MRS与DWI对前列腺中央腺体癌的诊断价值

目的探讨3D1 H MR波谱(MRS)分析和扩散加权成像(DWI)对前列腺中央腺体癌的检出价值。方法对55例前列腺中央腺体疾病的患者行MRS和扩散加权成像(DWI)扫描,经穿刺活检证实,15例为前列腺癌(PCa),40例为前列腺增生(BPH),比较两组间的(胆碱+肌酸)/枸橼酸盐(CC/C)值和表观扩散系数(ADC)值。结果 PCa组和BPH组的CC/C值分别为2.93±1.77和0.67±0.39,PCa组和BPH组的ADC值分别为(0.71±0.32)×10-3 mm2·s-1和(1.21±0.26)×10-3 mm2·s-1,PCa组和BPH组之间的CC/C值和ADC值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 MRS和DWI对前列腺中央腺体癌的诊断具有一定价值。     

DCE-MRI和DWI对乳腺腺病和乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)和扩散加权成像(DWI)对乳腺腺病和乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析手术后病理证实的30例乳腺腺病和45例乳腺癌的MRI影像资料,包括病灶的形状、边缘、强化方式、T2WI信号特点、时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)类型、早期强化率(EER)、达峰时间、背景强化程度及病灶的表观扩散系数(ADC)值.结果 在形态学特征中,乳腺癌多表现为边缘不规则,伴或不伴有毛刺,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);同时多表现为不均匀强化,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009).在动态强化特征上,乳腺癌多表现为TIC流出型,EER多表现为快速流入,达峰时间多在2 min以内,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001).在ADC值上,乳腺癌为(1.03±0.24)×10-3mm2/s,低于乳腺腺病的(1.34±0.30)×10-3mm2/s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).乳腺腺病和乳腺癌的形状特点、T2WI信号特点、背景强化程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 DCE-MRI和DWI联合应用对于鉴别诊断乳腺腺病和乳腺癌具有重要的价值.     

DWI对胰腺癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）及表观扩散系数（ADC）对胰腺癌诊断价值。方法：搜集胰腺癌患者35例,正常对照组共32例。DWI选用b值分别为50、400、700s／mm^2,分别测量胰腺癌组织、癌周胰腺组织及正常对照组的ADC值,并进行对比分析;分别测量胰腺癌组织在T2WI,DWI（b=400s／mm^2）及磁共振增强扫描图像中病灶最大直径,并进行分析。结果：3组b值所测得ADC值统计结果示胰腺癌组织与正常对照组、癌周胰腺组织之间均有统计学意义;正常对照组与癌周胰腺组织之间均无统计学意义。胰腺癌组织在T2WI,DWI（b=400s／mm^2）及动态增强图像中最大直径测量无统计学差异。结论：DWI可以较清楚地显示胰腺癌病灶,b值为400s／mm^2时图像效果最佳,与ADC值测定共同分析对胰腺癌病灶的检出有价值。     

MRS与DWI联合成像在颈髓损伤诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨 MRS 与 DWI 序列在颈髓损伤诊断中的价值。方法对95例颈髓损伤患者的 MRI 平扫图像进行分析,根据 T2 WI 上脊髓信号有无改变,分为 A 组———不完全损伤组(T2 WI 信号无异常)63例和 B 组———完全损伤组(T2 WI 高信号)32例,C 组———对照组50例,进行 MRS 及 DWI 检查,分别测量氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、乳酸(Lac)波峰面积及表观扩散系数(ADC)值,并分析 NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Lac/Cho 值及 ADC 值。结果在 MRS 序列上,B 组较A 组中 NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr 显著减低(P <0.05);B 组与 C 组比 NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr 值降低,Lac/Cho 值升高(P <0.05);A 组与 C组比仅 Lac/Cho 值升高(P <0.05)。在 DWI 上,A 组 ADC 值为(0.79±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s,低于 C 组(0.93±0.15)×10-3 mm2/s (P =0.026);B 组 ADC 值为(1.21±0.20)×10-3 mm2/s,明显高于 C 组(P =0.017);A 组与 B 组比较,前者 ADC 值低于后者,但差异无统计学意义(P =0.143)。结论MRS 可以无创定量测定创区颈髓相关代谢介质的变化,从代谢及分子水平反映颈髓损伤的不同程度;DWI 对颈髓损伤的早期诊断具有较高的敏感性;DWI 及 MRS 联合成像对临床制订合理的治疗方案及预后评估有重要的意义。     

MR DWI与常规MRI对Creutzfeldt-Jakob病的诊断价值比较

目的比较MR扩散加权像(DWI)与常规MRI对Creutzfeldt-Jakob病(CJD)的诊断价值。方法总结我院10例散发性CJD患者的临床资料及MRI资料,比较DWI与常规MRI结果。结果 T1WI上仅1例显示两侧额叶大脑皮层带状稍低信号;T2WI上2例显示双侧大脑皮层带状高信号,伴或不伴基底节稍高信号,1例显示脑干、小脑、两侧基底节、两侧丘脑高信号,1例仅双侧基底节高信号;液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列4例显示双侧大脑皮层带状高信号,其中3例伴基底节高信号;1例显示脑干、小脑、两侧基底节、两侧丘脑高信号;1例仅显示两侧基底节高信号。5例6次增强扫描均未见明显异常强化。5例行DWI,其中4例示双侧大脑皮层带状高信号,伴或不伴基底节高信号;1例仅表现为两侧基底节高信号。病灶部位平均表观扩散系数(ADC)值为0.687×10-3mm2/s,较正常脑实质明显减低。结论 DWI显示CJD病变优于常规MRI,可为CJD的早期发现、早期诊断提供有价值的信息。     

脑出血DWI的诊断价值

目的探讨脑出血过程中扩散加权成像(DWI)信号演变规律及其诊断价值。方法32例自发性脑出血患者在1.5T磁共振仪行常规MRI和DWI检查。结果DWI在脑出血急性期(<24h)主要表现为高低混杂信号;亚急性早期(2～7d)主要表现为中央低边缘高信号的“晕征”;亚急性晚期(2～3周)表现多样;慢性期(>3周)表现为含铁血黄素低信号环或低信号。结论DWI在脑出血的不同时期、不同成分的信号表现不同,有助于出血的早期诊断和与脑梗塞的鉴别诊断。     

MR DWI对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)对急性胰腺炎(AP)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析50例AP及75例正常胰腺的MR资料,计算DWI序列b=800 s/mm2图像上胰腺与肝脏的信号强度比(SIR),测量胰腺的表观扩散系数(ADC),分别比较2组的SIR及ADC,并根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定最佳诊断阈值,评价SIR、ADC与MRI常规序列的诊断效能.结果 与正常胰腺相比,AP组SIR显著升高(2.06±0.48 vs 1.24±0.27,t=12.2,P<0.0001),ADC显著降低[(991±133)μm2/s vs(1153±149)μm2/s,t=-6.2,P<0.0001].最佳诊断阈值分别为SIR>1.51、ADC≤1039μm2/s.SIR的敏感度(92.0%)高于ADC(72.0%)及MRI常规序列(74.0%),SIR(88.0%)及MRI常规序列(93.3%)的特异度高于ADC(77.3%).结论 AP时水分子扩散受限,SIR诊断效能优于ADC及MRI常规序列,有利于AP的检出.     

磁共振常规成像及DWI对脑膜瘤的诊断价值

目的:比较磁共振常规成像序列(T1WI、T2WI及FLAIR)与DWI对脑膜瘤的检出率,探讨其鉴别病理亚型及良恶性的价值。方法:回顾性分析70例经手术病理证实的脑膜瘤患者的MRI图像,计算不同序列对脑膜瘤的检出率;测量并比较不同病理亚型、不同病理分级的肿瘤实质的平均ADC值和相对ADC值(rADC值)。结果:在T2WI上出现低信号的多是纤维型、过渡型和砂粒体型,出现高信号的多是脑膜上皮型和血管瘤型。在各个序列中,以DWI对脑膜瘤病变的检出率最高(87.1%),T2WI次之(74.3%),T1WI最低(38.6%)。恶性脑膜瘤的囊变发生率(67%)明显高于良性脑膜瘤(22%)。良性组各亚型间、良恶性两组间平均ADC值及rADC值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:DWI可提高对脑膜瘤的检出率,但单独根据ADC值并不能鉴别脑膜瘤的亚型及良恶性。DWI结合常规MRI表现对脑膜瘤亚型及良恶性的鉴别有一定意义。     

探讨联合应用MRS和DWI在脑胶质瘤分级中的诊断价值

目的 探讨联合应用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)相关代谢物和磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)的表观扩散系数(ADC)值在脑胶质瘤分级诊断中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的59例脑胶质瘤的MRS和DWI图像.按照WH0 2007标准,将病例分为两组:低级别胶质瘤组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,24例)和高级别胶质瘤组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,35例),测量并计算肿瘤实质区、健侧脑组织区代谢物及ADC值的相对值和比值,作统计学分析.结果 在59例脑胶质瘤中,rNAA、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho及rADC在低、高级别组胶质瘤比较中差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而rCho和rCr在两组胶质瘤比较中差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);经受试者工作特征曲线分析发现rNAA、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、rADC鉴别胶质瘤分级的曲线下面积＞0.5,MRS+ rADC鉴别胶质瘤分级的曲线下面积(0.956)＞单独运用MRS(0.893)或rADC的曲线下面积(0.805),MRS+ rADC诊断低、高级别胶质瘤的敏感性和特异性分别达88.6％、95.8％.结论 联合分析MRS参数(rNAA、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho)和DWI参数(rADC)对诊断胶质瘤分级具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可为临床治疗方案的制定及判断预后提供帮助.     

Comparison of MRS and DWI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer based on sextant analysis

Purpose:

To evaluate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, metabolic ratio ((Cho + Cr)/Cit) and the combination of the two in identifying prostate malignant regions.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty‐six consecutive patients with prostate biopsy results were retrospectively recruited in this study. Transrectal ultrasound‐guided (TRUS) systemic prostate biopsies were used as a standard of reference. Mean ADC value and mean metabolic ratio (MMR) were calculated within each benign sextant region or malignant region. The efficiency of these two indices in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is estimated in Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the distinguishing capacity of mean ADC, MMR, and the combination of the two in differentiating between noncancerous and cancerous cases.

Results:

There were significant differences for mean ADC value and MMR between malignant and benign regions. Weights of mean ADC value obtained by FLDA were much higher than those of MMR. In differentiating malignant regions, both ADC alone and combined ADC and metabolic ratio performed significantly better than MMR alone. However, accuracy improvements were not significant by using combined ADC and MMR than ADC alone.

Conclusion:

DWI is more efficient than MR spectroscopic (MRS) in the detection of PCa in this study. Combined ADC and MMR performed significantly better than MMR alone in distinguishing malignant from benign region in prostate peripheral zone. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:194–200. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Prognostic value of FDG-PET and DWI in breast cancer

Objective

To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative FDG-PET/CT and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A total of 73 patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer who had undergone preoperative whole-body FDG-PET/CT and 3-Tesla breast MRI including DWI followed by surgery were identified. Effects of primary tumor PET parameters [maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max), mean SUV (SUV_mean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)] and DWI parameters [mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC_mean) and minimum ADC (ADC_min)] including clinicopathologic factors on disease-free survival (DFS) were retrospectively evaluated using the log-rank and Cox methods.

Results

After a median overall follow-up of 32.3 months in all patients, 6 (8.2%) of the 73 patients had recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and log-rank tests showed that patients with a high primary tumor SUV_max (≥?3.60), MTV (≥?3.15), and TLG (≥?16.0) had a significantly lower DFS rate than those with a low SUV_max (<?3.60), MTV (<?3.15), and TLG (<?16.0), respectively (p?=?0.0054, p?=?0.0054, and p?<?0.0001, respectively). SUV_mean, ADC_mean, and ADC_min were not significantly associated with recurrence. Univariate analysis showed that SUV_max (p?=?0.0054), MTV (p?=?0.0054), TLG (p?<?0.0001), tumor size (p?=?0.0083), estrogen receptor negativity (p?=?0.046), progesterone receptor negativity (p?=?0.0023), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity (p?=?0.043), and the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis (p?=?0.0037) were also significantly associated with recurrence. However, in multivariate analysis, none of them were an independent factor.

Conclusions

The preoperative SUV_max, MTV, and TLG of primary breast cancer are prognostic factors for recurrence, whereas ADC values are not.

     

IVIM成像与DWI在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的比较

目的 比较体素内不相干运动(IVIM)成像双指数模型、拉伸指数模型与扩散加权成像(DWI)单指数模型各参数在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析257例经病理证实的乳腺病变患者(共276个病灶,包括197个恶性病变,79个良性病变).所有患者均行MRI常规检查及多b值DWI检查,获得传统DWI及IVIM各参数.比较各参数在正常乳腺组织、乳腺良性病变及恶性病变中的统计学差异,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定各参数诊断乳腺恶性病变的阈值以及曲线下面积(AUC)、诊断敏感性和特异性.结果 正常乳腺组织、乳腺良性病变及恶性病变的表观扩散系数(ADC)、慢速表观扩散系数(slow ADC)、快速表观扩散系数(fast ADC)、灌注分数(f)、扩散分布指数(DDC)及扩散异质性指数(α)值均有统计学差异(P<0.001).ADC、slow ADC、f、DDC和α的AUC分别为0.865、0.861、0.742、0.85和0.735;ADC、slow ADC、DDC和α的最佳诊断阈值分别为1.105×10-3 mm2/s,0.883×10-3 mm2/s,1.025×10-3 mm2/s和0.842,slow ADC敏感性最高(90.3%),DDC特异性最高(79.5%).双指数模型中slow ADC与fast ADC联合诊断的AUC为0.882;拉伸指数模型DDC与α联合诊断的AUC为0.853.结论 3种模型对于乳腺病变良恶性的鉴别都具有较高的价值,传统ADC的诊断准确性较高,slow ADC敏感性较高,DDC特异性较高.双指数模型中slow ADC与fast ADC联合诊断具有较高的价值.     

DWI定量值对乳腺癌分子分型的鉴别诊断

目的：探讨DWI对Her-2阳性过表达型乳腺癌和Basal-Like基底样型乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法：收集经病理证实的74例乳腺癌,其中Her-2阳性过表达型43例,Basal-Like基底样31例,获取其DWI图像,后经GE AW 4.6工作站和Matlab软件分别获取病灶的ADC参数及直方图参数。采用Mann-Whitney检验及ROC曲线评判ADC参数和直方图参数对Her-2阳性过表达型乳腺癌和Basal-Like基底样型乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。此外,尝试基于DWI图像的直方图参数建立Logistic回归模型实现对两类乳腺癌的鉴别。结果：ADC值在2类乳腺癌中差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,但ROC曲线分析显示ADC值鉴别2类乳腺癌的敏感度和特异度较低;在所有的直方图参数中,DWI图像灰度值的最小值对2类乳腺癌的鉴别诊断能力最高（P<0.01,AUC=0.87）;Logistic回归模型对2类乳腺癌的鉴别准确率为83.78%,预测概率ROC曲线下面积为0.88。结论：ADC值可实现对Her-2阳性过表达型和Basal-Like基底样型乳腺癌的鉴别诊断。DWI图像结合Logistic回归分析对2类乳腺癌的鉴别具有较高的敏感度和特异度。     

DWI在宫颈癌诊断和放疗后疗效评价中的价值

目的：对宫颈癌组织、正常宫颈、放疗后宫颈癌组织的扩散加权成像（DWI）表现及表观扩散系数（ADC）值进行分析。探讨DWI在宫颈癌诊断以及放疗后疗效监测中的价值。方法：对177例宫颈癌患者、105例正常宫颈对照组和117例放疗后宫颈癌患者进行横断面／矢状面DWI扫描（b取0和500s／ram。）,观察正常宫颈、宫颈癌及放疗后宫颈癌的DwI表现,并测量相应的ADC值,比较正常宫颈腺体和纤维间质的ADC值,宫颈癌与正常宫颈的ADC值,宫颈癌放疗后恢复正常或炎症反应、放疗后肿瘤残存分别与初诊宫颈癌及正常宫颈的ADC值,放疗后肿瘤复发与初诊宫颈癌及放疗后恢复正常或炎症反应的ADC值差异。结果：105例正常宫颈于DWI上呈高-低-稍高信号,宫颈腺体和纤维间质的ADC值差异具有统计学意义（P=0．025）。177例宫颈癌于DWI上呈高信号,其ADc值（1．08±0．36）×10-3mm2／s）低于正常宫颈（P=0．001）。b=500s／mm2时,诊断宫颈癌和正常宫颈的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0．806,95％可信区间为0．626～0．985。117例放疗后宫颈癌中,54例宫颈恢复正常或呈炎性反应,其ADC值较初诊宫颈癌高（P=0．000）,与正常宫颈无明显统计学差异（P=0．056）;46例宫颈癌组织残存,其ADC值与初诊宫颈癌无明显统计学差异（P=0．190）,但低于正常宫颈（P=0．000）,17例放疗后宫颈癌复发,其ADC值与初诊宫颈癌无明显统计学差异（P=0．060）,但与放疗后恢复正常或呈炎性反应患者相比具有统计学差异（P=0．002）。结论：DWI能够区分宫颈癌组织和正常宫颈．可用于宫颈癌诊断及预后监测。     

Quantitative assessment of the time course of infarct signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging is important in evaluating acute stroke, and knowledge of the signal intensity changes associated with acute stroke is valuable. Our purpose was to model the time course of the signal intensity of infarcts and to characterize the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 effects on total signal intensity. METHODS: Ninety-two patients were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. Signal intensity in infarcts (4 hours to 417 days) and control regions were recorded on DW images (b = 0 and 1000 s/mm(2)), ADC maps, and ratio images (image with b = 1000 s/mm(2) divided by image with b = 0 s/mm(2)). Cubic spline functions were used for polynomial fitting. The time courses of log signal intensity with log time were modeled. The independent contributions of T2 and ADC to the total signal intensity were retrospectively compared at 0-63 hours, 3-10 days, 11-57 days, and 57 days onward. RESULTS: Mean signal intensity on DW images was maximal at 40 hours after infarction and normalized at 57 days. At 0-63 hours, the positive effect of ADC on signal intensity was greater than that of T2 (log value,13 +/- 0.04 vs 0.11 +/- 0.05; P =.04). At days 3-10, the positive T2 effect predominated (0.13 +/- 0.08 vs 0.08 +/- 0.04; P =.12). At 10-57 days, the positive T2 effect was greater than the negative ADC effect. After day 57, the negative ADC effect predominated. CONCLUSION: The signal intensity of infarcts on DW images normalizes at 57 days, which is substantially later than previously suggested. T2 (shine-through) effect contributes largely to the total infarct signal intensity.     

Comparisons of multi b-value DWI signal analysis with pathological specimen of breast cancer

Previous studies have reported that the signal attenuation of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for tumor tissues displays a non-monoexponential biexponential decay, and the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) can be divided into a fast and slow diffusion component by using a simple biexponential decay model. The purpose of this study is to examine the non-monoexponential character of the diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging signal attenuations of breast cancers, estimate the fast and slow diffusion components, and compare them with the extra- and intracellular component information obtained from the pathological specimens. Twenty-two subjects having breast cancers underwent diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging using six b-values up to 3500 s/mm(2) and the signal attenuations were analyzed using the biexponential function. The derived slow component fraction correlated with the cellular fraction and the ADCs converged to 0.2-0.3 × 10(-3) mm(2) /s for the higher cellular fractions. The ADCs of the fast component ranged from 1.3 to 3.9 × 10(-3) mm(2) /s and showed no correlation with the extracellular components. This result suggests that the main reason for the decreasing ADC of a breast tumor is the decreasing fraction of the fast component and the increasing fraction of the slow component having a low ADC rather than the decreasing ADC of the fast component by the restricted water diffusion in the reduced extracellular spaces.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signal intensity and distribution represent the amount of cancer cells and their distribution in primary lung cancer

The aim of this study was to interpret diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signals in lung cancers. They were converted into several three-dimensional DWI signals patterns, which represent the degree of DWI signal intensity by height and the degree of distribution by area: flat, low elevation, irregular elevation, single-peak elevation, multiple-peak elevation, and nodular elevation. There were 39 adenocarcinomas and 21 squamous cell carcinomas. Three-dimensional DWI signals decreased significantly in order of cell differentiation. Tumor cellular densities were increased according to the increase in three-dimensional DWI signals. DWI signal intensity and distribution can represent the amount of cancer cells and their distribution in the carcinoma.