 1987 to July, 1991. All patients underwent various surgical therapies prior to resection which included gauze packing hemostasis in 1 case, hyperthermia plus radiotherapy in 1, hepatic arterial ligation in 2, operative hepatic arterial embolization in 3, and transcatheter embolization in 9. The median interval between the first therapy and tumour resection was 59 days with a range of 29--769 days, and the median diameter of tumours decreased from 10.5 cm to 7.5 cm. The majority of precedures on two-stage resection were irregular hepatectomy or Iobectomy under occlusion of porta hepatis. Regular hepatectomies were done in 4 cases. Pathalogical examination showed complete coagulation necrosis in 3 specimens. However, in the others were still found residual viable tumours. Survival periods of the patients who received two-stage resection were from 4 months to 4 years except 2 operative death. The significance, possibility as well as methods of two-stage resection were discussed.     

Isolated pancreatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor and extrahepatic metastasis is not rare. The most common organ of HCC metastasis is lung, followed by bone and adrenal gland. To the best of our knowledge, isolated pancreatic metastasis of HCC that developed after curative resection has not been described previously. We report a case of solitary pancreatic metastasis of HCC, which was found 28 mo after left hemihepatectomy for HCC. The lesion was successfully resected with the pancreas, and no other metastatic lesions have been found in follow-up.     

Radiation therapy for intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Background. The intrahepatic recurrence rate after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is high, and management of recurrence is thus important for long-term survival. The use of radiation therapy has been relatively uncommon in the treatment of recurrent HCC.Methods. Eight patients underwent radiation therapy for recurrent HCC 12–98 months after hepatectomy. Five of them were treated with protons (250MeV; 68.8–84.5Gy), and three were treated with X-rays (6MV; 60 or 70Gy). One patient received radiation therapy twice for another lesion with a 79-month interval. The target tumors were 1.2–4.5cm. All patients also underwent transcatheter arterial embolization or other regional therapy.Results. Although transient ascites was found in three patients after radiation therapy, no patient died as a result of the irradiation. Seven patients died 9 months to 4 years (median 1 year 6 months) after radiation therapy. Re-recurrence was observed in the irradiated liver in two patients (local control 78%). Four patients died of lung metastasis after radiation therapy. The median survival time was 3 years 3 months (range 1 year 1 month to 8 years 6 months) after recurrence.Conclusion. Multimodality therapy is necessary for the management of recurrence. Radiation therapy could be beneficial when other therapies present some difficulty regarding application or are performed incompletely. It must be emphasized that radiation therapy should be considered in addition to other regional therapies for the treatment of recurrent or re-recurrent HCC, and that radiation therapy can be repeated in selected patients.     

Surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma after Fontan procedure

The Fontan operation has successfully prolonged the lives of patients born with single-ventricle physiology. A long-term consequence of post-Fontan elevation in systemic venous pressure and low cardiac output is chronic liver inflammation and cirrhosis, which lead to an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Surgical management of patients with post-Fontan physiology and HCC is challenging, as the requirement for adequate preload in order to sustain cardiac output conflicts with the low central venous pressure (CVP) that minimizes blood loss during hepatectomy. Consequently, liver resection is rarely performed, and most reports describe nonsurgical treatments for locoregional control of the tumors in these patients. Here, we present a multidisciplinary approach to a successful surgical resection of a HCC in a patient with Fontan physiology.     

腹腔镜与开腹肝脏切除术治疗肝细胞癌的临床疗效分析

  目的  探讨腹腔镜与开腹肝脏切除术治疗肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）的近期及远期临床疗效。  方法  回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年5月在福建医科大学附属第一医院行肝细胞癌切除患者的临床资料,为减少选择偏倚采用逐一配对法进行配对,最终纳入腹腔镜组105例,开腹组105例。比较手术及术后的无瘤生存率以及总生存率,并行统计学分析。  结果  腹腔镜组术后住院时间更短[（8.68±2.82）d vs.（10.61±2.95）d,P < 0.01],肝门阻断率更低（20.0% vs. 41.0%,P < 0.01）,且腹腔引流管拔除时间更早[（4.45±2.53）d vs.（5.40±2.43）d,P < 0.01]。腹腔镜组1、2、3年生存率分别为96.88%、87.54%、79.50%,开腹组1、2、3年生存率分别为94.91%、86.29%、76.37%（P=0.670）。腹腔镜组1、2、3年无瘤生存率分别为72.09%、60.16%、52.08%,开腹组1、2、3年无瘤生存率分别为69.48%、56.50%、48.13%（P=0.388）。  结论  腹腔镜肝脏切除术（laparoscopic liver resection,LLR）治疗肝细胞癌安全可行,与开腹肝脏切除术（open liver resection,OLR）相比,具有相当的远期疗效,同时腔镜组术后住院时间更短、肝门阻断率更低,且引流管拔除时间更早,显示较好的近期疗效。      

48例复发性肝细胞癌再次切除术后的疗效及预后因素分析

目的:分析复发性肝细胞癌行再次切除术后的疗效和影响预后的因素。方法:回顾性分析中山大学附属肿瘤医院和江西省人民医院1995年7 月至2003年7 月48例复发性肝细胞癌患者行再次肝切除术的临床病理资料,包括患者性别、年龄、原发肿瘤和复发肿瘤的病理学特征、再次肝切除术前全身状况、复发的出现时间及生存期等,根据随访结果计算总生存率和无瘤生存率,并作单因素及多因素分析。结果:48例患者再次切除术后中位生存时间36.3 个月,1、3、5 年累积生存率分别为81.3% 、45.8% 、27.1% ,1、3、5 年无瘤生存率分别为70.8% 、25.0% 、16.7% 。单因素分析结果显示:原发肿瘤TNM分期、原发肿瘤伴血管侵犯、复发间隔时间、复发肿瘤大小、复发肿瘤TNM分期、复发肿瘤伴血管侵犯影响再切除术后累积生存率;复发间隔时间、原发肿瘤TNM分期、复发肿瘤大小、复发肿瘤有无血管侵犯、复发肿瘤病理分级和AFP 水平影响再切除术后无瘤生存率。多因素分析显示:复发间隔时间、复发肿瘤TNM分期是影响复发性肝癌再切除术后累积生存的独立危险因素;复发间隔时间、复发肿瘤大小是影响其无瘤生存的独立危险因素。结论:肝内复发间隔时间短（≤24个月）、复发肿瘤直径>5cm、复发肿瘤TNM分期越晚,提示再次切除术后预后不良。