异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的临床分析

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）的临床特征及疗效.方法 118例造血系统疾病患者接受allo-HSCT,可评估aGVHD者113例;回顾性研究分析aGVHD患者的临床特征和疗效.结果 发生aGVHD者54例（47.8%）,中位发病时间27天;研究发现,aGVHD患者对一线治疗有效率为66.7%,其中,32例Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD患者对甲泼尼龙有效者15例（46.9%）,激素治疗无效的aGVHD患者对二线治疗效果不佳（30.8%）;aGVHD治疗后感染并发症是导致患者死亡的主要原因,尤其见于Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD患者.移植后180天存活率分别为：0度aGVHD（89.7±4.6）%、Ⅰ度aGVHD（90.5±6.4）%,Ⅱ度aGVHD（84.7±8.1）%,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD（32.8±24.2）%,表明Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD对移植患者早期生存有严重不良影响（P＜0.05）.结论 aGVHD是allo-HSCT后常见并发症和致死原因,感染是影响aGVHD疗效的重要原因.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后肠道aGVHD的诊断与治疗

急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)是指异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)后100d内出现的皮疹、肝损害、肠炎等临床症状,是Allo-HSCT主要并发症之一,病死率较高。肠道aGVHD是其主要表现,一般出现在皮肤损害后数周,或在没有皮肤及肝脏受损的情况下出现,临床诊断困难。近年来,我院行Allo-     

HLA表型对异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病影响的研究

目的　探讨 HL A表型对 HL A相合同胞供者异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病(a GVHD)的影响。方法　对 116例患者进行 HL A相合同胞供者的异基因造血干细胞移植 ,其中异基因骨髓移植(Allo- BMT) 37例 ,异基因外周血干细胞移植 (Allo- PBSCT) 79例 ,根据患者皮肤、肝脏及肠道的不同表现 a GVHD分为 ～ 度 ,在 111例可评估的患者中观察其 HL A表型与 a GVHD的关系。结果　表达 HL A- A2 位点患者的a GVHD发生率 (6 2 .7% )明显高于无 A2 位点患者 (4 2 .3% ) (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但 度 a GVHD的发生率 (16 .9%、13.4 % )和 ～ 度 a GVHD的发生率 (13.6 %、13.5 % )均无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。其他影响 a GVHD发生率的因素为移植类型、GVHD预防方案和免疫抑制剂早期减量。结论　有 HL A- A2 位点表达者 a GVHD的发生率增加 ,但可通过选择移植方式、预防移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)方案以及免疫抑制剂的减量时间控制 a GVHD的发生。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后FOXP3动态监测的临床意义

目的 探讨FOXP3mRNA水平的动态变化在异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)中的临床意义.方法 allo-HSCT患者27例,12例采用短程甲氨蝶呤联合环孢素A(MTX CsA)预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),15例加用抗CD25强化GVHD预防;发生急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)者11例.采用实时荧光定量PCR反应动态监测allo-HScT患者移植预处理前、移植当天、移植后1、2、4周及aGVHD发生时外周血FOXP3mRNA水平,分析FOXP3mRNA水平的变化与aGVHD发生的相互关系.结果 抗CD25对FOXIr3mRNA水平无影响;Ⅰ～Ⅱ度和Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD组发生aGVHD时FOXP3mRNA水平均较发生前降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 FOXP3是CD4 CD25 Treg细胞的特异性标志,对CD4 CD25 Treg细胞的发育和功能发挥起重要作用,对aGVHD的发生具有保护作用,可作为临床监测aGVHD发生的重要指标之一.     

T细胞调控与异基因造血干细胞移植

异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)是目前治愈造血系统恶性肿瘤的唯一有效手段。近年来allo-HSCT技术发展迅速,移植成功率及患者长期生存率都有很大改善,但急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)及移植后复发仍是allo-HSCT后患者死亡的最主要原因。有效控制GVHD及充分发挥移植物抗白血     

非清髓性异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后植入综合征2例报告

目的：提高非清髓性异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后植入综合征(ES)的认识和诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析2例接受非清髓性异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后发生ES患者的临床表现、治疗及预后。结果：2例分别于术后6天和7天发生ES，经大剂量甲基泼尼松龙治疗后，症状体征迅速消失，但在糖皮质激素减量过程中均发生了急性移植物抗属主病(aGVHD)，其中l例死于aGVHD，另l例死于植入失败。结论：ES是一种不同于aGVHD的移植后并发症，糖皮质激素对其治疗有效；发生ES者或其后发生aGVHD者预后不良。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统移植物抗宿主病的研究进展

正异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT)是对多种血液病治疗有效、甚至是唯一可治愈的治疗手段。研究[1～4]显示,allo-HSCT后中枢神经系统并发症(central nervous system complication,CNSC)发病率在8%～42%,而病死率在40%～70%,严重影响移植后患者长期生存。CNSC可分为药物毒性、感染性、代谢性、脑血管性、免疫性、肿瘤性并发症及微血管血栓病变,而中枢神经系统移植物抗宿主病(central nervous system graftversus-host disease,CNS-GVHD)是免疫性CNSC中的一种特殊类型[3]。由于脑组织难于获取,CNS-GVHD很     

异基因造血干细胞移植后肾脏病变3例临床分析

目的探讨异基因外周血造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后肾脏病变的诊断与治疗。方法对3例异基因造血干细胞移植相关肾脏病变患者的诊治情况进行分析。结果 3例患者肾脏病变的原因分别为药物损害、白血病复发合并严重感染、慢性移植物抗宿主病膜性肾病。例1调整免疫抑制剂、例3联合应用免疫抑制剂骁悉及甲基泼尼松龙,分别无病存活36、23个月;例2治疗无效死亡。结论 HSCT患者出现蛋白尿等肾脏病变时,应及时明确发病原因,采用相应的诊疗措施,必要时应及时进行肾穿刺活检;联合应用免疫抑制剂疗效较好。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后并发脊髓病变GVHD的报告

异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stemcell transplantation,Allo-HSCT)并发中枢神经系统(centralnervous system,CNS)的移植物抗宿主病(graft versus hostdisease,GVHD)临床容易忽视,我科1例急性髓细胞性白血病患者进行Allo-HSCT,术后第16天开始出现以脊髓病变     

Zoledronic acid prevents bone loss after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation

Allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) patients are at increased risk of osteoporosis. Zoledronic acid (ZA) is a potent i.v. bisphosphonate; however, there are few data on ZA use after alloHSCT. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a single 4 mg ZA infusion in alloHSCT patients with either osteoporosis (T-score < -2.5) or rapid bone loss post-alloHSCT. An uncontrolled, prospective study of 12 consecutive patients receiving ZA, predominantly within the first year post-HSCT. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the spine and proximal femur pretransplant, pre-ZA and post-ZA. The median annualized percentage change in total hip BMD between the pretransplant scan and the scan immediately before ZA was -13% (range, -51 to +3.6%). After ZA treatment, the total hip BMD increased by a median of +3.3% (range, -20.4 to +14.8%) in 75% of patients. The median annualized percentage change in femoral neck BMD between the pretransplant scan and the scan immediately before ZA was -13.2% (range, -40 to +1.0%). Post-ZA, femoral neck BMD increased by a median of +1.4% (range, -22.2 to +33.6%). Only one patient continued to lose bone from the femoral neck post-ZA infusion. The median annualized percentage change in spinal BMD pretransplant was -12.5% (range, -38 to +6.9%). Post-ZA, spinal BMD decreased by a median of -2.8% (range, -27.6 to +24.4%). Four patients continued to lose bone from the spine post-ZA. ZA reduces bone loss in most patients after alloHSCT. Our data require confirmation in a larger prospective, randomized study.     

Occurrence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a 6-year retrospective study

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) has become a rare opportunistic infection due to the efficacy of prophylactic regimens. We conducted a 6-year retrospective study at our institution. A total of 13 cases of PCP were diagnosed among 519 patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (2.5%). In three patients, PCP occurred within the first 5 months following HSCT. These severely immunocompromised patients were receiving prophylaxis and had concomitant aspergillosis that caused rapid death in two of them. In 10 other patients, PCP occurred a median of 14.5 months after HSCT. In all these patients, PCP prophylaxis had been discontinued, mainly because of the suspected bone-marrow toxicity of the prophylactic regimen. Median CD4+ T cell count was 131/microl at diagnosis. Seven of these 10 patients were receiving immunosuppressive therapy for chronic graft versus host disease and three had a relapse of their hematological malignancy. One patient died from PCP despite high doses of cotrimoxazole. We conclude that PCP is still occurring after allogeneic HSCT, mainly as a late complication in patients in whom PCP prophylaxis had been prematurely discontinued. Long-term PCP prophylaxis should be maintained in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and in those with low CD4+ T cell counts or a relapse of their hematological malignancy.     

Lymphocyte reconstitution following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective study including 148 patients

Here we investigated the influence of parameters known before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as well as the relevance of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation on post transplant lymphocyte reconstitution in 148 patients treated in our institution between 1996 and 2003. Median patient age was 42 (19-68) years, HSCT followed standard high dose (n=91) or reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (n=57) with bone marrow (BM, n=67) or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC, n=81) from related (n=71) or unrelated (n=77) donors. In the first months, we observed a partially faster reconstitution of CD3+4+, CD3+8+ and CD4+45RA+ T cells in patients following peripheral blood stem cell transplantation when compared to bone marrow transplantation. Prolonged CD3+4+ and CD4+45RA+ lymphopenia was noted after unrelated donor HSCT and GvHD prophylaxis containing anti-T-lymphocyte globulin. Lymphocyte subset counts in patients older than the median age were comparable to those in patients transplanted at a younger age and not influenced by the conditioning regimen. CD3+8+ T cell reconstitution was strongly correlated with CMV reactivation, but not significantly affected by CMV serostatus before HSCT. Incidence or extent of GvHD did not significantly influence lymphocyte reconstitution. Therefore, the source of graft is the most predictive parameter in early lymphocyte reconstitution, but the differences in lymphocyte recovery completely resolved within the first year after HSCT.     

Relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Since allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) represents an intensive curative treatment for high-risk malignancies, its failure to prevent relapse leaves few options for successful salvage treatment. While many patients have a high early mortality from relapse, some respond and have sustained remissions, and a minority has a second chance of cure with appropriate therapy. The prognosis for relapsed hematological malignancies after SCT depends on four factors: the time elapsed from SCT to relapse (with relapses occurring within 6 months having the worst prognosis), the disease type (with chronic leukemias and some lymphomas having a second possibility of cure with further treatment), the disease burden and site of relapse (with better treatment success if disease is treated early), and the conditions of the first transplant (with superior outcome for patients where there is an opportunity to increase either the alloimmune effect, the specificity of the antileukemia effect with targeted agents or the intensity of the conditioning in a second transplant). These features direct treatments toward either modified second transplants, chemotherapy, targeted antileukemia therapy, immunotherapy or palliative care.     

The effect of low-dose aciclovir on reactivation of varicella zoster virus after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation

Patients undergoing haemopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) are at high risk of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, with a significant incidence of dissemination. This study reports a retrospective analysis of 247 allogeneic HSCT recipients receiving anti-viral prophylaxis with low-dose oral aciclovir 400 mg/day, administered until immunosuppression was discontinued and the CD4(+) cell count exceeded 200/mm(3). Viral reactivation was successfully suppressed by aciclovir prophylaxis, with only one case of breakthrough infection. The cumulative incidence of zoster infection at 1 year post transplant was 2% and at 5 years 34%. In all, 64 patients discontinued prophylaxis. Zoster developed in 26 of these, giving a cumulative incidence of infection at 1 year after stopping aciclovir of 39% and at 3 years 44%. Infection occurred in a localised dermatomal distribution in 93% of cases. This supports previous findings that aciclovir prophylaxis prevents early VZV reactivation, although the long-term incidence is not affected as infection occurs once prophylaxis is discontinued. Such infection, however, is mild and localised. This study does not support the idea that use of such low-dose aciclovir regimens reduces the zoster incidence by permitting subclinical reactivation during prophylaxis, and therefore the re-establishment of protective anti-viral immunity.