胸膜外入路与胸膜腔入路Nuss手术对照研究

目的 对胸膜外入路与胸膜腔入路钢板植入胸骨抬举术(Nuss手术)治疗小儿漏斗胸的效果进行比较.方法 2006年7月～2007年11月28例漏斗胸患儿按手术时间分为胸膜外入路组(n=12)和胸膜腔入路组(n=16),比较2组手术情况和疗效. 结果 2组均顺利完成手术,术中未发生气胸,无心包、心脏、肺损伤,手术结束漏斗畸形即校正.2组手术时间(34.4±3.4)min vs(33.4±5.9)min无统计学差异(t=0.524,P=0.605).胸膜外入路组术中出血量(2.5±0.5)ml显著少于胸膜腔入路组(7.5±2.6)ml(t=-6.542,P=0.000),但最大出血量仅有10 ml.胸膜外入路组住院时间(3.8±1.2)d显著短于胸膜腔人路组(5.6±1.8)d(t=-2.994,P=0.006).胸膜外入路组满意率为100%与胸膜腔人路组93.8%无统计学差异(P=1.000).胸膜外入路组皮下气肿、胸膜刺激征发生率显著低于胸膜腔入路组(0 vs 31.2%,P=0.053;0 vs 31.2%.P=0.053).28例患儿随访2～10个月,平均7.6月,所有患儿胸廓外形维持优良,无钢板及固定器移位、滑动或旋转,无肺感染. 结论 胸膜外入路与胸膜腔入路钢板植入胸骨抬举术治疗小儿漏斗胸安全、可行、有效.胸膜外入路与胸膜腔入路Nuss手术比较具有并发症少、恢复快、胸膜腔完整等优点.     

两切口Nuss手术与传统Nuss手术的对比研究

目的探讨两切口Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸的安全性和可行性。方法回顾对比分析2005年10月～2007年10月103例传统三切口Nuss手术（Nuss组）,与105例改良两切口Nuss手术（Nuss改良组）的临床资料,比较2种术式围手术期情况、并发症和手术效果。结果208例均顺利完成手术,Nuss改良组手术优占94.3%与Nuss组88.3%无统计学差异（x^2=2.318,P=0.128）。Nuss改良组患者的手术时间（39.2±7.4）min、术后住院时间（6.3±0.7）d均显著短于Nuss组（45.4±9.2）min、（7.2±0.9）d（t=5.361,P=0.000;t=8.059,P=0.000）。Nuss改良组患者术中出血量中位数为2.8 mI,显著少于Nuss组3.0 ml（x^2=5.158,P=0.000）。2组发生并发症各5例（Nuss组：1例气胸、1例血胸、1例心包穿孔和2例膈肌及肝脏损伤;Nuss改良组：气胸4例、心包穿孔1例）,无统计学差异（x^2=0.001,P=0.975）。随访3～30个月,无复发及远期并发症。结论改良两切口Nuss手术不但减少了一个切口,其手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间明显优于传统三切口Nuss手术;而且更容易观察到对侧的情况,安全和可行。     

比较Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的疗效

目的比较Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的效果。方法随机将78例漏斗胸患儿分为2组,每组39例。A组施行Nuss手术,B组施行改良Ravitch手术。观察比较2组手术效果。结果 A组手术时间、术中出血量、恢复活动时间及住院时间均短于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组并发症发生率、优良率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸与改良Ravitch手术效果相当,但Nuss手术创伤小、恢复快,应根据手术适应证加以选择。     

横断胸骨第2肋间小切口与胸骨正中切口行胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的对比研究

目的比较横断胸骨第2肋间与胸骨正中切口行胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的手术效果,以合理选择手术方式。方法回顾性分析1989年6月～2007年5月行胸腺切除术治疗633例重症肌无力患者的临床资料,根据不同的手术切口将其分为横断胸骨组(1989年6月～2007年5月,568例)和正中切口组(1989年6月～1996年5月,65例)。采用独立样本t检验分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院费用、术后住院时间等指标,采用χ2检验分析手术并发症、肌无力危象发生率。结果与正中切口组相比,横断胸骨组手术时间短[(71.1±14.4)min vs(110.0±11.7)min,t=8.829,P=0.000],术中出血量少[(56.4±15.7)ml vs(100.1±11.3)ml,t=9.406,P=0.000],胸腔引流时间短[(1.7±0.4)d vs(3.1±0.6)d,t=8.463,P=0.000],引流量少[(87.6±23.9)ml vs(99.9±11.2)ml,t=2.213,P=0.033],住院费用低[(11833.0±2167.2)元vs(15333.0±4141.4)元,t=2.594,P=0.017],术后住院时间短[(8.6±1.1)d vs(12.2±3.0)d,t=4.503,P=0.000],手术切口短[(7.9±1.2)cm vs(17.3±4.8)cm,t=7.911,P=0.000],切口感染发生率低[0%(0/568)vs 6.2%(4/65),P=0.000],胸骨裂开发生率低[0%(0/568)vs 7.7%(5/65),P=0.000],肺部感染发生率低[0%(0/568)vs 3.1%(2/65),P=0.010],手术后住院期间肌无力危象发生率低[8.8%(50/568)vs 16.9%(11/65),χ2=4.417,P=0.036]。2组术后第1年、第2年、第3年完全缓解率差异无显著性[21.8%(52/238)vs 19.5%(8/41),χ2=0.113,P=0.737;28.2%(67/238)vs 26.8%(11/41),χ2=0.030,P=0.862;31.9%(76/238)vs 31.7%(13/41),χ2=0.001,P=0.977]。结论横断胸骨第2肋间切口胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力安全性好,手术时间短,创伤小,术中出血量少,胸腔引流和住院时间短,住院费用低,能降低术后肌无力危象和手术并发症的发生率,美观,而且横断胸骨组能取得正中切口组手术同样理想的治疗效果,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤2141例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的临床价值。方法回顾分析2010年1月～2011年9月2141例行腹腔镜（770例）或开腹（1371例）手术治疗的卵巢良性肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中384例行患侧附件切除,1757例行肿瘤剔除。比较两组围手术期情况及住院费用。结果术后病理诊断为卵巢良性畸胎瘤899例,卵巢单纯性囊肿124例,卵巢囊腺瘤1070例,卵巢纤维瘤48例。与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组患者年轻[（32.7±9.4）岁vs.（39.7±13.8）岁,t=-12.499,P=0.000],肿瘤小[（6.03±1.85）cm vs.（6.83±2.37）cm,t=-8.085,P=0.000]。腹腔镜组手术时间早[（61.5±8.5）min vs.（72.5±7.1）min,t=-32.084,P=0.000],术中出血少[（75.0±10.5）ml vs.（105.5±9.0）ml,t=-70.796,P=0.000],术后排气早[（10.5±4.1）h vs.（33.0±9.6）h,t=-62.046,P=0.000],下床活动早[（12.5±1.8）h vs.（36.7±10.9）h,t=-61.010,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[（4.7±1.2）d vs.（8.9±2.3）d,t=-46.904,P=0.000];但住院费用高[（15 172±2876）元vs.（11 576±2851）元,t=27.919,P=0.000]。结论对卵巢良性肿瘤实施腹腔镜手术较之开腹手术治疗,手术出血少,术后恢复快,有较大的应用价值,值得推广。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析1999年1月~2010年3月84例先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的临床资料,其中50例在腹腔镜下行幽门环肌切开术,34例行开腹手术。比较两组手术时间、术后进全奶时间、住院总费用、术后住院时间、术后呕吐及手术并发症发生率。结果开腹组与腹腔镜组在手术时间[（31.4±9.2）min vs.（30.5±10.5）min,t=0.407,P=0.687],术后进全奶时间[（23.4±6.4）h vs.（22.5±7.1）h,t=0.596,P=0.555],住院总费用[（8970±1430）元vs.（9130±1150）元,t=-0.569,P=0.572],术后呕吐比例[17.6%（6/34）vs.22.0%（11/50）,χ2=0.238,P=0.626],手术并发症发生率[8.8%（3/34）vs.8.0%（4/50）,χ2=0.000,P=1.000]方面差异无显著性,但术后住院时间开腹组明显长于腹腔镜组[（6.4±0.9）d vs.（3.5±0.5）d,t=19.330,P=0.000]。腹腔镜组术后无切口感染。腹腔镜组出现2例幽门黏膜破裂,均中转行开腹手术,都发生在开展腹腔镜手术前15例内。结论经过一定的学习曲线后,腹腔镜手术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄是安全、有效的。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗阑尾周围脓肿的对比分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗阑尾周围脓肿的疗效与优势.方法 回顾分析我院2010年3月～2013年3月120例阑尾周围脓肿手术患者的临床资料,2011年3月前以开腹手术为主,以后均为腹腔镜手术,各60例,比较2组手术时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、抗生素应用时间、住院时间等指标.结果 2组手术均获成功,腹腔镜组无中转开腹.腹腔镜组手术时间短[（58.2±3.4）minvs.（78.5±2.5）min,t=-36.911,P=0.000],排气早[（23.8±3.8）h vs.（46.4±4.0）h,t=-31.526,P=0.000],术后抗生素应用时间短[（5.5±1.2）d vs.（8.2±1.5）d,t=-10.887,P=0.000],住院时间短[（6.1±1.2）d vs.（9.2±1.6）d,t=-12.006,P=0.000],术后并发症少[3例vs.12例,Х^2=6.171,P=0.013].结论 对于腹腔镜手术操作熟练且有经验的医师,阑尾周围脓肿行腹腔镜手术治疗具有独特优势.     

Ravitch法与Nuss法纠正漏斗胸比较（附36例临床报告）

目的 对两种漏斗胸矫正手术(Ravitch法与Nuss法)进行比较.方法 收集我科2006年1月至2009年1月接受漏斗胸矫正术病例,分为Ravitch组、Nuss组,进行手术创伤、并发症、术后效果的比较.结果 ①Ravitch组术中平均出血量(225±132.29)ml, Nuss组为(38.27±30.59)ml(心脏破裂的1例未统计在内),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Ravitch组手术时间(225±45.88)min,Nuss组为(92.91±45.25)min, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Ravitch组患者术后平均卧床时间(7.32±0.52)d,平均住院日(17.51±2.63)d,而Nuss组分别为(3.35±0.78)d、(11.55±1.75)d,两指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).②Ravitch组出现的并发症依次为胸腔积液(3例)、气胸(1例)、呕吐(1例),Nuss组为胸腔积液(3例)、心耳破裂(1例)、排异反应(1例)、气胸(1例).③无论Ravitch组还是Nuss组,术前有心肺压迫受限症状者均得到显著缓解;外形满意率Ravitch组为93%,Nuss组为87%.结论 Nuss漏斗胸矫正术可以显著降低手术创伤,对于小儿有取代Ravitch手术的趋势,对于成人的效果尚待进一步观察.     

腹腔镜辅助与开腹手术治疗进展期胃癌的对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗进展期胃癌的价值。方法回顾性分析2009年3月～2012年4月86例进展期胃癌的临床资料,其中40例腹腔镜辅助手术,46例开腹手术。比较两组手术时间、出血量、清扫淋巴结数、术后排气时间、术后并发症、住院时间及住院费用等。结果 2组手术时间、清扫淋巴结数、住院费用差异无显著性。与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组出血少[（226.6±49.5）ml vs.（305.3±29.3）ml,t=-9.107,P=0.000],术后排气早[（2.2±0.8）d vs.（3.4±0.9）d,t=-6.476,P=0.000],术后并发症少[0（0/40）vs.15%（7/46）,P=0.013],住院时间短[（9.1±1.6）d vs.（12.5±1.6）d,t=-9.987,P=0.000]。结论腹腔镜辅助治疗进展期胃癌具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点,近期优势较开腹手术明显。     

急性结肠穿孔经腹腔镜与传统开腹手术效果比较

目的对比腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗急性结肠穿孔的效果,探讨经腹腔镜手术的安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年1月~2014年12月我院收治的42例急性结肠穿孔的临床资料,22例行腹腔镜手术,20例行开腹手术,对比2组的手术治疗效果。结果与开放组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间短[(160.5±25.4)min vs.(210.3±45.6)min,t=-4.426,P=0.000],手术失血量少[(112±21)ml vs.(220±53)ml,t=-8.834,P=0.000],术后肠造口排气早[(4.2±1.2)d vs.(7.3±3.4)d,t=-4.016,P=0.000],肺部感染少[9.1%(2/22)vs.40.0%(8/20),χ2=3.945,P=0.047],总住院时间短[(10.3±2.6)d vs.(15.6±2.4)d,t=-6.839,P=0.000],住院费用少[(2.26±0.45)万元vs.(3.16±0.38)万元,t=-6.966,P=0.000]。围术期死亡率和切口感染率差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论对于急性结肠穿孔采取经腹腔镜的手术方式,具有手术创伤小、出血量少、术后肠功能恢复快、肺部感染少、住院时间短、住院费用低等优点,疗效确切,安全可行,值得临床推广。     

Minimally invasive Nuss technique allows for repair of recurrent pectus excavatum following the Ravitch procedure: report of 12 cases

This work aimed to determine the efficacy of recurrent pectus excavatum repair using a minimally invasive Nuss procedure. We performed a secondary repair in 12 patients with recurrent pectus excavatum by using the minimally invasive Nuss procedure. Prior repairs had been performed using the Ravitch procedure in all cases. The values obtained in preoperative pulmonary function tests were less than 80% of the normal values. The median duration of surgery was slightly longer than that of the primary surgeries. The procedural complications included hemothorax (16.7%) and pleural effusion (25.0%). None of the patients developed a pneumothorax, pericarditis, pneumonia, wound infection, or immune rejection. There were no deaths or cardiac perforations. Exercise tolerance increased in 7 of the 12 cases. We achieved excellent results from surgical correction using the Nuss procedure in these 12 patients who showed recurrent pectus excavatum after failed repair surgery using the Ravitch procedure.     

Nuss手术矫治复杂漏斗胸

目的 总结Nuss手术治疗复杂漏斗胸的临床经验.方法 2006年9月至2009年10月,采用Nuss于术治疗169例漏斗胸病儿,其中复杂漏斗胸45例,术前常规行胸部CT和心脏B超等检查.有合并症者同时行合并症矫治,极重度和严重不对称漏斗胸分别采用剑突下小切口辅助、个性化钢板、多钢板放置、斜行放置钢板等方法完成矫治.结果 45例均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间54 min,术后4例出现少量气胸或皮下气肿,术后平均住院7天.矫形效果为优秀30例,良好13例,中等2例.所有病儿均获得随访,效果满意.结论 对复杂漏斗胸术前必须完善诊断,并分别和综合采用多种改良的Nuss手术方法,可以达到较好的矫治效果.     

CT在漏斗胸诊断和微创Nuss手术中的作用

目的 探讨CT在漏斗胸术前诊断和微创Nuss手术中的应用.方法 2002年7月到2008年9月648例NUSS手术病例均行术前CT检查,分析病人胸廓的畸形程度、分型、与周围脏器的关系和发现合并症,对手术进行指导和评价.结果 648例均顺利完成手术,CT分度为中度73例(11.27%),重度575例(88.73%).对称型407例(62.81%),偏心型83例(12.81%),不均衡型158例(24.38%).术前发现其他合并症116例(17.90%),CT检查确诊55例,占发现合并症的47.41%;55例中28例同期进行了手术.结论 CT能有效评价胸廓的畸形程度、分型、指导手术的入路、减少并发症的发生,并能进一步发现其他先天畸形等合并症,还是漏斗胸微创Nuss手术的术前常规检查和重要评估手段.     

When patients choose: comparison of Nuss, Ravitch, and Leonard procedures for primary repair of pectus excavatum

Background/Purpose

Pectus excavatum is a common chest wall deformity, and several procedures have been developed for its correction. We allow patients to choose among Leonard, Nuss, and Ravitch procedures. This study aimed to determine which procedure most patients select and the resultant outcomes.

Methods

Charts were reviewed of all pectus excavatum repairs performed for 4 years by a practice covering a university-based children's hospital. Procedure choice, operative time, length of stay, analgesia, fees, and complications were recorded.

Results

The Ravitch procedure was chosen by 60.9% of our patients, Leonard procedure by 23.9%, and Nuss procedure by 15.2%. Operative times were not significantly different among the groups. The mean length of stay was 2.2 days (Ravitch), 1.5 days (Leonard), and 3.9 days (Nuss) (P < .005). Epidural analgesia/patient-controlled analgesia pump requirements were 50% (Ravitch), 5% (Leonard), and 100% (Nuss). The mean charges were $27,414 (Ravitch), $18,094 (Leonard), and $43,749 (Nuss) (P < .05). The overall complication rate was 16.3%. The complications among each group were as follows: Ravitch, 14.3%; Leonard, 9.1%; and Nuss, 35.7%.

Conclusions

We allow patients to choose among Leonard, Ravitch, and Nuss procedures for repair of pectus excavatum. Most select the Ravitch procedure. Length of stay, fees, analgesic needs, and complication rate were highest among patients in the Nuss group; all of these variables were lowest in the Leonard group.     

Reactive pectus carinatum in patients treated for pectus excavatum

Purpose

The Ravitch and minimally invasive Nuss procedures have brought widespread relief to children with pectus excavatum, chest wall deformities, over the last half century. Generally accepted long-term complications of pectus excavatum repair are typically limited to recurrence of the excavatum deformity or persistent pain. This study examines the authors' experience with patients who develop a subsequent carinatum deformity within 1 year of pectus excavatum repair.

Methods

The authors retrospectively assessed the charts of all patients diagnosed as having a carinatum deformity subsequent to treatment for pectus excavatum at a tertiary urban hospital. We noted age at original correction of pectus excavatum, time from original correction to diagnosis of carinatum deformity, age at correction of carinatum deformity, complaints before correction, methods of repair, postoperative complications, and we reviewed relevant radiography.

Results

Three patients who underwent pectus excavatum repair between January 2000 and August 2007 developed a subsequent carinatum deformity. Two patients initially underwent minimally invasive Nuss correction of pectus excavatum; 1 patient underwent the Ravitch procedure. Within 1 year of original correction and despite intraoperative achievement of neutral sternal position, a protruding anterior chest deformity resembling de novo pectus carinatum emerged in each patient; we term this condition reactive pectus carinatum. The mean age of patients undergoing initial pectus excavatum repair was 13 years (range, 11-16 years). The pathophysiology of this reactive lesion is not well understood but is thought to originate from reactive fibroblastic stimulation as a result of sternal manipulation and bar placement. Patients who underwent Nuss correction initially were managed with early bar removal. Two of the patients eventually required surgical resection of the carinatum deformity at a time interval of 3 to 6 years after initial excavatum repair. In one patient, the carinatum deformity resolved spontaneously. Neutral chest position and absence of dyspenic symptoms were achieved in all patients.

Conclusions

Reactive pectus carinatum is functionally encumbering and a poor cosmetic complication of either the Ravitch or minimally invasive Nuss procedures. Our experience with reactive pectus carinatum introduces the importance of postoperative vigilance even in patients without underlying fibroelastic disease. Examination of the chest with attention to the possibility of an emerging carinatum deformity, particularly in the first 6 postoperative months, is paramount. A telephone call to the patient at 3 months may be a useful adjunct to clinic visits. An optimal long-term result may be achieved through a combination of early Nuss bar removal or postpubertal pectus carinatum repair.     

漏斗胸Nuss术后钢板取出手术方法的改良

目的探讨漏斗胸Nuss术后钢板取出手术的改进方法。方法2008年1月～2011年2月64例漏斗胸Nuss术后钢板取出,27例为双侧切口,其中双侧固定片18例、单侧固定片9例,包括2例肋骨骨痂包绕成骨、2例严重漏斗胸;37例为单侧切口。采用单腔气管插管全麻,平卧位,选固定片侧原手术侧切口,将固定片外露出皮肤后去除,再使用骨科旋转器将钢板向外稍扳直后,向下沿着钢板弧度将钢板拉出。结果手术时间10-75min,平均21min;术中出血量5—450ml,平均为15ml。2例（3．1％）术中出血量〉400ml,为钢板固定片骨痂形成,术中损伤肋间血管导致出血;1例（1．6％）钢丝遗留再次手术去除;4例（6．2％）术后少量气胸,2例（3．1％）术后术口感染,保守治疗后痊愈。术后住院时间1—13d,平均2．5d。术后1年取出钢板2例（3．1％）,术后2年3例（4．7％）,术后3年59例（92．2％）。2年内拆除钢板原因为患者对钢板过敏致钢板外露（4例）和钢板严重移位（1例）。64例随访4～36个月,平均16．8月,所有患者均保持同术前相近的良好漏斗胸畸形矫正效果。结论漏斗胸Nuss手术患者钢板多在3年后去除,通过改良Nuss术后钢板取出手术方法,采用固定片侧原手术侧切口,将固定片外露出皮肤后先去除,然后将钢板向外稍扳直后沿钢板弧度不翻转钢板向下将钢板顺原位取出,可以减少和预防并发症发生。     

Postoperative opioid analgesic use after Nuss versus Ravitch pectus excavatum repair

Background/Purpose

Anticipated postoperative pain may affect procedure choice in patients with pectus excavatum. This study aims to compare postoperative pain in patients undergoing Nuss and Ravitch procedures.

Methods

A 5 year retrospective review was performed. Data on age, gender, Haller index, procedure, pain scores, pain medications, and length of hospital stay were collected. Total inpatient opioid administration was converted to morphine equivalent daily dose per kilogram (MEDD/kg) and compared between procedures.

Results

One hundred eighty-one patients underwent 125 (69%) Nuss and 56 (31%) Ravitch procedures. Ravitch patients were older (15.7 yo vs 14.6 yo, p = 0.004) and had a higher Haller index (5.21 vs 4.10, p = < 0.001). Nuss patients had higher average daily pain scores, received 25% more opioids (MEDD/kg 0.66 vs. 0.49, p = < 0.001), and received twice as much IV diazepam/kg. In the multivariate analysis, higher MEDD/kg correlated with both the Nuss procedure and older age in the Nuss group. Opioid administration did not correlate with Haller index or Nuss bar fixation technique. Increased NSAID administration did not correlate with lower use of opioids.

Conclusion

The Nuss procedure is associated with greater postoperative pain compared to the Ravitch procedure. Opioid use is higher in older patients undergoing the Nuss procedure, but is not associated with severity of deformity.     

胸膜外Nuss手术与Nuss手术对比研究

目的 前瞻性对比胸膜外Nuss手术和Nuss手术的安全性和可行性.方法 2008年7月至2009年6月252例行Nuss手术者,排除漏斗胸复发、有合并症同期手术、大于13岁、广泛凹陷使用双支撑架和极重度和严重非对称性者,余131例随机分两组,62例胸膜外Nuss手术组和69例Nuss手术组.比较两种术式同手术期情况、并发症和手术效果,并观察胸膜外组钢板是否确在胸膜外.结果 131例均顺利完成手术,在两组年龄、Haller指数差异无统计学意义的前提下,手术优良率、手术时间、术中出血量和出院时间差异亦均无统计学意义.随访14～26个月,无复发及远期并发症,两组并发症各3.例,差异无统计学意义.胸膜外组32例破入胸腔.结论 胸膜外Nuss手术是安全可行的,但与Nuss手术组在手术时间、术中出血、出院时间和手术效果上无任何优势,且不容易观察到对侧胸腔情况,手术方法不容易掌握和推广.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the safety and feasibility of thoracoscopic extrapleural Nuss procedure with traditional intrapleural Nuss procedure. Methods Total 252 patients with pectus excavatum received Nuss surgery from July 2008 to June 2009 in Beijing children' s hospital. Patients had following condition were excluded; (1) recurrent pectus excavatum; (2) complicated with other diseases, and need simultaneous surgery; (3) older than 13-year-old; (4) extensive depression, and need two Nuss bar; or (5) extreme severe or severe unsymmetric. 131 cases were selected in our study and they were randomly divided into two groups, thoracoscopic extrapleural Nuss procedure ( n = 62 ) and traditional intrapleural Nuss procedure ( n =69). Perioperative information, postoperative complications, effectiveness and the location of the Nuss bar were compared between two groups. Results All the 131 patients had completed the procedure successfully. There were no significant differences in age, Haller index; surgical effects, operation time, blood loss, and hospital stay, between two groups. Postoperative complications between the two groups are not significant. 131 patients were followed up from 14 to 26 months, and no recurrence and long-term complications occurred. About more than half cases of extrapleural Nuss procedure group were break the pleural into thoracic cavity. Conclusion Both extrapleural and intrapleural Nuss procedure are safe and effective for pectus excavatum, but extrapleural Nuss procedure have no advantage to the intrapleural Nuss procedure, also it' s hard to observe the other side of thoracic cavity during the surgery, and not easy to grasp and to promote.     

Nuss手术矫治复杂漏斗胸95例

目的 总结Nuss手术矫治复杂漏斗胸的经验和方法.方法 2006年8月至2011年7月施行漏斗胸Nuss手术443例,其中Haller指数＞6的极重度漏斗胸、严重不对称漏斗胸、有合并症的漏斗胸、复发性漏斗胸以及需放置多根钢板方能矫形满意者纳入复杂漏斗胸范畴,共95例,依漏斗胸复杂性的不同,分别和综合采用多种改良的Nuss手术技术:多钢板、斜行钢板、双弧形钢板等个性化技术;改进钢丝固定方式;合用截骨术;辅助小切口;不同侧置入胸腔镜;合并症的分期或同期手术等.结果 95例均顺利完成手术,手术(90.13 ±39.12) min,失血量(45.41±19.23) ml,无严重术中并发症,术后并发症13.6％.术后平均住院(7.21±2.87)天,效果良好,优良率92.6％.结论 对复杂的漏斗胸采用改良的Nuss手术,综合运用多种技术能取得较满意的矫形效果.