卵巢透明细胞癌临床治疗效果研究

背景与目的:卵巢透明细胞癌相比于其他卵巢上皮性癌,其预后较差,本文对本院卵巢透明细胞癌患者生存率作分析比较,探讨CAP[表柔比星(E-ADM)、顺铂(DDP)加环磷酰胺(CTX)]方案加用丝裂霉素(MMC)后的治疗效果。方法:对本院于1999年1月1日至2002年12月31日接受治疗的卵巢透明细胞癌共33例(A组),同时随机取37例卵巢其他上皮性癌的患者作对照(B组)。Ⅰ期患者行全子宫 双附件 大网膜切除 阑尾切除 淋巴结分期术),2例患者需要生育的卵巢癌患者行患侧附件切除 对侧卵巢活检 大网膜切除 阑尾切除术术。Ⅱ期以上的患者行肿瘤减灭术(tumor reductive surgery,TRS)尽可能使残余灶<1cm,2组患者均在术后化疗均采用CAP方案(静脉应用),但A组患者CAP方案中加用了丝裂霉素。A组患者与仅用CAP方案的透明细胞癌患者(C组)Ⅰ/Ⅱ期15例及Ⅲ/Ⅳ期9例相比较。结果:术前A组与B组Ⅰ/Ⅱ血清CA125差异有显著性,卵巢透明细胞癌血清CA125水平值较低,Ⅲ/Ⅳ期血清CA125差异无显著性。在3次及6次化疗后与化疗前Ⅰ/Ⅱ期A组及B组血清CA125差异有显著性,而Ⅲ/Ⅳ期血清CA125下降水平差异无显著性。A组卵巢透明细胞癌患者中有11例有子宫内膜异位症(33.33%),有7例患者出现深静脉血栓(21.21%),有深静脉血栓的患者与生存率无直接关系(P=0.26)。Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者的平均生存时间分别为:A组38.3±2.4个月,B组38.3±2.7个月,Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者A组与B组用Log Rank检验相比较4年生存率差异无显著性(P=0.471),Ⅲ/Ⅳ期患者的平均生存时间分别为:A组20±3个月,B组34±4个月,Ⅲ/Ⅳ期患者A组与B组相比较用Log Rank检验4年生存率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。C组患者Ⅰ/Ⅱ期15例,平均生存时间为:30±3个月,与A组用MMC的透明细胞癌患者Ⅰ/Ⅱ期23例比较生存率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。C组患者Ⅲ/Ⅳ期9例,均死亡。平均生存时间为18±3个月。与A组用MMC的透明细胞癌患者Ⅲ/Ⅳ期10例比较生存率差异无显著性(P=0.430)。结论:卵巢透明细胞癌术前及化疗后血清CA125水平值较低,用CAP加丝裂霉素的规则化疗治疗透明细胞癌对Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患者有一定的治疗效果,对Ⅲ/Ⅳ期患者治疗效果不佳。卵巢透明细胞癌疾病的复发率及死亡率仍然较高。     

胰腺实性-假乳头状肿瘤研究进展

胰腺实性-假乳头状肿瘤(solidpseudopapillarytumor,SPT)是一种胰腺少见的肿瘤,主要发生在年轻女性,13~15岁的年龄段发病率最高,临床症状不明显,部分患者症状为腹痛、呕吐、腹胀和消化不良等,超声和CT上一般可见到有囊性和实性部分组成的异质性的包块,缺乏其他特征性的结构。大体为囊壁厚薄不一内含血性液体的囊肿,其中可有破棉絮状的坏死组织,组织学特点是细胞形态单一,有纤细的假乳头结构,实性区域有蜕变坏死。SPT的超微结构研究显示,细胞内有直径50~2640nm的膜包围的颗粒;免疫组化Vimentin、α1-AT、α1-ACT阳性而腺癌的标记为阴性;DNA分析发现有染色体丢失和移位。较成熟的诊断方式是影像学和病理学,实验室检查对诊断帮助不大。最佳治疗措施是手术切除,但应注意随访,因为该肿瘤有恶性潜能和复发倾向。     

Possibility of predicting the results of the surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic portion of the esophagus

Within a 18-year period in the clinic 273 patients were subjected to radical surgery for cancer of the thoracic esophagus. 206 patients were discharged from the clinic. The survival rate for 5 years and longer was noted in 58 patients. The data and results of the treatment depending on a sum of clinical signs were treated mathematically. It is noted that the patients' survival is influenced by such factors as sex, the stage of the disease, the morphological structure of tumor, the character of course, tumor size and spread, the type of surgical intervention. An advanced course, changes in blood presence of metastases do not seem to be the reason for cancellation of the operation.     

Angiosarcoma of the breast: the experience of the European Institute of Oncology and a review of the literature

Angiosarcoma of the breast (AB) is a rare entity: its overall incidence is estimated at between 0.002% and 0.005% per year. Some potential risk factors have been described, mainly previous irradiation of the breast. We report the experience of the European Institute of Oncology with this unusual disease from January 1996 to January 2006: sixteen patients with angiosarcoma, 9 (56%) of whom had primary AB and 7 (44%), secondary AB, are discussed.     

Cardiac tolerance of the combination paclitaxel-anthracyclines in the context of the management of cancer of the breast

Within the past decades there has been major interest in associating the paclitaxel into the management of breast cancer patients with a strong improvement of clinical results. Moreover, doxorubicin is historically one of the major chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer treatment. So, investigations of the combination of the paclitaxel with doxorubicin have logically taken place in the strategy of breast cancer management. Also, this association became a standard of care neoadjuvantly in locally advanced breast cancer. The aim of this review of literature consists to make a special focus on cardiac toxicity occurring after doxorubicin and paclitaxel association and to give adequate directions for the next future in this promising combination.     

Improvement of the efficiency of the treatment of gastric cancer by the standardization of the treatment plan

Standardized treatment plan for gastric cancer was established in our department by which surgeons and nurses understood the treatment schedules of each gastric cancer patient as the common knowledge, and the cooperation of surgeons and nurses could be improved. Furthermore, the modality decreased the length of hospital stay from 35 +/- 15 days to 24 +/- 8 days, which indicated that the number of patients per one bed for one year increased from 10 to 15, and the efficiency of the treatment of gastric cancer patients 50% by our system.     

Mandible preservation in the treatment of cancer of the floor of the mouth

A segmental anterior mandibulectomy causes severe functional disability and cosmetic problems. Many methods of reconstruction have been used but none of these procedures provides the ideal solution. There has been increasing interest in the possibility of preserving a portion of the anterior mandibular arch and still carrying out an adequate surgical excision to control the primary tumor. Over a 15-year period, 251 patients with cancer of the floor of mouth were seen and treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Of this group, 34 patients underwent a marginal mandibular resection as part of their curative surgical treatment. The complication rate was acceptable and the 5-year determinate survival rate was 84%. The local control rate was excellent with only one patient developing an intraoral recurrence which was successfully treated with radiation. It is felt that these data support the theory that conservative mandibular surgery can be carried out in selected cases without jeopardizing the concept of a good cancer operation.     

Obstruction of the Third Portion of the Duodenum

Obstruction of the horizontal limb of the duodenum is relatively uncommon. Most of the reported cases have revolved around the controversial entity of the “superior mesenteric artery syndrome”. We describe four patients with obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum due to widely differing disease processes which, however, share some common radiographic findings.