The effects of a threatening life event on behavior sequences and intrusive thought: A self-disruption explanation

A model is presented to explain the occurrence of intrusive thought subsequent to threatening life experiences. The self hypothesized to be partly composed of a number of behavior sequences representing important aspects of the self. Threatening life events disrupt the self by interrupting one or more of these sequences. This interruption is threatening to the self because it creates an incompleteness. To the extent that no instrumental means is available to complete the self, an attempt is made to symbolically complete the self through rumination. Severty-six female freshmen, in their first few weeks of college, provided information about activities performed with a close person and a nonclose person at home, as well as the extent to which these activities were continued at school. Using a modified version of Horowitz's (1976) Impact of Event Scale, a number of hypotheses were tested regarding the occurrence of intrusive thought and emotion. The more activities performed with a close person at home, the more intrusive thought subsequent to behavioral sequence interruption. However, if behavior sequences were continued by instrumental means, less intrusive thought occurred about the close person. Results have implications for lessening the impact of a threatening life experience.     

Life events; their role in onset and relapse in psychosis, research utilizing semi-structured interview methods: a literature review

This literature review explores the findings of studies that adopted semi-structured interviewing methods to assess the impact of life events on the course of psychotic illness. It begins by discussing the historical context and theoretical underpinnings of the use of semi-structured approaches to measure the role and impact of life events in the onset and course of psychotic illness. The review then focuses on the main findings of the studies commencing by focusing on causality by specifically discussing the time frame from life event to relapse and whether life events have a triggering role or cumulative effect in onset. The review examines the sample populations studied and asks whether they are homogenous and comparable or heterogeneous, therefore making comparisons between studies less valid. Issues concerning the number of episodes of illness and sensitivity to relapse are explored. The review concludes that despite a general acceptance in the literature that life events have an impact on psychotic illness the findings of life events studies provide contradictory and inconclusive results and that this is at least partly attributable to the differing methodologies utilized. Continued methodological refinements may generate a 'gold standard' methodology that with repeated use will provide consistency in findings.     

1000名青少年学生生活满意度和生活事件的关联分析

目的研究青少年在校学生生活满意度和生活事件之间的关联,为青少年在校学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法运用青少年学生生活满意度和生活事件量表对1000名学生进行测查。结果青少年学生生活满意度呈较高水平（5．478±0．999）,家庭满意度得分最高;生活事件中学习压力对青少年的影响最大（2．101±0．702）。生活满意度和生活事件各因子间比较虽有差异,但无统计学意义。Pearson相关系数显示两种量表各因子之间有关联;多元逐步回归显示其他生活事件对青少年学生评价其生活满意度的预测力为12．2％。结论青少年生活事件的各方面对其生活满意度有影响。     

护生生活事件、认知情绪调节与心理韧性关系的研究

[目的]探讨护生生活事件、认知情绪调节与心理韧性的关系。[方法]采用青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、认知情绪调节问卷中文版(CERQ-C)和成人心理韧性量表(RAS)对吉林省两所高校的602名护生进行调查。[结果]学习压力、人际关系、健康与适应对护生影响较大;护生较多采用的认知情绪调节方式有接受、积极设想、积极调整;护生心理韧性各维度得分均高于中等水平;相关及回归分析显示,影响护生心理韧性的因素有生活事件、积极与消极认知情绪调节方式;生活事件既可直接影响心理韧性,又能通过消极认知情绪调节方式产生影响。[结论]生活事件、认知情绪调节和心理韧性之间有着密切的联系,消极认知情绪调节方式在护生生活事件与心理韧性之间起中介作用。     

Effects of coping styles and stressful life events on depression and anxiety in Japanese nursing students: A longitudinal study

Nursing students face stressful situations during a clinical training. This two-wave (between June and December 2004) study explored the relationship between the coping styles and stressful life events in terms of the occurrence of depression and anxiety among 97 Japanese female nursing students before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) a clinical training. In a structural equation modelling, Time 2 depression was significantly predicted by Time 1 depression and stressful life events whereas Time 2 anxiety was predicted by Time 1 anxiety, stressful life events and emotion-oriented coping. Moreover, Time 1 depression predicted the impact of stressful life events and Time 1 anxiety predicted emotion-oriented coping.     

Migraine with aura and reproductive life events: a case control study

The course of migraine without aura (MO) is greatly influenced by the events of female reproductive life. Much less is known about migraine with aura (MA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between MA and the milestones of reproductive life. A retrospective case control study was carried out on 100 women affected by migraine with typical aura (cases) and 200 age-matched women with MO (controls). Premenstrual syndrome was found to be much more common among the patients with MA (odds ratio (OR) 6.0; confidence interval (CI) 3.1-11.6). Menstrually triggered migraine was more frequently encountered among MO than among MA patients (MA 15.0%; MO 53.5%; OR 0.1; CI 0.1-0.3). In both forms of migraine, pregnancy had a favourable effect; however, a lower percentage of MA (43.6%) than MO patients (76.8%; OR 0.2; CI 0.1-0.5) showed improvement or remission. The use of oral contraceptives worsened migraine in MA more frequently than in MO patients (MA 56.4%; MO 25.3%; OR 3.8; CI 1.6-9.3). The course of MA seems to be influenced by female reproductive life events, but in a different way with respect to MO.     

母孕期生活事件与婴幼儿癫痫的关系

目的探讨母孕期生活事件与癫痫患儿患病之间的关系。方法调查本院52例0~3岁癫痫患儿母孕期生活事件情况,对照生活事件量表进行评分,并与对照组25例进行比较。结果癫痫患儿母孕期生活事件评分与对照组比较,癫痫患儿母孕期生活事件频度和分值明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。在病例组中,多胎妊娠和>30岁妊娠的妇女孕期的生活事件分值更高。结论母孕期生活事件较多者,可增加出生儿童癫痫的发病率。     

The stability of the revised Beck Depression Inventory in college students: Relationship with life events

The 1-week stability of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in a college population was examined. The most recent version of the BDI, in which respondents are instructed to rate the items with respect to the past week, was employed. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.64. Scores on the initial administration were significantly higher than retest scores (8.52 vs. 7.05). More than half of the individuals scoring in the depressed range (BDI > 10) on the first test fell into the nondepressed range (BDI < 10) 1 week later. Of the students who scored above 10 on the first BDI, those with high rather than low life event scores were significantly more likely to have their BDI score fall below 10 at the second testing session.     

个性、生活事件、应付方式对大学生抑郁情绪的影响

INTRODUCTIONUndergraduatesareintheperiodofrapidgrowthinphysiologyandpsychology.Theyarefacingstressofstudy,job,love,family,socialeconomicaldevelopmentandcompetition.Inthisperiod,peoplehaveahighincidentrateofmentaldisorders犤1犦.Presentstudiesshowthatthemainfactorsaffectingthestudyofundergraduatesarementaldisorders,suchasdepressionandschizophrenia,differentfromtheformer犤2,3犦.Thedepressionmayhavetherelationshipwithlifeevents,personalityandcopingstrategies犤4,5犦.Partoftheundergrad-uatesha…     

SARS恢复期医护人员的认知记忆测评及护理启示

SARS也称为严重急性呼吸综合征。对SARS恢复期医护人员进行认知记忆功能方面的研究，及早发现轻度认知障碍（MCI），对早期进行护理干预有着重要的意义。记忆学习是大脑的高级功能活动，是认知功能重要组成部分。研究发现，年龄匹配、具有相同文化背景的SARS患者的形象再认记忆和理解记忆能力均有所下降。了解SARS恢复期患者的记忆功能，可为及早进行护理干预提供依据。本研究对北京3家医院32例SARS患者和35例对照，自2003年8月-2004年8月进行随访，通过护理，提高医护人员的认知水平，现报道如下。     

Health‐related quality of life and aerobic fitness in people with schizophrenia

The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate whether aerobic fitness contributes to the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with schizophrenia, while adjusting for other previously‐established contributory factors. Thirty‐four male (34.1 ± 12.0 years) and 13 female (34.3 ± 9.2 years) participants performed a submaximal Astrand–Rhyming cycle ergometer test and completed the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Psychosis Evaluation tool for Common Use by Caregivers. After controlling for age and sex, illness duration (12.4 ± 11.2 years, r² = 0.38, P < 0.001), fewer positive (9.3 ± 4.3, r² = 0.30, P = 0.006) and cognitive (8.4 ± 3.8, r² = 0.28, P = 0.011) symptoms, and higher aerobic fitness (34.5 ± 8.7 ml O₂ min^?1 kg^?1, r² = 0.36, P = 0.001) were found to be independent significant predictors of physical HRQoL (mean score 66.6 ± 18.5). However, when all variables were included in the same regression model, only illness duration (P = 0.004) and positive symptoms (P = 0.045) remained significant predictors, while there was a trend (P < 0.10) for age and aerobic fitness. The final model explained 54% of the variability in physical HRQoL. No significant correlates for mental HRQoL (54.9 ± 18.5) were found. People with schizophrenia might improve their physical HRQoL by improving their aerobic fitness. Mental health nurses should assist in facilitating improvements in aerobic fitness through facilitating physical activity participation in patients with schizophrenia.     

护理干预对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

护理轮班工作由于不断改变工作时间，破坏生物规律，使护理人员昼夜节律紊乱。因此，轮班工作成为主要的职业压力来源，产生多种社会、心理和生理问题，现将轮班制对护理人员的影响以及应对措施综述如下。     

护理干预对首发精神分裂症病人生活质量的影响

目的　探讨护理干预对首发精神分裂症病人生活质量的影响。方法　将 118例首发精神分裂症病人随机分为观察组和对照组各 5 9例 ,两组均予以利培酮系统治疗 ,观察组在此基础上 ,予以综合性护理干预措施 ,时间为 8周 ,随后进行为期 1年的随访。采用阴性与阳性症状量表 (PANSS)及生活质量量表 (WHO ,QOL - 10 0 )分别于治疗前及随访结束时进行评估。结果　随访结束时 ,两组病人的PANSS总分及阴、阳性症状评分均较治疗前明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,但观察组明显优于对照组(P <0 .0 1) ;观察组病人在生活质量总评、心理领域、独立性领域及社会关系领域评分亦均明显优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结论　护理干预有助于改善首发精神分裂症病人的精神症状 ,提高其生活质量。     

老年脑卒中病人发病前生活事件相关性调查及健康教育

[目的]了解老年脑卒中病人发病前1年所遭遇的生活事件,明确健康宣教导向。[方法]用杨德森编制的生活事件量表测量研究组(脑卒中病人)发病前1年与对照组(非脑卒中)病人所遭遇的生活事件。[结果]研究组病人发病前1年遭遇生活事件频度及紧张值明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。老年脑卒中病人发病前遭遇的负性生活事件所占比例较高。[结论]脑卒中病人发病前遭遇的生活事件高于非脑卒中病人,且以负性事件为主。     

临床护士对基础生活护理认知情况的调查

目的：了解护士对基础生活护理认识的现状，分析护士在认识上存在的问题，以便采取有效的对策，进一步推动生活护理的落实，以提高护理综合质量。方法：自行设计问卷，于2006年1～4月抽取北京、温州、锦州市的三家三级甲等医院的外科及骨科的218名护士发放问卷，进行统计学分析。结果：①护士对基础生活护理缺乏全面正确的认识；②护理人员配备不合理、社会因素的影响以及大量护工的使用严重影响了基础生活护理的质量；③护士认为只有合理地利用人才，加强管理，才能从根本上提高基础生活护理的质量。结论：加强教育，转变护士的观念和态度，合理利用人才，有效改善基础生活护理现状，以助于护理综合质量的提高。     

Cognition and life events in major depression: A test of the mediation and interaction hypotheses

This study tested two hypotheses derived from Beck's cognitive model of depression. The mediation hypothesis states that the relations of depression to dysfunctional attitudes and negative life events are mediated by the individual's perceptions of those events. The interaction hypothesis states that the relation of depression to negative events is greater in the context of disfunctional attitudes and/or event perceptions, and, analogously, the relations of depression to dysfunctional attitudes and event perceptions are greater in the context of negative events. We compared 65 unipolar major depression patients with 28 nondepressed schizophrenic patients on measures of dysfunctional attitudes, negative event frequency, and event perceptions. We found that (1) depressed patients reported more dysfunctional attitudes and a greater number of recent negative events, and differed from nondepressed schizophrenic patients on a number of event perceptions; (2) the data supported the mediation hypothesis but not the interaction hypothesis.We would like to thank the staff and patients at the Manhattan Veterans Administration Hospital, Beth Israel Medical Center, and the Foundation for Depression and Manic Depression for their cooperation in facilitating the study, and Deborah Long for secretarial assistance. The first author gratefully acknowledges support from National Institute of Mental Health Research Grant MH-40917 during the period in which this paper was written. The data were collected while the first two authors were at New York University.     

危机指向性家庭干预对社区精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：探讨危机指向性家庭干预对社区精神分裂症患者疗效及生活质量的影响。方法将106例社区精神分裂症患者随机分为两组。两组均维持原抗精神病药物治疗,研究组在此基础上联合危机指向性家庭干预,观察12个月。于干预前后采用简明精神病量表、生活质量综合评定问卷评定临床疗效及生活质量。结果危机指向性家庭干预后两组简明精神病量表评分均较干预前显著降低（P＜0．01）,同期两组间比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）;两组生活质量综合评定问卷总分及4个维度分均较干预前显著升高（P＜0．01）,研究组总分及躯体健康、心理健康﹑社会功能维度分显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论危机指向性家庭干预能显著改善社区精神分裂症患者的生活质量。     

手术室女护士职业相关生活事件与工作倦怠关系的研究

[目的]了解手术室女护士职业相关生活事件与工作倦怠关系。[方法]采用一般情况调查表、马氏倦怠问卷和杨德森等编制的生活事件量表对中南大学3所附属医院在职手术室163名女护士进行调查。[结果]手术室女护士的工作倦怠主要表现在个人成就感丧失,而情感枯竭和去人格化维度倦怠程度较轻;手术室女护士前10位生活事件均为职业相关事件。[结论]手术室女护士存在一定的工作倦怠,特别是个人成就感丧失比较明显。职业相关生活事件对工作倦怠有明显影响。     

Academic stress,COVID-19 anxiety,and quality of life among nursing students: The mediating role of resilience

Aim

This study investigated the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between academic stress, COVID-19 anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) among Filipino nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the QoL of nursing students who are experiencing mental health issues. The mediating role of resilience in mitigating the effects of academic stress and COVID-19 anxiety on nursing students’ QoL remains understudied.

Methods

This study employed a correlational cross-sectional design, with a convenience sample of 611 Filipino nursing students. Data were collected using the scales Connor and Davidson Resilience, Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life, COVID-19 Anxiety, and Perception of Academic Stress and analyzed using Pearson's r, bivariate analysis, and multistage regression analyses.

Results

Academic stress and COVID-19 anxiety negatively correlated with QoL and resilience. Resilience was positively associated with QoL and reduced the effect of academic stress on QoL, indicating that resilience is a crucial mediating variable between academic stress and QoL. Finally, resilience had a significant mediating influence on QoL, as evidenced by a reduction in the effect of COVID-19 anxiety on QoL among nursing students.

Conclusions

Filipino nursing students' QoL was affected by academic stress and COVID-19–related anxiety. However, resilience mediated this impact, preserving QoL.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Nursing colleges and affiliated hospitals must collaborate to monitor academic stress and pandemic-related anxiety. Nursing students should be provided with programs such as seminars and team-building activities to enhance their resilience.     

院外延续护理对精神分裂症患者康复和生活质量的影响

目的探讨院外延续护理对精神分裂症患者康复和生活质量的影响。方法对照组（n：58）患者给予常规出院指导,干预组（n：60）患者在此基础上实施院外延续护理,即成立院外延续护理小组,建立出院患者档案,采用电话随访、邮递信函、上门随访及开展主题活动等形式进行院外延续护理。两组患者采用简明精冲病量表、康复状态餐表、生活质量综合评定量表和服药依从性量表进行比较。结果出院12个月后干预组简明精神病量表评分、康复状态量表评分均低于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;生活质量评分及服药依从性高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论院外延续护理呵以提高精神分裂症患者的服药依从性,有助于进一步改善患者的精神症状,提高其生活质量。