重症心脏瓣膜病外科的营养支持

目的:探讨营养支持在重症心脏瓣膜病外科治疗中的作用。方法:对2000年5月～2005年5月182例重症心脏瓣膜病行瓣膜置换术,135例行三尖瓣成形术,37例进行左房折叠术,围术期采用营养支持疗法。结果:182例患者中在院死亡5例,死亡率2.7%。术后并发低心排血量综合征15例,随访151例,死亡1例。结论:科学的应用营养支持方案,可以明显地提高重症心脏瓣膜病外科手术成功率。     

浅低温心脏跳动中行重症心脏瓣膜病瓣膜置换术分析

目的：总结浅低温心脏跳动中重症心脏瓣膜病瓣膜置换术的治疗体会。方法：回顾分析27例重症心脏瓣膜病病人在浅低温心脏跳动中行瓣膜置换术．其中二尖瓣置换23例，二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换4例，换瓣时采用连续缝合；12例保留二尖瓣装置，25例同时行三尖瓣成形。结果：全组无手术死亡．无严重低心排及心律失常；术后6个月复查心功能明显改善。结论：浅低温心脏跳动中行瓣膜置换术，有利于心肌保护，对重症心脏瓣膜病瓣膜置换效果显。     

重症心脏瓣膜置换术49例围麻醉期处理

对４９例重症心脏瓣膜病病人行换瓣手术。结果发现：术后发生低钾血症３１例，频发室早１４例，室颤７例，因低心排综合征、严重心律失常等原因死亡１１例。讨论了重症心脏瓣膜病的诊断标准，并对围麻醉期的处理进行临床分析。     

重症心及地瓣膜置换术49例围麻醉期处理

对４９例重症心脏瓣膜病产现人行换瓣手术。结果发现：术后发生低钾血症３１例，频发室早１４例，室颤７例，因低心排综合征、严重心律失常等原因死亡１１例。讨论了重症心脏瓣膜病的诊断标准，并对围麻醉期的处理进行临床分析。     

重症心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗

目的：总结重症心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗结果,探讨提高早期生存率的措施。方法：2005年1月至2009年12月我院共对41例重症心脏瓣膜病患者进行了换瓣手术。结果：术后早期死亡3例,1例死于低心排。1例于术后第9天突发室颤,抢救无效死亡。1例死于肾功能衰竭,余病例全部治愈出院。死亡率7.32%。随访35例,心功能Ⅰ级10例,Ⅱ级28例,Ⅲ级3例。结论：对重症心脏瓣膜病患者,充分的术前心功能调整,恰当选择手术时机,术中良好的心肌保护,尽量保留二尖瓣部分装置,术后严密的监护,加强术后并发症的防治,是提高手术成功率的关键。     

浅低温心脏不停跳重症瓣膜病换瓣21例分析

目的：分析浅低温心脏不停跳重症瓣膜病换瓣的临床效果。方法：为21例重症瓣膜病患者在浅低温心脏不停跳下施行换瓣术,其中二尖瓣置换20例,三尖瓣置换1例,9例为重危患者,12例保留二尖瓣装置,18例同时行三尖瓣成形,结果：全组患者无手术死亡,无严重低心排及心律失常。结论：浅低温心脏不停跳下施行换瓣术,有利于心肌保护,结合围术期的心功能维护,术中正确处理瓣膜病变,重症瓣膜病换瓣的效果令人满意。     

重症心脏瓣膜病192例的外科治疗体会

目的探讨重症心脏瓣膜病手术治疗和围手术期处理的经验,提高手术成功率。方法对2007年1月至2009年12月192例接受外科手术治疗的重症心脏瓣膜病患者的围术期处理、术中心肌保护及术中手术方法进行回顾性分析。结果发生并发症38例,发生率为19.8%;术后早期死亡8例,死亡率4.2%。结论重症心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗应注重围手术期处理,适当选择手术时机,合理纠正病变,加强术后并发症的防治。     

重症心脏瓣膜病28例围手术期治疗体会

目的:回顾性总结重症心脏瓣膜病瓣膜置换术围手术期处理的经验。方法:对2006年2月-2011年3月共28例重症心脏瓣膜病行瓣膜置换术患者的临床资料进行回顾性的总结分析。结果:围术期死亡3例,死亡率10.7%;并发症:早期出现低心排综合8例,其中1例并发多器官功能衰竭死亡。出现室性心律失常6例,其中1例因顽固室性心律失常死亡。心包、纵隔引流多二次开胸止血或(和)延迟关胸3例。术后感染性心内膜炎伴肾功能衰竭1例。术后脑梗死1例死亡。结论:注意重症心脏瓣膜病外科治疗的围手术期处理和手术时机选择对减少术后并发症和提高手术成功率有重要意义。     

83例重症心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗体会

目的 总结重症心脏瓣膜病的手术治疗经验.方法 2004年6月至2011年6月我院共对82例重症心脏瓣膜病患者实行了心脏瓣膜置换术.结果 术后早期死亡4例,3例死于术后低心输出量综合征,1例于术后一周出现心包填塞,呼吸、循环功能衰竭,抢救无效死亡,余病例全部康复出院.死亡率4.82%.术后随访,复查心脏彩超示心脏均有不同程度缩小,心功能均有改善,其中心功能Ⅰ级20例,Ⅱ级56例,Ⅲ级4例.结论 只要严格掌握手术适应证,积极有效的术前准备,加强心肌保护和提高手术技巧,严密的术后监护,就可以提高重症心脏瓣膜病手术的成功率.     

重症心脏瓣膜疾病患者围术期的护理

目的:探讨重症心脏瓣膜疾病患者围术期的护理效果.方法:回顾性分析90例重症心脏瓣膜病临床资料及围手术期的护理,总结重症瓣膜病围手术期的护理经验,包括呼吸、循环系统护理,泌尿系统、电解质的监测,抗凝治疗的护理、管道护理以及营养支持.结果与结论:重症心脏瓣膜疾病围术期的有效护理可促进患者的顺利恢复.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.