新生儿窒息——吸入性肺炎(附7例报告)

新生儿窒息是一组以呼吸障碍为主的征候群,是造成新生儿死亡的主要原因.现将我科自1982年7月至1983年8月收治的6例以及参加妇产科会诊抢救的1例新生儿窒息并发吸入性肺炎报告如下.一、一般资料男3例,女4例,其中足月产3例,过期产2例,7个月早产2例.7例中有5例生后即有重度窒息并导致吸入性肺炎,3例痊愈、4例死亡.     

高海拔地区新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的护理

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (ＨＩＥ)是由于围生期缺氧窒息引起胎儿和新生儿的缺氧缺血性脑损害 ,所有引起新儿儿窒息的各种原因都可导致该病。我院地处2 80 8ｍ的高海拔地区 ,含氧量只占平原地区 60 %～70 % ,该病在临床多见 ,且死亡率较高 ,为提高其临床护理水平 ,总结我院 1 996年 1月— 2 0 0 0年 1 2月收治的 2 0例ＨＩＥ患儿 ,现将护理体会报告如下。临　床　资　料　　 2 0例中男 1 3例 ,女 7例 ,早产儿 5例 ,足月儿 1 5例 ,根据ＨＩＥ诊断依据及分度标准 ,轻度 1 4例 ,重度 6例 ,治愈 1 6例 ,死亡 4例。护　　理1 　迅速纠正缺氧状态①均…     

高原地区210例新生儿窒息原因分析

目的:分析高原地区新生儿窒息发生的原因。方法:2012年1月—2014年1月在我院分娩时发生的新生儿窒息共210例,分别从孕周、分娩方式、产科因素、出生体重等方面综合分析高原新生儿窒息发生的原因。结果:胎儿宫内窘迫95例(51.9%)是造成新生儿窒息的主要原因,脐带因素69例(33.6%)及羊水过少68例(31.9%)是产科方面的主要因素。结论:导致高原地区新生儿窒息发生的原因很多,牧区产妇及羊水Ⅱ度~Ⅲ度污染者发生率高,分娩方式与新生儿窒息无直接关系,出生体重及胎龄大小与新生儿窒息密切相关。加强孕期保健,提高复苏技能,提倡多科协作,可预防和减少新生儿窒息发生率。     

罗哌卡因复合山莨菪碱硬膜外分娩镇痛对母婴的影响

 目的 观察连续性硬膜外应用0.125%罗哌卡因和山莨菪碱分娩镇痛对第2产程、分娩方式以及新生儿Apgar评分(新生儿Apgar评分用以判断有无新生儿窒息及窒息的严重程度,是以出生后1 min时的心率、呼吸、肌张力、喉反射及皮肤颜色5项体征为依据,每项为0～2分,满分为10分)的影响.方法 选择条件相同足月妊娠单胎头位、无产科及全身合并症的初产妇,分为镇痛组和对照组,每组为110例,镇痛组采用硬膜外0.125%罗哌卡因和山莨菪碱行分娩镇痛.结果 镇痛效果优良率91.8%,对第2产程无影响,并减少器械助产率,新生儿Apgar评分两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 此方法极大缓解产痛,不增加难产率和分娩并发症的发生,临床上切实可行.     

高原地区73例新生儿护理体会

在海拔为 3 0 0 0ｍ的西藏林芝地区 ,其氧分压为 1 3 .7ｋＰａ ,吸入空气的氧分压为 1 2 .46ｋＰａ,仅为平原地区的 65 % ,特殊的自然环境条件对新生儿的出生、发育提出了许多新课题。为讨论在高原低氧地区新生儿的特殊性与护理 ,本文对西藏林芝地区 1 996年 8月至 1 997年 8月间的 73例新生儿 ,在分析特点、探索规律性的基础上提出护理及保健预防措施的建议。临　床　资　料1　一般资料　本组新生儿 73例 ,其中正常的41例 ,占 5 6% ,早产 7例 ,占 9.6% ;窒息 4例 ,占 5 .4% ;死亡 8例 ,占 1 0 % ;其它 1 5例占2 0 %。从这组统计资料可以看…     

妊娠胆汁淤积症175例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)对围产期影响及其防治对策。方法2001年1月—2006年12月在我院分娩的ICP孕妇175例与同期正常孕妇2 957例作回顾性分析。结果175例ICP中发生早产31例,早产发生率为17.71%;死胎3例,新生儿死亡2例,其围产儿死亡率为28.57‰;新生儿Apgar评分≤7分≥4分者8例,占4.57%;产后出血5例,占2.86%。早产率较正常组高(P<0.01),新生儿窒息率高(P<0.05),羊水粪染率高(P<0.005),产后出血量多(P<0.01)。结论ICP可引起早产,胎儿宫内窘迫及新生儿窒息,增高了剖宫产率及产后出血量,加强产前监护,早期诊断,产时严密观察产程进展、胎心变化、羊水情况,适时终止妊娠,是降低ICP并发症的有效措施。     

新生儿感染性疾病139例分析

目的　回顾我院儿科 5年新生儿感染性疾病情况 ,为新生儿感染性疾病的防治提供依据。方法　分析 139例新生儿感染性疾病分布及败血症血细菌培养结果 ;比较感染性疾病各组早期感染发生率。结果　 1.病种分布 :新生儿脐炎6 5例 (占 46 7% )居首位 ,其次为新生儿肺炎 36例 (占 2 5 9% )。疾病转归 :136例患儿康复 ,死亡 1例、放弃治疗 2例。2 新生儿肺炎组早期感染率为 5 2 8% ,居首位 (P <0 .0 1)。 3 新生儿败血症 2 7例 ,血培养 16例 ,7例阳性中表皮葡萄球菌 5例。 4 2 6例患儿为家中接生 ,其中败血症 13例。结论　新生儿肺炎组早期感染率高 ;败血症血培养多为条件致病菌 ;应加强流动人口新生儿出生管理。     

胎毒清处理新生儿断脐伤口效果观察

正确处理脐带 ,是减少新生儿脐炎 ,降低新生儿病死率的重要保证。 2 0 0 0年 12月开始 ,我院对新生儿按常规法断脐后 ,立即使用胎毒清 (I型 )包扎 ,疗效满意。1　对象和方法1 1　对象　为本院产科出生的正常新生儿 2 0 4例 ,男 10 6例 ,女 98例 ;孕周 37～ 4 2周。均无妊娠期、分娩期并发症及合并症 ,随机分为胎毒清组 10 4例和对照组 10 0例。均为自然分娩、头吸或产钳助产分娩的新生儿 ,体重 2 5 0 0～ 4 0 0 0g ,Apgar评分 1min评分均在 8分以上 ,排除新生儿窒息及早产儿 (体重 <2 5 0 0g)。两组孕妇年龄、孕周、新生儿出生体重、分娩方…     

海岛84例危重新生儿转运救治体会

我院自 1997年建立危重新生儿监护中心 (neonatal in-tensive care unit,NICU )以来 ,共收治基层医院转运的危重新生儿 84例 ,现总结海岛危重新生儿转运救治体会如下。一、资料与方法1.临床资料 :我院 NICU 1997年 7月至 2 0 0 2年 7月共收治海岛转运的危重新生儿 84例 ,其中本岛 (陆地 )转运 4 6例 ,非本岛 (经水上 )转运 38例 ;胎龄 34～ 37周 2 4例 ,37～4 2周 5 4例 ,4 2周以上 6例 ;出生体重 <2 .5 kg 36例 ,2 .5～4 .0 kg 4 3例 ,4 .0 kg以上 5例 ;其中有 3对双胞胎。84例危重新生儿中 ,新生儿窒息 6 0例 ,消化道出血 4例 ,吸入性…     

新生儿重度窒息58例护理体会

新生儿重度窒息是引起围生期死亡及神经系统后遗症的主要原因之一。随着产科技术及新生儿抢救技术水平的提高 ,新生儿重度窒息的病死率逐年下降。为了提高新生儿的存活质量 ,减少新生儿窒息对其以后带来的危害 ,我院总结了 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 7月采用纳络酮抢救重度窒息的患儿 5 8例 ,配合积极有效地护理 ,临床取得满意效果。1　资料和方法1 1　一般资料　 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 7月。我院新生儿重度窒息 5 8例 ,其中男 32例 ,女 2 6例。体重 2 .6～ 4.5ｋｇ ,均为剖宫产足月出生。宫内窒息 38例 ,子宫收缩无力 9例 ,妊高症 3症 ,胎…     

MR line-scan diffusion-weighted imaging of term neonates with perinatal brain ischemia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR diffusion-weighted imaging provides early demonstration of neonatal brain infarction. The evolution and limitations of diffusion-weighted imaging findings in newborns, however, have not been evaluated. Using line-scan diffusion imaging (LSDI), we investigated perinatal ischemic brain injury. METHODS: Nineteen term newborns (age, 9 hours to 8 days; mean age, 2.6 days) with perinatal brain ischemia were evaluated using LSDI (1520/62.5/1 [TR/TE/excitations]) (b maximum = 750 s/mm2) and T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (conventional) MR imaging. Follow-up examinations were performed in seven patients and autopsy in one. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured in deep gray matter, white matter, the cortex, and focal lesions. RESULTS: Based on conventional MR imaging or pathologic findings, patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 12) had symmetric/diffuse injury consistent with global hypoperfusion. Group 2 (n = 7) had focal/multifocal injury suggesting cerebrovascular occlusion. ADCs were abnormal at initial examination in 10 newborns in group 1 and in all newborns in group 2. The results of LSDI were abnormal before conventional MR imaging was performed in three newborns in group 1. ADCs were maximally decreased between days 1 and 3 in deep gray matter, perirolandic white matter, and focal lesions. Delayed decreases in ADCs were observed in subcortical white matter from days 4 through 10 in three patients in group 1. CONCLUSION: After global hypoperfusion, LSDI showed deep gray matter and perirolandic white matter lesions before conventional MR imaging. LSDI may underestimate the extent of injury, however, possibly because of variations in the compartmentalization of edema, selective vulnerability, and delayed cell death. Differences in LSDI of symmetric/diffuse and focal/multifocal lesions may reflect differences in pathophysiology or timing of the injury. These findings may have implications for acute interventions.     

Acute hypoxic encephalopathy in the full-term newborn: correlation between Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and neurological evaluation at short and long term

PURPOSE: To determine which brain metabolite ratios have the strongest correlation with poor neurological outcome in newborns with perinatal asphyxia, whether the correlation is stronger with basal ganglia (BG) and whether a combined approach using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to evaluate the severity of neonatal asphyxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty newborns with perinatal asphyxia were studied within the first week from the hypoxic insult with MRI and MRS. The MRS variables were compared with the assessment of general movements (GMs). The brain metabolite levels measured by MRS were N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho) and lactate and the ratios NAA to Cr, Lac to Cr, Cho to Cr, mI to Cr. RESULTS: High lactate levels and low NAA levels were found in the newborns with the worst outcome; the levels in newborns with good outcome were within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: Correlations between NAA/Cr and Lac/Cr ratios, general movements and outcome at 6 months are stronger in the basal ganglia regions than in the frontal border zone. The presence or absence of lactate may indicate the severity of the brain insult and the combination of MRS, MRI and evaluation of general movements may assist in localising and predicting a long-term brain injury.     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像临床应用价值探讨

目的 探讨冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像的临床应用价值。资料与方法 38例冠状动脉进行多层螺旋CT血管造影,利用多种重建方法进行重建,分析冠状动脉的成像质量及其显示率,以及冠状动脉疾病的影像特点。结果 图像质量的优良率：优28．9％(11／38),良60．5％(23／38),差10．5％(4／38),优良率为89．5％(34／38);冠状动脉分段显示率为：右冠状动脉近段100％(38／38),中段76．3％(29／38),远段60．5％(23／38);左冠状动脉前降支近中段100％(38／38),远段81．6％(31／38),左回旋支近段100％(38／38),远段55．3％(21／38)。发现冠状动脉管壁欠光滑18例,钙化8例,管腔充盈缺损2例,冠状动脉仿真内镜发现冠状动脉夹层1例,管腔狭窄3例。结论 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像可以作为冠心病的一种筛选手段。     

Treatment of advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma with high activity radioiodine therapy

OBJECTIVES: This was a retrospective study to assess the efficacy and morbidity of high activity I therapy in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: From 1975 to 2003, 38 patients with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (16 follicular, 20 papillary, one Hurthle cell, one insular) were treated with high activity radioiodine therapy (9 GBq) as the cancers had previously not responded to standard activities (5.5 GBq). RESULTS: Cumulative total activities received ranged from 11.8 to 84.5 GBq (mean 29.4 GBq per patient). Staging at presentation showed pT4 and/or M1 disease in 27/38 of patients (71.1%). Moderate (grade 2) and poorly differentiated (grade 3) tumours were present in a total of 9/38 patients (23.7%). Outcomes were evaluated according to the results of I whole-body scans, serum thyroglobulin, radiological assessments and physical examination. Neither [18F]flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET) nor 99mTc sestamibi were available during this study. The mean duration of follow-up was 83 months. A complete response was observed in 7/38 patients (18.4%), progressive disease in 27/38 (71.1%) and stable disease in 4/38 (10.5%). The mean survival from initiation of high activity treatment was 36.6 months. For patients with lung disease the mean survival was 45 months, neck disease 38.9 months, bone disease 35 months and multiple sites was 30.9 months. Twelve patients died during follow-up (10 due to thyroid carcinoma). After high activity treatment, 9.7% of patients suffered grade 3 and 3.2% suffered grade 4 WHO haematological toxicity. Significant salivary gland morbidity was observed (30% dry mouth, 27% salivary swelling). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated treatment with high activity (9 GBq) I in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma appears to be of no apparent benefit and may lead to late morbidity.     

Infant urinary metabolomic profile in a fatal acute methadone intoxication

A case report suspicious for a Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is here described. Pathological findings were consistent with an acute respiratory failure while toxicological analysis revealed an elevated blood methadone concentration. Death was then ascribed to an acute methadone intoxication. In addition to the routinary approach, the urinary sample collected at autopsy was investigated with a ¹H NMR metabolomic approach and the identified metabolomic profile was challenged with the urinary metabolomic profiles previously obtained from 10 newborns who experienced perinatal asphyxia and 16 healthy control newborns. Intriguingly, the urinary profile of the methadone intoxicated infant was very similar to those belonging to the perinatal asphyxia newborns, especially to those belonging to the newborns characterised by the worst outcome. The results offer several hints on a shared metabolic derangement between different mechanisms of asphyxia/hypoxia. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a metabolomic approach in a pathological case, in which metabolomics offers useful additional information regarding the mechanism and the cause of death.

     

Computed tomography of thymic abnormalities

Computed tomographic examinations of 38 patients with surgically and histologically proven diagnosis were reviewed. Twenty subjects (52%) had an invasive thymoma and 16% an hyperplasic thymus. Myasthenia gravis was present in 6 cases (16%) of thymic abnormalities, four (10.5%) with invasive thymoma and two (5%) with thymic hyperplasia. Graves' disease was also present in one case of thymic hyperplasia. We emphasize the contribution of CT to the diagnosis and the prognosis.     

乳腺导管内癌的MR强化模式与病理学对照研究

目的 探讨MR动态增强扫描对乳腺导管内癌(DCIS)的诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析38例经病理学证实的DCIS的MR动态增强表现,并与病理学检查结果进行对照研究.结果 38例病理诊断为粉刺型25例,乳头型4例、实性型7例、筛状型2例.5例DCIS在注射MR对比剂后无强化;粉刺型DCIS多表现为管状强化(64%),而非粉刺型DCIS表现为均匀一致强化或延迟环状强化.4例病灶的强化曲线为流入型,18例为平台型,11例为流出型.结论 动态增强扫描MR在DCIS诊断中具有重要作用,但需结合钼靶摄影结果.     

聚焦超声消融联合TACE治疗10 cm以上大肝癌的临床效果分析

目的：初步评价聚焦超声消融（Focused ultrasound ablation,FUA）联合肝动脉化疗栓塞（Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗最大径10 cm以上大肝癌的临床效果及安全性。 方法：回顾性分析近5年在我院接受FUA联合TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者19例（34个病灶）,肿瘤最大径10 cm以上,BCLC分期为B期8例,C期11例。术后通过增强MRI评价局部病灶消融效果,定期复查评价血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）下降效果,应用MRECIST标准评价治疗并发症,随访统计总生存率、中位生存时间(OS)、肿瘤进展时间(TTP)及局部复发时间(TTR)。 结果：（1）所有34个病灶治疗后均达到完全消融（CR）或部分消融（PR）,CR 2例（10.5%）,PR 17例（89.5%）;（2）17例血清AFP升高病例中,治疗后1月AFP均不同程度降低,降至正常2例,11例下降超过50%,4例下降低于50%;（3）患者总OS8～69个月,中位OS 16个月;TTR3～34个月,中位TTR 6个月;TTP2～34个月,中位TTP 5个月。1年、2年、3年的累积生存率分别为：63.2%、26.3%和15.8%;（4）主要并发症包括：发热、皮肤损伤、治疗术区区部疼痛、肝功能损伤、肋骨病理性骨折等,84.4%（38/45）为轻度,未出现治疗相关性死亡等严重并发症。 结论：FUA联合TACE治疗最大直径10 cm以上原发性肝癌,能使患者够获得较好的生存获益,安全性可控,值得深入探讨。