Vitamin B-12-deficiency affects immunoglobulin production and cytokine levels in mice

To clarify the role of B-12 in the immunological function, serum C3, IgM, IgG, IgE contents, splenocytes expression of CD4, CD8, and CD4 positive intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-4 were examined in B-12-deficient mice, and the effect of the administration of CH3-B-12 was also studied. Serum C3, IgM and IgG contents were lower in B-12-deficient mice than in the control mice. On the other hand, serum IgE content was significantly higher in B-12-deficient mice, and the value in CH3-B-12 administered mice, administered CH3-B-12 to B-12-deficient mice for 48 h before the end of feeding period, showed a tendency to recovery. CD4+CD8- cells and CD4+CD8-/CD4-CD8+ ratio in splenocytes were significantly higher in B-12-deficient mice than in control mice. CD4+IFN-gamma+ cells was significantly lower in B-12-deficient mice than in control mice, and CD4+IL-4+ was significantly higher in B-12-deficient mice than in control mice. These results suggest that B-12-deficiency causes CD4+CD8-T cells shift from the T helper type 1 to the T helper type 2, which participate in the IgE production and elevates CD4+CD8-/CD4-CD8+ ratio. Thus, B-12 plays a role in maintaining the immune function in mice.     

Decreases in CD8+ T, naive (CD4+CD45RA+) T, and B (CD19+) lymphocytes by exposure to manganese fume

To examine the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn) on the cellular and humoral immune system in men, T lymphocyte subpopulations, B (CD19+) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and serum immunoglobulins (i.e., IgG, IgA and IgM) together with total T (CD3+) lymphocytes and total lymphocytes were measured in blood samples from 21 welders mainly exposed to Mn fume with blood Mn (BMn) concentrations of 0.6-2.3 (mean 1.4) microg/dl and 21 healthy controls working in the same factory (BMn concentrations: 0.7 to 1.7, mean 1.1 microg/dl). The workers engaged in welding for 6 to 36 (mean 17) yr. All the study subjects were divided into 3 equally sized groups (n=14 for each group) according to BMn concentrations. Numbers of CD8+ T, total T (CD3+), B (CD19+), and total lymphocytes were significantly lower in high-BMn group than those in low-BMn group; the numbers of CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly lower in moderate-BMn group compared to low-BMn group. After adjusting for age and smoking, significant inverse correlations between BMn concentrations and CD4+CD45RA+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD3+ T, and total lymphocytes were found. We conclude that T lymphocytes, especially CD8+ and CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes, as well as CD19+ B lymphocytes are affected by exposure to Mn fume.     

维生素A作为免疫佐剂用于提高儿童免疫功能的临床研究

目的:研究反复呼吸道感染患儿血清Vit A含量与免疫功能变化,探讨Vit A作为免疫佐剂用于增强儿童免疫功能的可行性。方法:①收集反复呼吸道感染儿童(实验组)60例,并设对照组20例,年龄均为6个月~3岁。将实验组随机分为A、B两组,A组按常规剂量补充Vit A,B组为对照观察组。②采用微量荧光法检测实验组及对照组Vit A含量,应用流式细胞仪和免疫透射比浊法分别检测血淋巴细胞亚型CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD4+/CD8+和免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM及C3。结果:实验组Vit A含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),淋巴细胞亚型除CD8+、免疫球蛋白除IgM外均较对照组明显降低;补充Vit A组Vit A含量较未补充组明显上升,血免疫指标除CD3+CD8+上升不明显外,余均明显高于非补充组;对实验组各项免疫指标进行相关分析,血清Vit A含量与CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、Ig A呈正相关,与CD3+CD8+呈负相关,与IgG、IgM和C3相关不明显。结论:反复呼吸道感染患儿体内Vit A含量及免疫功能均明显降低,对其补充Vit A后体内免疫指标随Vit A含量上升而升高。Vit A可作为免疫佐剂用于增强儿童免疫功能,其用量按Vit A缺乏症常规治疗剂量补充即可。     

Decrease of suppressor-inducer (CD4+ CD45RA) T lymphocytes and increase of serum immunoglobulin G due to perceived job stress in Japanese nuclear electric power plant workers

To clarify the effects of perceived job stress on the immune system, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 116 male Japanese workers of a nuclear electric power plant (age, 20 to 39; mean, 31 years). Perceived job stress, i.e., psychological job demand, job control, worksite social support, and job strain, was assessed by means of the Japanese version of the Job Content Questionnaire. The job strain score was calculated as the ratio of the job demand score to the job control score. Blood samples were taken from all workers, and numbers of T and natural killer cell subpopulations, B lymphocytes, total lymphocytes and white blood cells, and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgD) in their blood were measured. The workers were divided into higher and lower strain groups according to their job strain scores. The number of CD4+ CD45RA+ T lymphocytes in the higher strain group having the job strain score of 0.5 or more (41 workers) was significantly smaller than that in the lower strain group having the score of less than 0.5 (75 workers). In contrast, the serum IgG concentration in the former group was significantly higher than that in the latter group (analysis of covariance with age and smoking as covariates). Also, the numbers of total CD4+ T and total T (CD3+) lymphocytes and of white blood cells in the former group were significantly smaller than those in the latter group. After controlling for age and smoking by the partial correlation coefficient in all 116 workers, the number of CD57+ CD16+ natural killer cells was inversely correlated with job demand and with job strain; the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes was positively correlated with worksite social support; and serum IgG and IgM concentrations were positively correlated with job strain. It is suggested that higher job strain decreases the number of CD4+ CD45RA+ T lymphocytes in male Japanese workers but increases serum IgG concentrations.     

Dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus, Bispan strain, modulates natural killer cell and T cell subset populations and immunoglobulin G levels in human subjects

A probiotic is a viable microbial dietary supplement that has beneficial effects such as prevention and treatment of specific gastrointestinal disorders, including counteracting gut barrier dysfunction associated with inflammation and infection. Probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus, which is commonly called Bispan strain, has been appropriately used for the treatment of long-term intestinal disorders. The use of B. polyfermenticus for immune-related chronic intestinal disease may be appropriate considering that about 80% of the body's immune system is localized in the gastrointestinal tract. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic B. polyfermenticus on the immune response of human subjects through the quantification of immune cell population and serum levels of immunoglobulins (Igs). Twenty-five male subjects, 20-35 years of age, were randomly assigned to either a control group (n =12) supplemented with a placebo or the experimental group (n = 13) supplemented with B. polyfermenticus tablets at a dose of 3.1 x 10(8) colony-forming units/day for 8 weeks. Dietary intake analyses from 3-day dietary records from three consecutive days including one weekend day and two weekdays revealed no significant differences in total energy and nutrient intakes between the two groups. The humoral immune response was monitored by the number of total B lymphocytes and serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM. To investigate the changes in immune cell populations, percentages of total T lymphocytes, CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells were quantified. The concentration of IgG in the experimental group was 12% higher than in the placebo group after 8 weeks of Bispan supplementation. Also, the percentages of CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+cytotoxic T cells, and CD56+ NK cells in the Bispan strain-supplemented group were 32%, 28%, and 35% higher, respectively, compared with the control group. Because of a higher increment of the CD4+ T cell subset than CD8+ T cells, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells was greater in the experimental group. This study suggests that the supplementation of B. polyfermenticus has a potentially positive effect on immune function by enhancing IgG production as well as by modulating the number of immune cell population such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells.     

密闭空调环境对人体体液免疫和细胞免疫水平的影响

目的：探讨在密闭空调环境下工作的人群体液免疫和细胞免疫水平的变化。方法：用免疫球蛋白测定试剂盒测定人体血清中IgG,IgA,IgM，用酶免定量测试试剂盒测定人体血清中IgE，应用APAAP法测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果：在密闭空调下工作的人群血清中IgG,IgA,IgM水平以及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD4^ /CD8^ 呈下降趋势，而CD8^ 则升高，与对照组比较，IgM,CD4^ ,CD8^ ,CD4^ /CD8^ 两的差异具有非常显性意义（P＜0．01）。结论：长期在密闭空调环境下工作可引起人体免疫功能下降，使人体更容易受到细菌病毒感染。     

Zinc-deficient rats have fewer recent thymic emigrant (CD90+) T lymphocytes in spleen and blood

It has been hypothesized that increased expression of the signaling protein p56(lck) disrupts maturation of T lymphocytes, leading to the lymphopenia associated with dietary zinc deficiency and malnutrition. Our objective was to examine p56(lck) protein levels, flow cytometric markers of T cell development (CD4, CD8, TCRalphabeta, TCRgammadelta and CD90) and absolute cell numbers in thymus, spleen and blood of zinc-deficient (ZD), diet-restricted (DR) and control (CTL) rats. Recent thymic emigrant (CD90+) T lymphocytes were also investigated after dietary repletion. P56(lck) protein levels were one- to twofold greater in thymocytes than splenocytes, and ZD rats had more thymocyte p56(lck) protein than CTL rats. In the thymus and blood, the proportions of T lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4-CD8-, CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD- or CD4-CD8+) were unchanged, except for a higher percentage of TCRalphabeta+CD-CD8+ thymocytes in ZD rats. The 15-29% fewer CD90+ T cells in the blood and spleen of ZD rats were reversed after dietary repletion for 7 and 23 d, respectively. In summary, T-cell numbers were proportional to thymus and spleen weights and unaltered per unit blood volume, despite elevated thymocyte p56(lck) protein in ZD rats. In zinc deficiency, the decreased percentages of CD90+ cells in the blood and spleen could adversely affect the T-cell repertoire.     

不同喂养方法对烫伤大鼠免疫功能康复影响

目的观察3种不同喂养方法对烫伤大鼠免疫功能康复影响,探讨促进烧伤机体免疫功能康复方法。方法健康Wistar大鼠100只,随机分成药膳组、肉汤组、常规组(n=30)和对照组(n=10)。药膳组、肉汤组、常规组于伤后3、71、4 d各取10只,正常对照组假伤后立即处死取材,检测T淋巴细胞亚群和自然杀伤细胞(NK)细胞活性、血浆IgAI、gGI、gM、补体C3、C4含量、肠道sIgA含量。结果烧伤药膳组CD3+、CD4+、NK细胞活性分别为(61.87±6.75)%(、33.14±4.91%)(、9.68±1.31)%,IgAI、gGI、gM、C3、C4及肠道sIgA含量分别为(50.24±8.11)(、197.8±23.2)(、161.9±20.6)(、196.0±24.3)(、73.4±9.4)mg/L和(34.6±8.2)μg/mL,均低于对照组,CD 8+([34.33±2.87)%]高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);与肉汤组、常规组比较,药膳组各免疫指标均恢复较快(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论药膳喂养可以改善烫伤大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群分布,提高NK细胞活性和肠黏膜细胞sIgA水平,促进机体免疫功能康复。     

CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响

目的观察CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞（CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg）对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响。方法将卵白蛋白（OVA）免疫耐受大鼠CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg细胞过继转移给哮喘大鼠,然后观察支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞计数及分类,ELISA检测BALF中IL-4、IL-5和IFN-1及血清OVA特异性IgE含量,HE染色观察肺组织的病理改变。结果与哮喘组比较,过继转移CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg细胞后哮喘大鼠BALF中细胞总数、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞百分率降低（P〈0．05）,嗜酸性粒细胞（Eos）百分率明显降低（P〈0．01）;BALF中IL4和IL-5含量明显降低,IFN-1含量明显升高,血清OVA特异性IgE含量明显降低（P〈0．05）;气道炎症明显减轻。结论过继转移OVA免疫耐受大鼠CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg细胞可以明显抑制哮喘的慢性气道炎症。     

Increase in Memory (CD4+CD29+ and CD4+CD45RO+) T and Naive (CD4+CD45RA+)T-Cell Subpopulations in Smokers

To examine the effects of smoking on lymphocyte subpopulations, we measured the following cell subpopulations: CD4+ T-cell subpopulations (i.e., CD4+CD29+, CD4+ CD45RO+, and CD4+CD45RA+ cells); CD8+ T-cell subpopulations (i.e., CD8+CD11a+ and CD8+CD11b+ cells); and natural killer cell subpopulations (i.e., CD16+CD57-, CD16+CD57+, and CD16-CD57+ cells). We measured these subpopulations, together with total CD4+ T, total CD8+T, total CD3+T, B (CD19+), and total lymphocytes, in 10 male heavy smokers, 38 male light-to-moderate smokers, and 33 male nonsmokers. The mean ages were 30 y, 31 y, and 32 y, respectively, and ages did not vary significantly among the smokers. CD4+CD29+ and CD4+CD45RO+ (memory T) cells in heavy smokers were significantly more numerous than those in light-to-moderate smokers and nonsmokers. Also, these memory T-cell subpopulations were significantly more numerous in light-to-moderate smokers than in non-smokers. The number of CD4+CD45RA+ (naive T) cells was significantly larger in heavy smokers than nonsmokers; numbers of CD4+CD45RO+ T and CD4+CD29+ T cells (memory T cells) were significantly correlated with daily cigarette consumption. Numbers of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD19+ B, and total lymphocytes in heavy smokers were significantly larger than in nonsmokers. There were significantly more CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and total lymphocytes in light-to-moderate smokers than in nonsmokers. The numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes in heavy smokers were significantly larger than in light-to-moderate smokers. Perhaps CD4+ T cell subpopulations, especially memory T cells, are most susceptible to the effects of smoking on lymphocyte sub-populations.     

早期全肠外营养及肠内、外混合营养对神经外科危重患者免疫功能的影响

目的探讨早期给予全肠外营养（TPN）及肠内营养（EN）、肠外营养（PN）混合支持对神经外科危重患者免疫功能的影响。方法采用前瞻性对照研究将神经外科危重患者按入院顺序随机分为TPN组及EN＋PN组,并对比营养支持前后两组CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4／CD8、CD3／CD25、IgA、IgG、IgM、血清白蛋白的变化。结果给予神经外科危重患者两种营养支持均可提高其CD3、CD4、CD8及CD3＋／CD25＋比值（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;两种营养支持方式均可显著升高IgA、IgG、IgM、（P〈0．05）及血清白蛋白浓度（P〈0．01）。与TPN组比较,EN＋PN组CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4／CD8比值、IgA、IgG、IgM浓度及血清白蛋白水平均显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论早期TPN及EN＋PN支持均可促进神经外科危重患者免疫功能的恢复及提高,EN＋PN的作用优于TPN,对于神经外科危重患者应早期给予营养支持治疗。     

Alterations in serum cortisol, CD4+ CD8+ lymphocyte sub-population ration and T cell mediated suppression of immune responses in the malnutrition of anorexia nervosa

Serum cortisol and T lymphocyte sub-populations (CD3+, 4+ and 8+) were studied in 22 consecutively admitted patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) who had a mean weight loss of 30%. In addition Concanavalin A (Con A) mitogen induced T cell suppression of lymphocyte response to PPD (purified protein derivative of tuberculin antigen) was analysed. Increased serum cortisol concentrations were found in the AN-patients compared to the control group, with mean levels 654 and 418 nmol/l respectively. The relative numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes (mean 36.2%) and the CD4+ CD8+ ratio (mean 1.54) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the AN-patients compared to the control group (mean 41.6% and 2.14 respectively). T cell mediated, Con A induced suppression of lymphocyte response to PPD was increased in AN-patients compared to the control group with low (1mug/ml) Con A concentration, but unchanged with high (5 mug/ml) Con A concentration. There was no correlation between serum cortisol concentrations and the numbers of T lymphocyte subpopulations or T cell suppressor activity. In contrast, a highly significant correlation existed between serum cortisol and the duration of AN (p < 0.002), but not with relative weight loss or anthropometric variables: triceps skin-fold (TSF) and arm muscle circumference (AMC). Immunological variables were not correlated with duration of disease. Thus, immunological alterations of the T cell system are detectable in AN, but are subtle and their clinical importance is not well known.     

Effects of occupational metallic mercury vapour exposure on suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T lymphocytes and CD57+CD16+ natural killer cells

Objectives: To examine the effects of metallic mercury vapour on the cellular and humoral immune system. Methods: We measured T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell subpopulations, B lymphocytes, and serum immunoglobulins (i.e. IgG, IgA and IgM) together with total T (CD3+) lymphocytes and total lymphocytes in blood samples from 20 male, fluorescent-lamp makers (mercury workers) and the same number of gender-, age- and smoking-matched controls. Urinary concentrations of inorganic mercury (UHg) in the 20 workers ranged from 1.8 to 163.5 (mean 44.8) μg/l. They had been exposed to mercury vapour for 4 to 62 (mean 31) months. Results: Numbers of CD4+CD45RA+ (suppressor-inducer) T lymphocytes and total CD4+ T lymphocytes in the mercury workers were significantly smaller than those in the controls (paired-sample t-test, P < 0.01). The number of CD57+CD16+ NK cells was inversely correlated with UHg. Conclusion: It is suggested that numbers of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes and CD57+CD16+ NK cells are inversely affected by exposure to metallic mercury vapour in workers, with an average urinary inorganic mercury concentration of 45 μg/l being found. Received: 7 September 1999 / Accepted: 6 May 2000     

学龄儿童VA、VC、VE摄入水平对免疫功能影响

目的 探讨膳食维生素A(VA)、维生素C(VC)、维生素E(VE)对儿童免疫功能的影响.方法 选择河北省唐山市2所小学293名1～6年级学生进行一般情况、食物摄取频率和膳食调查,其中262名学生经家长知情同意后采静脉血测定免疫功能指标;营养计算器V1.6转换数据,SPSS 11.5统计软件进行分析.结果 VA摄入水平为40%～20%推荐摄人量(RNI)时,CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、白介素-2(IL-2)、IgG及IgM分别为(27.83±12.38)%,1.23±0.12,(142.07±34.67)g/L,(10.49±0.47),(1.73±0.02)g/L,与参考值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);VC摄入水平对CD3~+、IgA及IgM有影响,当摄入水平分别低于100%和80%RNI时,CD3~+、IgA低于参考值;低于60%RNI时,IgM高于参考值;当VE摄入水平低于120%、80%和80%适宜摄人量(AI)时,受其影响的CD4~+、IL-2及IgG低于参考值.结论 当VA摄人量≥120%RNI、VC摄入量≥120%RNI、VE摄入量≥160%AI时,对各免疫功能指标影响方能处于正常.     

学龄儿童维生素A、C、E摄入量与免疫水平关系

目的 了解学龄儿童维生素A、C、E摄入水平、免疫指标水平及其相关关系.方法 选取1～6年级学生293人进行食物摄取频率和膳食调查,对家长知情同意的262人采静脉血测定血浆维生素、全血T淋巴细胞亚群和血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、免疫球蛋白.结果 学龄儿童维生素A、C、E摄人量与其血浆含量均呈正相关;维生素A、C、的平均摄入量低于推荐摄入量(RNI),摄入不足RNI的分别占52.62%和35.59%,血浆缺乏率分别为11.1%和15.3%,亚临床缺乏率分别为29.O%和21.4%;维生素E的摄入量高于适宜摄入量(AI),血浆水平低于参考值的占9.92%.儿童各免疫指标中,CD+3细胞百分比、CD+4/CD+8、IL-2和leA水平低于参考值,IL-2、CO+3、CD+4、CO+4/CD+8和IgG、leA、C3低于参考值范围分别占54.96%,22.14%,37.79%,29.41%和17.18%,22.52%,5.73%;CD+8和IgM高于参考值者分别占23.66%和12.60%.维生素A摄人量与IL-2、CO+4、CO+4/CD+8和IgG呈正相关,与IgM呈负相关;维生素C摄人量与CO+3、CO+4/CO+8和leaA正相关,与IgM呈负相关;维生素E摄入量与IL-2、CD+4和IgG呈正相关.结论 学龄儿童维生素A、C营养水平较低,维生素A、C、E摄入量与免疫指标水平有相关性.     

HBV携带者细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的变化

目的 探讨HBV携带细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的变化。方法 以ELISA法筛检确诊为HBsAg阳性而肝功能正常的50名HBV携带为观察对象，用免疫球蛋白测定试盒测定人体血清中的IgG、IgA、IgM，用酶免定量测定试剂盒测定人体知清的IgE，应用APAAP法测定人体外周血中的T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 HBV携带IgG、IgA、IgM水平比对照组有所下降，两差异具有显性意义（P＜0．05），IgE水平两差异无显性。HBV携带CD3^ 、CD8^ 均明显高于对照组（P＜0．05），CD4^ /CD8^ 低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论 HBV携带体液免疫水平低下，HBV感染可激活CD3^ 、CD8^ T淋巴细胞的活性，引起HBV携带细胞免疫功能紊乱。     

The effects of a short-term long-chain-triglyceride infusion on the postoperative immune function of pediatric patients receiving a gastrointestinal surgical procedure

OBJECTIVE: This clinical trial investigates whether short-term administration of long chain triglycerides (LCT) has any influence on the immune function in children following gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS: Sixty pediatric patients receiving a gastrointestinal operation were randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 36) and the control group (n = 24). After abdominal operation, the subjects received parenteral nutrition (PN) support with or without LCT for 5 days. The patients' fasting blood samples were respectively collected at 24 hours preoperative, then 24 hours and 120 hours postoperative. Blood parameters related to the patients' immune function were measured. RESULTS: Before surgery and LCT treatment, the experimental group and control group did not differ significantly in overall state of health. Except for a small increase of serum IgM at 24 hours postsurgery (p < .05), all parameters representing the patients' immune function showed no significant difference between the LCT group and the control group with respect to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), T lymphocyte, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, complement C3, C4, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IFN-gamma (p > .05, respectively) before the operation, 24 hours and 120 hours after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term LCT administration at an appropriate dosage and infusion speed does not alter the pediatric patients' immune function after gastrointestinal surgery. The etiology and clinical significance of the slightly increased IgM 24 hours postsurgery need to be further investigated.     

铅暴露对学龄前两性儿童免疫系统的影响

目的 :探讨环境铅暴露对学龄前儿童免疫系统影响的性别差异。方法 :石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪对 2 17名学龄前儿童进行血铅测定 ,流式细胞仪检测铅中毒对不同性别学龄前儿童 T淋巴细胞亚群 CD+3、CD+3CD+4 、CD+3CD+8以及 B细胞 (CD- 3CD+1 9)、NK细胞 (CD- 3CD+1 6 CD+56 )的影响 ;散射比浊法检测免疫球蛋白 Ig G、Ig M水平。结果 :铅中毒的女童 CD+3CD+4 、CD+3CD+4 / CD+3CD+8、Ig G、Ig M与对照组比较均出现明显下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而男童与对照组间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :铅中毒对学龄前女童免疫系统的影响大于男童     

Feeding dried purple laver (nori) to vitamin B12-deficient rats significantly improves vitamin B12 status.

To clarify the bioavailability of vitamin B12 in lyophylized purple laver (nori; Porphyra yezoensis), total vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 analogue contents in the laver were determined, and the effects of feeding the laver to vitamin B12-deficient rats were investigated. The amount of total vitamin B12 in the dried purple laver was estimated to be 54.5 and 58.6 (se 5.3 and 7.5 respectively) microg/100 g dry weight by Lactobacillus bioassay and chemiluminescent assay with hog intrinsic factor respectively. The purple laver contained five types of biologically active vitamin B12 compounds (cyano-, hydroxo-, sulfito-, adenosyl- and methylcobalamin), in which the vitamin B12 coezymes (adenosyl- and methylcobalamin) comprised about 60 % of the total vitamin B12. When 9-week-old vitamin B12-deficient rats, which excreted substantial amounts of methylmalonic acid (71.7(se 20.2) micromol/d) in urine, were fed the diet supplemented with dried purple laver (10 microg/kg diet) for 20 d, urinary methylmalonic acid excretion (as an index of vitamin B12 deficiency) became undetectable and hepatic vitamin B12 (especially adenosylcobalamin) levels were significantly increased. These results indicate that vitamin B12 in dried purple laver is bioavailable to rats.     

不同营养途径对危重症病人营养和免疫功能的影响

目的:观察比较不同营养支持途径对危重症病人的治疗效果.方法:选择ICU危重症病人45例,分为A组(PN支持) 、B组(EN支持)和C组(PN+EN支持),每组各15例.分别于营养支持前和连续营养支持治疗8 d后测体质指数(BMI)、血清总蛋白(TP)、ALB、Hb、淋巴细胞总数(TLC)、IgA、IgG和 IgM、 T细胞亚群(CD3、CD4、CD8)百分比,并进行临床营养指标和免疫指标的分析对比.结果:给予营养支持8 d后,42例(93.3%)病人康复,3例(6.7%)死于原发病.三组病人的Hb均明显升高,EN组和PN+EN组的TP、ALB较PN组有显著升高,EN组TCL和IgM、PN+EN组IgG和IgM均较PN组升高.结论:三种途径营养支持均可改善危重症病人的营养状况和免疫功能,EN或联合EN的效果更加明显.在危重症病人的治疗中,可根据病人的不同情况,合理地选择营养支持方式.