单孔+1腹腔镜全胃切除、D2淋巴结清扫术

因技术难度大、操作复杂及缺乏三角牵拉等原因,单孔+1腹腔镜全胃切除+D2淋巴结清扫+食管空肠吻合术存在技术上的挑战,目前尚未得到广泛应用。在此报道单孔+1腹腔镜全胃切除、D2淋巴结清扫术的初步经验。采用之前报道的单孔多通道通加1个戳孔(5 mm)的方式进行手术。全胃切除、D2淋巴结清扫的手术过程与传统腹腔镜手术方法相同。通过绕脐切口取出标本,使用体外空肠空肠吻合术和体内食管空肠吻合术完成Roux-en-Y重建(overlap)。手术时间198 min,出血量30 ml,没有观察到术中和术后并发症,清扫淋巴结数目50枚。术后排气时间、恢复流质饮食和住院时间分别为第2、4、7天。     

日本早期胃癌治疗现状及发展趋势

微创、保胃、保功能与个体化已成为日本早期胃癌治疗的显著特色。内镜治疗的适应证与根治性评价体系进一步完善。在外科治疗方面,对于无淋巴结转移的病例,推荐D1+淋巴结清扫;对可疑或明确淋巴结转移者,行D2淋巴结清扫。尽管早期胃癌的微创手术已广泛用于临床,但基于现有临床研究,第6版日本《胃癌治疗指南》对微创手术的适应证仍较谨慎,对于临床I期病例,腹腔镜远端胃切除术获强推荐,但腹腔镜近端胃切除术、全胃切除术及机器人手术仅为弱推荐。前哨淋巴结活检结合淋巴引流区清扫、双镜联合手术有望进一步缩小胃切除与淋巴结清扫范围。保留幽门的胃切除术及近端胃切除术开展日益广泛,获指南弱推荐,近端胃切除术的消化道重建推荐食管残胃吻合、双通道吻合或间置空肠,但临床主流是双肌瓣吻合、改良食管胃侧壁吻合（mSOFY）及双通道吻合。早期胃癌手术建议保留大网膜,对迷走神经的保留仍具有一定争议。基于现有证据,无论有无淋巴结转移,早期胃癌均不推荐术后辅助治疗。今后,早期胃癌的治疗将更加精准,微无创、保胃、重功能及个体化的特点将更加显著。     

早期胃癌腹腔镜与开腹根治术的对照研究

目的评价腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌的可行性、安全性、肿瘤根治性以及术后近期疗效.方法回顾性分析2004年8月至2007年8月间68例接受外科手术的早期胃癌的临床和手术资料,其中腹腔镜胃癌根治术31例,开腹胃癌根治术37例;并比较两组的手术时间、术中出血、术后胃肠道恢复、术后住院天数、术后并发症、术后病理及随访等结果.结果全部31例早期胃癌均在腹腔镜下完成胃切除和淋巴结清扫,无中转开腹,其中远端胃大部切除术28例,近端胃大部切除术2例,全胃切除术1例;D1 α式淋巴结清扫16例、D1 β式淋巴结清扫2例,D2淋巴结清扫13例.腹腔镜胃癌根治术的平均手术时间为194.8±50.8 min,与开腹组无显著性差异;术中出血量(138.7±157.3)ml,显著低于开腹组(P＜0.05).腹腔镜手术后肠道恢复功能时间1.8(1～4)d,显著少于开腹组(P＜0.01).腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率为3.2%,与开腹组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).腹腔镜组清扫淋巴结数(9.6±4.4)枚,测量胃近端和远端正常切缘(3.8±1.6)cm及(3.5±1.3)cm,与开腹组比较无显著性差异.术后中位随访15(2～35)个月,腹腔镜组无肿瘤复发或者死亡,开腹组一例因腹膜复发而死亡.结论腹腔镜胃癌根治术是治疗早期胃癌安全、可行、微创、有效的方法.     

腹腔镜全胃切除术后消化道重建的方式

自从1991年日本Kitano等[1]实施了首例腹腔镜辅助远端胃切除术治疗早期胃癌以来,腹腔镜胃癌根治术的切除范围从远端胃扩展到全胃,淋巴结清扫范围从胃周淋巴结清扫发展到标准D2根治,手术指征从早期胃癌推广到进展期胃癌。腹腔镜下实施胃癌手术在技术上已经日趋成熟,     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术D2淋巴结清扫的比较研究

目的探讨腹腔镜下胃癌根治术D2淋巴结清扫的可行性。方法回顾性分析我科2007年1月～2009年3月手术治疗的110例胃癌的临床、病理资料。7例伴有远处转移,1例行腹腔镜下胃局部切除未行D2淋巴结清扫,根据排除标准予以剔除。其余102例行胃癌根治术(D2淋巴结清扫),包括近端胃大部切除+D2清扫术(PG+D2)25例,远端胃大部切除+D2清扫术(DG+D2)60例,全胃切除+D2清扫术(TG+D2)17例。102例根据手术方式分为腹腔镜组38例,开腹组64例。结果腹腔镜组清扫淋巴结数目(22.2±9.9个)与开腹组(23.4±9.4个)比较,差异无显著性(t=-0.651,P=0.514)。三种术式腹腔镜组清扫淋巴结数目与开腹组比较[PG+D2:19.4±7.3(n=8)vs21.2±8.5(n=17);DG+D2:20.9±10.8(n=22)vs22.2±8.0(n=38);TG+D2:28.3±7.5(n=8)vs32.8±12.1(n=9)],差异均无显著性(t=-0.517,-0.526,-0.913;P=0.610,0.601,0.375)。结论腹腔镜下胃癌根治D2淋巴结清扫是可行的,清扫淋巴结数目和开腹手术类似,能够符合肿瘤根治原则。     

完全腹腔镜全胃切除术后的消化道重建

自1991年日本Kitano等[1]实施了首例腹腔镜辅助远端胃切除术治疗早期胃癌以来,腹腔镜胃癌根治术的切除范围从远端胃扩展到全胃,淋巴结清扫范围从D1、D1+发展到标准D2根治,手术指征从早期胃癌发展到局部进展期胃癌[2]。腹腔镜胃癌手术在技术上已日趋成熟。在全胃切除术方面,腹腔镜对食管下段暴露较完全、视野较清晰、游离较便捷。全胃切除术后的消化道重建是手术中的关键和难点,各种     

腹腔镜保留幽门及迷走神经胃切除术治疗早期胃癌

早期胃癌的缩小手术可以在保证根治度的基础上,使患者术后获得良好的生命质量。保留幽门及迷走神经的胃切除是一种保留胃功能的手术方式。腹腔镜技术应用于胃癌治疗中具有低侵袭性、最低限度的小肠麻痹、术后早期康复等优势;同时腹腔镜的放大作用有助于保留神经和胃功能。因此,早期胃癌采用腹腔镜保留幽门及迷走神经胃切除术（LAPPG）的治疗方式受到临床医师的广泛关注。2004年5月至2013年4月大连医科大学附属第一医院胃肠外科对12例早期胃癌患者施行了LAPPG。12例患者均获得随访,随访时间为3—74个月。1例患者于术后22个月死于胃癌肝转移。患者5年累积生存率为86％。该手术可以保留患者胃功能和减轻手术创伤,是治疗早期胃癌比较理想的术式之一。     

腹腔镜根治术在早期胃癌治疗中应用价值

目的探讨腹腔镜早期胃癌根治性手术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2007年5月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院31例早期胃癌行腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的临床资料,包括手术方式、手术时间、术中失血、术后排气时间、术后住院天数、并发症、术后病理和随访等。结果所有手术均在腹腔镜下完成,其中腹腔镜辅助远端胃切除术28例,近端胃切除术2例,全胃切除术1例。腹腔镜下胃周围淋巴结清扫(D1 α)16例,胃周围淋巴结 肝动脉旁淋巴结清扫(D1 β)2例,扩大淋巴结清扫(D2)13例。手术时间195(90~280)min,术中失血146(40~800)mL,术后排气时间1.8(1~4)d,术后住院天数10.8(7~20)d,1/31例(3.2%)病人出现术后吻合口瘘,经非手术治疗后痊愈。手术上、下切缘距离肿瘤为3.8(1~8)cm和3.5(1.5~7.0)cm,手术清扫淋巴结9.6(2~19)枚。术后随访14(2~32)个月,均无肿瘤复发和远处转移。结论腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术是治疗早期胃癌安全、可行、微创、有效的方法。     

早期胃癌手术后死亡的原因和复发

一般而言，早期胃癌的预后良好，10年无病生存率约为90％，但切除手术后仍有一部分病例出现复发。作者复习意大利7家医院于1974～1987年所手术治疗的172例早期胃癌资料，临床病理分析均按日本胃癌研究学会（JRSGC）制定的标准。28例上1／3胃癌均行全胃切除、脾切除和D2淋巴结清扫术。53例下2／3胃癌行全胃切除和D2淋巴结清扫术，其中31例还切除了脾脏。余91例下2／3胃癌行胃次全切除和D0－1淋巴结清扫术，切缘距肿瘤至少2cm。结果（一）死亡原因分析在172例手术病例中，经平均13年的随访达141例，其中7例死于手术（手术死亡率4．1％），…     

近端胃切除和空肠袋间置术治疗早期胃癌的方法与评价

早期胃癌的限制性切除在缩小淋巴清除和胃切除范围的同时必须确保术后有满意的生活质量和预后。作者在1974－1993年间切除胃近端三分之一早期癌58例，淋巴结转移率为34％，第二站淋巴结转移率仅1．7％，且未发现5，6组淋巴结转移。自1994年开始以还端胃切除和空肠袋（J－Pouch）间置术治疗早期近端胃癌门倒。手术方法：在保留胃网膜右和胃右动静脉的前提下切除大、小网膜，在距幽门环小弯侧scm和大弯例10cm连线处切断而保留鲁窦。胃近端向上游离至食管下段并保留脾脏，切断迷走神经前后枝并切断食管下段而完成近端胃切除。清除1，2，3，4s…     

Lower oesophageal sphincter‐preserving Roux‐en‐Y esophagojejunostomy with a jejunal J‐pouch reconstruction‐added His angle formation after total gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer

Aim

The aim of the present study was to prevent post‐gastrectomy disorders (PGD), such as alkaline reflux esophagitis (ARE), early dumping syndrome (EDS) and microgastria, in patients after total gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. We performed lower oesophageal sphincter (LES)‐preserving Roux‐en Y with jejunal J‐pouch reconstruction and His angle formation (LRYJPH). We introduce the application criteria, technical points and results of the LRYJPH procedure.

Patients and Methods

Twenty‐eight patients who underwent LRYJPH in our hospital from October 2014 to August 2015 were studied. The application criteria were gastric cancer patients (stages II, IIIA and IIIB) who could undergo radical surgery and tumour mainly localized at the middle third of the stomach, with its anal side 5.5 cm or further from the esophagogastric mucosa junction. To preserve the LES, the abdominal oesophagus was resected at the level of the His angle. To make a jejeunal J pouch, a plicated jejunal loop of 15 cm in length was made. After end‐to‐side esophagojejunostomy of the jejunal J pouch, a His angle was created on the left‐side abdominal oesophagus.

Results

The patient’s appetite was unchanged compared with before the operation. Symptomatic and endoscopic ARE, food stasis in the jejunal J pouch and microgastria were all absent. EDS was 8.3 per cent. The level of satisfaction after the operation was 100 per cent.

Conclusion

LRYJPH is appropriate to prevent PGD. This procedure is safe and facilities satisfactory results.     

Outcomes of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with esophagojejunal reconstruction for chronic staple line disruption after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy is now a frequently performed bariatric procedure for severely obese patients and may have the lowest frequency of short-term or long-term complications. The aim of this study is to describe our experience in managing chronic proximal leaks with a proximal gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (PGEJ).MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all patients having proximal chronic staple-line disruptions (CSLD) after undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.ResultsFifteen patients had proximal CSLD and were treated with PGEJ. There was 1 (6.6%) releak in this group, which resolved with nonoperative treatment. Other postoperative morbidities in this series included partial small bowel obstruction (n = 1) and subhepatic bile collection (n = 1), both of which resolved without operative intervention.ConclusionPGEJ appears to be a safe and effective procedure for chronic staple-line disruptions after sleeve gastrectomy.     

腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术24例

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的效果。方法2009年1月～2011年12月,行腹腔镜辅助根治性胃切除术24例。腹腔镜下探查腹腔、清除大网膜及预定范围的淋巴结,通过上腹部小切口完成胃肿瘤切除和胃肠重建。结果中转开腹手术1例。余23例完成腹腔镜手术,其中根治性全胃切除术6例,近端胃大部切除术3例,远端胃大部切除术14例。手术时间全胃（171．0±32．5）min,近端胃130、185及210min,远端胃（137．2±40．2）min。术中出血量：全胃（260±80）ml,近端胃190、220、250ml,远端胃（190±50）ml。清除淋巴结（18．4±4．3）枚。术后排气时间（1．4±0．8）d。术后住院时间（12．0±3．4）d。术后随访12～24个月,平均16．3月。复发率21．7％（5／23）。结论腹腔镜胃癌根治术可行、可靠,能够达到与开腹手术相当的根治效果,且具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点。     

Laparoscopically assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy

apd: 12 December 2000     

Cross-sectional review of effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at 1, 3, and 5 years

Background

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy evolved as a primary bariatric procedure without data on longer term outcomes. Our objective was to measure the weight changes and quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at a university hospital.

Methods

The patients scheduled follow-up visits for clinical measurements, blood sampling, and form completion, including the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form questionnaire, the Impact of Weight on the Quality of Life-Lite questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory. Comparisons were performed among patients with a follow-up of 1, 3, and 5 years after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Results

A total of 77 patients (35 at 1, 19 at 3, and 23 at 5 yr) were similar in gender (70.1% women), percentage of body fat, and body mass index by analysis of variance (P = .12; 1 versus 3 yr, P = .04). The 5-year group was older (P = .07). The 3 groups were different in the percentage of excess body mass index loss (P = .04). Differences in the Beck depression inventory were not significant by analysis of variance but were for 1 year versus 5 years (P = .04). For the Impact of Weight on the Quality of Life-Lite total scores, the difference was significant (P = .06; 1 versus 5 yr, P = .027; and public distress subscore at 1 and 5 yr, P = .04). The differences in the other domains were not significant. For the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form, differences in the physical differences domain was significant (P = .001). The differences in physical function, social function, general health, vitality, body pain, and role physical were significant. The differences in mental health and role emotional were not. The differences in the Beck depression inventory scores were not significant using analysis of variance but were between the 1-year and 5-year scores (P = .04).

Conclusion

Patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy had a similar body mass index at 1, 3, and 5 years. However, the percentage of excess body mass index loss was different. No differences were found in the percentage of body fat. The health-related quality of life scores resembled community norms, although the physical health differences in the 3 groups were significant, The Beck depression inventory scores were elevated at 5 years compared with at 1 year.     

Estudio comparativo entre la gastrectomía total y subtotal en el cáncer distal de estómago: metaanálisis de estudios prospectivos y retrospectivos

There is no clear agreement on the type of gastrectomy to be used (either total [TG] or distal [DG]) in middle or distal gastric cancer, especially when it is undifferentiated or Lauren diffuse type. In this meta-analysis, we intend to define which of the 2 techniques should be recommended, based on survival, morbidity and mortality rates. Prospective and retrospective studies comparing both techniques have been included for a total of 6303 patients (3,641 DG and 2,662 TG). DG was significantly associated with fewer complications, fewer anastomotic fistulae, and less perioperative mortality. The number of lymph nodes in DG was significantly lower, but always above 15. Finally, even the 5-year survival of DG was also higher. Therefore, DG, as long as a safety margin is obtained and regardless of the histological type, should be performed in surgery for distal stomach cancer.     

远端极量胃次全切除术

目的探寻远端极量胃次全切除术的可行性和安全性。方法对2005年1月至2007年4月第四军医大学西京医院普通外科远端极量胃次全切除术45例的临床资料进行分析。其中43例胃癌病人施行胃切除术,2例溃疡病行远端胃大部切除术后残胃吻合口溃疡反复出血者,将脾胃韧带内由脾下极向上的数支胃短血管分支离断,在切断胃短血管的近胃底胃大弯缘至贲门下2cm连线切除荷瘤胃。将仅由3支胃短动脉或2支胃短动脉及胃后动脉提供血运的残胃与空肠行Billroth-Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合。结果胃癌术后病理石蜡切片报告上切缘均干净,未发现肿瘤细胞。术后随访2~45个月,未出现吻合口癌及残胃癌复发,未发生胃缺血或吻合口瘘等并发症,术后残胃的功能正常。2例溃疡病行远端胃大部切除术后,残胃吻合口溃疡反复出血者术后无再出血发生。结论仅保留2支胃短动脉及胃后动脉,或3支胃短动脉的远端极量胃次全切除术是一种安全、实用的胃切除方法。     

A meta-analysis of robotic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy in gastric cancer treatment

Robotic gastrectomy (RG) shows potential as an alternative to open gastrectomy (OG), the gold standard in the surgical management of gastric cancer (GC). This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the short-term efficacy and safety of RG versus OG for GC.A systematic literature search was conducted on RG with OG for GC in randomized and semi-randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Published materials and conference papers in English and trace references included in the literature were manually searched. The retrieval period was set to end in February 2021. The quality of the included studies was evaluated, and meta-analysis was conducted using the software STATA 15.1. Eleven studies with 6693 patients were included. Major blood loss (weighted mean differences (WMD) = -114.63, 95 % CI, ?182.37–46.88, P = 0.001), hospital stay (WMD = -2.21, 95 % CI, ?4.32–0.09, P = 0.041), and postoperative complications (odds ratio (OR) = OR = 0.57, 95 % CI, 0.35–0.93, P = 0.025) were fewer in the RS group, and R0 resection (odds ratio (OR) = 6.26, 95 % CI, 2.733–14.35, P = 0.000) occurred more frequently in the RG group than in the OG group. But positive lymph nodes (WMD = ?2.09, 95 % CI,-3.73–0.45, P = 0.012) occurred less frequently in the RG group than in the OG group, and operative time was longer in the RG group than in the OG group (WMD = 83.21, 95 % CI, 19.88–146.55, P = 0.010). RG not only provides a technique for the treatment of GC but is also safe and feasible. This finding needs to be verified by multicenter, large-sample randomized controlled trials in the future.