双侧脑室外引流联合尿激酶治疗23例重型高血压脑室出血的临床分析

目的探讨侧脑室额角穿刺脑室外引流同时尿激酶注入脑室治疗重型高血压脑室出血的临床疗效。方法选取46例重型高血压脑室出血患者,根据不同的治疗方法分为治疗组与对照组两组,每组各23例。治疗组为双侧脑室额角穿刺脑室外引流同时脑室注射尿激酶,对照组为单纯侧脑室额角穿刺脑室外引流治疗,观察和比较两组病例的临床治疗效果。结果术后随访3个月时治疗组的ADL评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论对脑室内出血患者采用双侧脑室外引流与尿激酶冲洗联合进行治疗具有良好的临床疗效,有效提高患者的生存质量,值得推广应用。     

双侧脑室外引流结合腰大池引流治疗重症脑室出血63例

目的探讨双侧脑室出血外引流结合腰大池引流治疗重症脑室出血的疗效。方法对63例重症脑室出血患者先行双侧脑室外引流,24h后结合腰大池引流并用尿激酶灌注进行头腰侧交替引流血性脑脊液。结果术后10d复查CT,43例脑室系统积血基本消失,14例积血减少50%,6例积血减少30%,无梗阻性脑积水。术后死亡16例（占25.4%）。存活47例（占74.6%）,随访3个月,按ADL分级：Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级13例,Ⅲ级15例,Ⅳ级7例,Ⅴ级4例。结论采用双侧脑室引流结合腰大池引流治疗重症脑室出血,能明显减少引流时间,降低死亡率和致残率,提高患者生活质量。     

早期双侧脑室外引流并尿激酶灌洗治疗脑室内出血疗效分析

目的探讨侧脑室外引流联合尿激酶灌注治疗脑室出血的疗效及相关问题。方法对脑室出血患者早期行双侧脑室外引流加尿激酶灌注进行纤溶治疗的32例病例进行回顾性分析。结果本组恢复良好20例,中残8例,重残3例,死亡1例。结论早期双侧脑室外引流及尿激酶治疗脑室出血效果良好。     

微创治疗重度脑室出血(附36例报告)

目的:研究重度脑室出血的疗效。方法:对36例重度脑室出血患者通YL-1型血肿粉碎针进行双侧脑室额角置管外引流及尿激酶灌注冲洗引流和终池脑脊液置管引流治疗。结果:CT显示脑室内血肿消除时间4～5天21例,6～7天9例,9～10天4例,平均6天,基本治愈16例,显著进步11例,进步3例,植物生存3例,死亡3例。结论:微创治疗重度脑室出血安全、简便、有效。     

颅内压监护在自发性脑室出血治疗中的应用体会

目的 探讨颅内压（ICP）监护技术在自发性脑室出血中的应用体会. 方法 回顾性分析13例自发性脑室出血患者应用颅内压（ICP）监护技术的临床资料. 结果 13例自发性脑室出血患者中8例单纯侧脑室穿刺引流者,术后ICP平均值12.3mmHg;3例行基底节血肿清除并脑室外引流术后ICP平均值15.7mmHg;1例基底节血肿在60ml以上仅行脑室外引流并ICP监护的患者术后持续高值,因病情危重自动出院后死亡;1例基底节血肿小于30ml行单侧侧脑室穿刺引流并ICP监测的患者术后ICP持续高于30mmHg,经CT复查提示颅内再出血加行小骨窗颅内血肿清除术后ICP明显下降.患者脑室内引流基本干净时间4～8天,ICP监测4～7天,引流管放置时间4～10天,平均住院22.4天.基本痊愈5例,显著好转3例,好转3例,1例植物生存,死亡1例;偏瘫5例,单瘫2例,失语3例,生活自理者7例. 结论 针对自发性脑室出血患者,脑室型ICP监护不仅可实时精确地监测颅内压,为规范治疗提供重要的科学依据,还可以直接引流脑脊液,有效调节ICP;在ICP许可的前提下,灌注尿激酶后可适当延长夹管时间,使颅内血肿溶解更为有效彻底,早日贯通脑脊液循环;通过ICP监测,还能在临床症状出现之前提示颅内再出血等情况,从而为及时及时调整治疗方案争取时间,提高疗效.但在使用过程中要强调精确定位穿刺,精细操作,避免损伤,加强无菌观念,避免颅内感染,术后ICP监护要结合头颅CT动态复查情况.     

基层医院治疗脑室出血134例临床体会

目的 探讨脑室出血临床治疗的体会.方法 对134例脑室出血患者单侧或双侧脑室穿刺引流,术后第2 d开始行侧脑室注入尿激酶及腰穿脑脊液置换.结果 134例采用本法治疗成功129例(96.3%),死亡5例(3.7%).结论 侧脑室引流术及注入尿激酶治疗脑室出血,可明显降低病死率和残死率,提高生存率,适合基层医院临床推广应用...     

双向引流及尿激酶灌注治疗脑室内出血

目的 探讨双向引流结合脑室及腰大池内注入尿激酶治疗脑室内出血的疗效。方法将26例脑室内出血患者行双侧脑室外引流及腰大池置管外引流（双向引流），术后第一天起采用等量置换原则，每天2次分别向脑室内及腰大池内注入溶有尿激酶2万u的生理盐水约2ml，并用2ml生理盐水冲洗，夹管4h后开放。定期复查头颅CT，术后3～5天脑室内出血基本清除后拔出脑室外引流管，10～20天脑脊液清亮后拔出腰大池引流管。结果 本组26例患者中，22例术后4周意识逐渐清醒，2例持续昏迷，2例死亡。结论 该方法是一种简单、有效、安全、可行的治疗脑室内出血的新措施。     

双侧侧脑室引流联合腰池置管持续引流术治疗重度脑室出血39例

目的双侧侧脑室引流联合腰池置管持续引流术治疗重度脑室出血的疗效。方法对39例侧重度脑室出血患者采用双侧侧脑室引流加腰池置管持续引流术;同时交替行脑室内尿激酶灌注术进行治疗。结果本组39例,存活34例,死亡5例。结论双侧侧脑室引流加腰池置管持续引流术治疗重度脑室出血疗效显著,简单实用。     

微创穿刺引流联合尿激酶溶血治疗丘脑出血的疗效分析

目的观察微创穿刺引流联合尿激酶溶血治疗丘脑出血的临床疗效。方法将本院自2015年1月到2018年1月收治的86例丘脑出血患者随机分为两组,其中治疗组45例,对照组41例。治疗组行软通道微创穿刺血肿抽吸和或脑室外引流术,术后予丘脑及脑室尿激酶溶血引流,对照组丘脑出血行保守治疗,其余治疗同治疗组,对比两组的疗效。结果两组患者在术后2周再出血率,死亡率及颅内感染率无明显差别,治疗组在远期生活质量评分优于对照组(P0.05)。结论微创穿刺引流联合尿激酶溶血治疗丘脑出血能够改善患者的预后及生活质量,操作简单,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

穿刺置管全脑室冲洗术治疗脑室出血

目的探讨穿刺置管全脑室冲洗术治疗原发性高血压丘脑出血破入脑室、积血铸型的价值.方法 1999年3月～2002年4月我们在积血侧侧脑室额角置硅胶管,第3、4腰椎间隙穿刺,蛛网膜下腔置硬膜外麻醉管,脑室端生理盐水冲洗引流治疗17例脑室出血. 结果 17例均一次手术成功,术后3～12 h神志清醒,无一例发生颅内感染.术后第1天复查CT,发病6 h以内手术者,脑室积血全部消失;发病6 h以上手术者,侧脑室血肿减少,第三、四脑室血肿明显变小或消失. 结论穿刺置管全脑室冲洗引流术简便,创伤小,效果良好.     

两种术式治疗脑室型丘脑出血的对比研究

目的探讨显微技术小骨窗开颅行丘脑血肿清除术＋脑室外引流术与丘脑血肿穿刺引流术＋脑室外引流术治疗脑室型丘脑出血的疗效。方法46例脑室型丘脑出血（大于20ml）患者随机分成A、B两组，A组22例，采用显微技术小骨窗开颅丘脑血肿清除术＋脑室外引流术；B组24例，在CT定位下行丘脑血肿穿刺引流术＋脑室外引流术。结果A组治疗在意识恢复时间、死亡率、GOS评分与B组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论丘脑血肿大于20ml的脑室型丘脑出血宜采用显微外科小骨窗开颅行丘脑血肿清除术＋脑室外引流术。     

MRimaging Findings after Ventricular Puncture in Patients with SAH

Summary  Object. Using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, we studied brain injury from ventricular puncture performed during craniotomy in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).  Methods. 80 patients underwent craniotomy for aneurysm obliteration within 48 hr after SAH, ventricular puncture for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was perfomed to reduce intracranial pressure. MR imaging was performed within 3 days following surgery to measure the size of the lesion, and was repeated on postoperative days 14 and 30.  Conclusions. Of the 80 patients with ventricular puncture preceding craniotomy, 65 (81%) showed MR evidence of brain injury from the puncture. Overall, 149 lesions were detected. According to coronal images, cortical injuries (54 cases), penetrating injury to tracts along the ventricular tube (55 cases), caudate injury (25 cases), and corpus callosum injury (15 cases). Brain injuries from ventricular puncture did not correlate significantly to patient outcome. While ventricular puncture and drainage of CSF can readily be performed to decrease brain volume at the time of craniotomy in acute-stage SAH, neurosurgeons should be aware of a surprisingly high incidence of brain injury complicating puncture.     

Ⅲ型肝囊性包虫病经皮粗管穿刺治疗450例分析

目的总结经皮粗管穿刺治疗肝囊性包虫病（Ⅲ）的临床经验。方法回顾分析经皮粗管穿刺治疗肝囊性包虫病（Ⅲ）450例的临床资料。结果穿刺均获成功。未发生肝包虫内囊液溢出及过敏性休克。20例术后出现胆瘘,10例残腔感染。2例出血均获治愈。结论经皮粗管穿刺治疗肝囊性包虫病（Ⅲ）是一种安全有效的治疗方法。效果与开腹手术一致。同时包虫病穿刺治疗要有选择性。     

治疗Ⅳ~Ⅴ级动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血的临床体会

目的探讨动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血Ⅳ-Ⅴ级患者的治疗方法。方法对33例Ⅳ-Ⅴ级动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血患者急诊动脉瘤血管内栓塞后,并给予脑室外、腰大池引流、血肿清除治疗。结果17例患者恢复良好,神经功能恢复（51．52％）,4例术后出现脑积水,但神经功能基本恢复（12．12％）,5例患者植物生存（15．15％）,7例术后临床死亡（21．21％）。结论早期血管内栓塞治疗可以改善动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血Ⅳ-Ⅴ级患者的预后。     

立体定向穿刺引流与显微镜下小骨窗血肿清除术治疗基底节区脑出血的疗效比较

目的探讨立体定向穿刺引流治疗基底节区脑出血的临床疗效。方法本院2011年9月~2013年9月立体定向穿刺引流治疗基底节区脑出血患者50例(观察组),与同期行显微镜下小骨窗血肿清除术的50例患者进行对比(对照组)。结果观察组4例患者术后出现并发症,并发症发生率为8%(4/50),3例死亡,死亡率6%(3/50)。对照组12例患者术后出现并发症,并发症发生率为24%(12/50),死亡4例,死亡率为8%(4/50)。两组患者术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用立体定向穿刺引流治疗基底节区脑出血具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快的优点,值得在临床推广应用。     

Cerebrospinal fluid transfer of cefotiam (CTM). Its relationship to CT

Drip intravenous infusion of cefotiam (CTM) was made on patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage and study was made on CSF transfer of CTM and at the same time on the relationship between CSF transfer of iodine contrast medium and CT scan findings. This study was made on 11 cases of cisternal drainage and 8 cases of ventricular drainage. Cisternal drainage cases were all postoperative cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Cases of ventricular drainage included 4 postoperative cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm, 1 case of CSF rhinorrhea, 2 cases of brain tumor, and 1 case of ventricular hemorrhage. Drip intravenous infusion of 1.0 g of CTM was made in one hour and at given periods thereafter CSF was collected and measured. CTM transferred to the CSF in cistern at a comparatively high concentration (16.3-0.7 microgram/ml). Hardly any transfer of CTM to the CSF in ventricle was seen in one case of cerebral aneurysm, CSF rhinorrhea, and brain tumor, but transfer was observed in one case of cerebral aneurysm, one case of brain tumor, and case of ventricular hemorrhage. Transfer of iodine contrast medium showed the positive correlation to the transfer of CTM. In cases of brain tumor and ventricular hemorrhage with transfer of CTM with ventricular drainage, enhancement effect of the ventricular wall by the contrast medium could be observed by CT scan. From the foregoing, the following results were obtained. There was good transfer of CTM to the CSF in cistern in postoperative cases of ruptured aneurysm. CTM did not transfer to CSF in the normal ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Ventricular puncture; is it a safe procedure?]

Four hundred and fifty patients underwent 755 ventricular punctures as a procedure for continuous ventricular drainage (CVD), or ventriculoperitoneal/ventriculoatrial shunt (shunt) between April, 1983 and March, 1990. In all patients, postoperative findings on CT scan and related clinical manifestations were studied. Of the total of 755 punctures in 100 cases (13.2%) some high density areas (HDA) (i.e. intracerebral hemorrhage) appeared on CT scans, and, of these, HDA larger than 3 cm in diameter (Type C) was seen in 12 cases (1.6%). On the other hand, some low density areas (LDA) appeared in 448 cases (59.3%), and, of these, an extensive LDA (Type C) was seen in 65 cases (8.6%). LDA on CT scan tended to improve gradually with time, and in one third of the cases it was undetectable one year after puncture. Nine percent of the LDA decreased in density, and they were regarded as areas of infarction or porencephalus. The factors considered to affect postoperative HDA were 1) old age, 2) puncture in the occipital region, 3) puncture in a previously damaged brain area, 4) repuncture using the same tract within a short interval from the previous puncture, 5) CVD. Conversely, factors that affected the LDA were 1) low age, 2) puncture in the occipital region, 3) puncture to normal, non-damaged brain, 4) puncture using a new tract. Ten out of 12 patients with large HDA (Type C) showed deterioration of consciousness level or epilepsy as an acute manifestation, and a prolonged disturbance of consciousness. Mental change and/or homonymous hemianopia were seen in all surviving patients in the chronic phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后迟发性胆漏12例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）后迟发性胆漏的原因、预防及处理措施。方法对我院1994年11月～2007年12月11000例LC后出现迟发性胆漏12例的发生机制、发病特点、处理方法及预后进行回顾性分析。结果热电效应引起的胆管穿孔性损伤8例,迷走胆管漏2例,原因不详2例。经B超引导下置管引流4例,镜下及开腹修补联合T管引流3例,腹穿联合鼻胆管引流（endoscopic nasobiliary drainage,ENBD）3例,腹穿联合胆道内支架（endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage,ERBD）1例,开腹胆总管空肠吻合术1例。所有病人均治愈出院,住院时间8～21d,平均15d。无腹腔感染、出血、再次胆漏、肠漏等并发症。引流术后10d左右复查B超或造影显示胆道无狭窄、扩张,造影剂排泄通畅。12例随访1年,无胆管狭窄及胆道感染的临床症状。结论热电效应引起胆管损伤是LC后迟发性胆漏的主要原因;术中操作轻柔,严格按解剖层次分离,是预防术后迟发性胆漏的关键;内镜和介入治疗是诊断及治疗迟发性胆漏的主要方法,有其独到的优势。     

彩色多普勒超声引导下经皮穿刺留置中心静脉导管引流并反复无水乙醇硬化法治疗单纯性肾囊肿

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声引导下经皮穿刺留置中心静脉导管引流并反复无水乙醇硬化法治疗单纯性肾囊肿的治疗方法 和临床应用价值.方法 对58例原发性肾囊肿患者进行了彩色多普勒超声引导经皮穿刺留置中心静脉导管引流并反复无水乙醇硬化法治疗.结果所有患者均一次性穿刺成功,成功率100%,术后均放置中心静脉导管.经引流管共注射无水乙...     

多参数定位在高血压性脑出血定向置管术中的应用

目的探讨多参数定位立体定向血肿腔内置管治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效及适应证。方法2003年10月-2005年5月，我院对56例高血压性脑出血采用立体定向技术，对人颅点、穿刺平面、穿刺角度、深度、引流管侧孔长度进行精确设定。必要时选择一孔多点置管。结果根据GOS评分，恢复良好12例（21．4％），中残29例（51．8％），重残12例（21．4％），死亡3例（5．4％）。结论多参数定位立体定向血肿腔内置管治疗高血压性脑出血，定位准确，创伤小，疗效显著。10—60ml血肿均可进行该手术，尤其适用于年老体弱及深部血肿患者。手术时机以发病3—6h为宜。