替米沙坦对同型半胱氨酸诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞血管细胞黏附分子1、核因子κB表达及细胞黏附的影响

目的观察替米沙坦对同型半胱氨酸诱导体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)、核因子κB(NF-κB)表达及与单核细胞黏附的影响。方法胶原酶消化法获取人脐静脉内皮细胞;RT-PCR检测VCAM-1 mRMA的表达;Western blot检测VCAM-1、NF-κB蛋白的表达;ROSE BENGAL染色法检测单核细胞-血管内皮细胞黏附功能。结果与空白对照组相比,同型半胱氨酸增强了人脐静脉内皮细胞VCAM-1 mRMA、VCAM-1蛋白、NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平及与单核细胞黏附能力。替米沙坦(1000 nmol/L组)明显降低了同型半胱氨酸诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞VCAM-1 mRMA、VCAM-1蛋白、NF-κB p65蛋白及与单核细胞的黏附水平(P<0.01)。与同型半胱氨酸组比,PDTC(NF-κB抑制剂)组NF-κB p65蛋白、VCAM-1 mRMA、VCAM-1蛋白表达水平均明显降低,内皮细胞与单核细胞的黏附水平也明显降低(P<0.01)。结论替米沙坦抑制了VCAM-1 mRMA和蛋白的表达及内皮与单核细胞的黏附水平,其机制可能是通过抑制NF-κB而抑制炎症反应及内皮损伤。     

Cerivastatin reduces cytokine-induced surface expression of ICAM-1 via increased shedding in human endothelial cells

Activation of endothelial cells is an incipient process in atherogenesis and leads to induction of the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Their expression can be induced by cytokines as well as other inflammatory mediators. The effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) include mediation of anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was the comparison of cerivastatin and simvastatin-mediated effects on inflammation-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). In HUVEC, TNF-alpha induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA and surface expression. Co-incubation with cerivastatin, but not simvastatin reduced TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 surface expression whereas both statins reduced VCAM-1 surface expression; all reductions in surface expression correlated with an increase in the soluble forms of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cell culture supernatants. Mevalonate and nonsteroidal isoprenoids significantly reversed protein expression and shedding. Both statins caused an aggravation of TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression which was dependent on RNA synthesis. The statin-mediated increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression correlated with the degradation of IkappaBa. Nuclear translocation of p65 was not significantly affected by statin-treatment of cytokine-treated cells. We conclude that cerivastatin and simvastatin reduce TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 surface expression via increased protein shedding mediated by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and subsequent isoprenoid depletion.     

Dihydrotestosterone promotes vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in male human endothelial cells via a nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent pathway

There exists a striking gender difference in atherosclerotic vascular disease. For decades, estrogen was considered atheroprotective; however, an alternative is that androgen exposure in early life may predispose men to earlier atherosclerosis. We recently demonstrated that the potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), enhanced the binding of monocytes to the endothelium, a key early event in atherosclerosis, via increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). We now show that DHT mediates its effects on VCAM-1 expression at the promoter level through a novel androgen receptor (AR)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to 4-400 nm DHT. DHT increased VCAM-1 mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The DHT effect could be blocked by the AR antagonist, hydroxyflutamide. DHT increased VCAM-1 promoter activity via NF-kappaB activation without affecting VCAM-1 mRNA stability. Using 5' deletion analysis, it was determined that the NF-kappaB sites within the VCAM-1 promoter region were responsible for the DHT-mediated increase in VCAM-1 expression; however, coimmunoprecipitation studies suggested there is no direct interaction between AR and NF-kappaB. Instead, DHT treatment decreased the level of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein. DHT did not affect VCAM-1 protein expression and monocyte adhesion when female endothelial cells were tested. AR expression was higher in male, relative to female, endothelial cells, associated with increased VCAM-1 levels. These findings highlight a novel AR/NF-kappaB mediated mechanism for VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion operating in male endothelial cells that may represent an important unrecognized mechanism for the male predisposition to atherosclerosis.     

胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂对高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞NF-κB、ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达的影响

目的观察胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂艾塞那肽对高糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞核因子κB(NF-κB)活性及细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)表达的影响,探讨胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂降糖外对改善糖尿病患者血管内皮损伤的作用及其可能的机制。方法体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,以不同浓度艾塞那肽和高糖共同孵育48 h,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养上清液中ICAM-1和VCAM-1浓度,应用逆转录聚合酶链反应测定NF-κB p65、ICAM-1和VCAM-1的mRNA表达。结果与正常对照组比较,高糖组NF-κB p65、ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达显著升高(P<0.01)。艾塞那肽干预后,NF-κB p65、ICAM-1及VCAM-1的表达较高糖组显著降低(P<0.01),并呈剂量依赖性。结论艾塞那肽可能通过抑制高糖环境下NF-κB活性影响其下游黏附分子ICAM-1和VCAM-1的高表达,由此稳定血管内皮环境,减轻高糖引起的内皮细胞损伤,有助于延缓糖尿病动脉粥样硬化病程。     

Reduced plaque formation induced by rosiglitazone in an STZ-diabetes mouse model of atherosclerosis is associated with downregulation of adhesion molecules

Adhesion molecules have been implicated in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, which is highly prevalent in people with diabetes. Adhesion molecules can mediate adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium. Furthermore, P-selectin expressed on platelets is able to mediate the adhesion of leukocytes to platelets. In this study, we examine the in-vivo and in-vitro effects of rosiglitazone with particular emphasis on three important adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and P-selectin). In the aorta of STZ-diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE KO) mice, rosiglitazone significantly reduced both total and arch plaque area. The mechanism for this appeared to be reduced macrophage infiltration into the atherosclerotic plaque which was also associated with reduced mRNA levels for VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and P-selectin in the aorta. In-vitro studies revealed reduced cell adhesion of monocytic cells (THP-1) to fibrinogen and endothelial cells (HUVEC) after incubation with rosiglitazone. Furthermore, the reduction in leukocyte adhesion also correlated with significant reductions in mRNA levels for VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and P-selectin indicating that reduced macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques may occur as a result of a direct effect of rosiglitazone on adhesion molecules in both monocytes and endothelial cells. Thus, we have shown that rosiglitazone appears to have direct anti-atherosclerotic effects in an animal model of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis which are at least partly due to effects on VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and P-selectin expression which leads to decreased leukocyte adhesion and macrophage infiltration.     

Effect of Tribulus Terrestris L. on Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-Selectin and Proteome Profile of Human Endothelial Cells In-Vitro

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation that interferes with blood arteries functions due to the accumulation of low density lipids and cholesterol. Objective: To investigate the effect of aqueous extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) on the proteome and expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human bone marrow endothelial cell (HBMEC) lines. Methods: Two cell lines were cultured and induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The primed cells were then treated with aqueous extract and saponin fraction of TT. The protein profile of the endothelial cells was assessed under normal and LPS-induced conditions using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 2D gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin were estimated by use of western blotting. Results: LPS-induced HUVECs and HBMECs were shown to significantly increase the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in comparison to control groups. Our findings revealed that TT extract resulted in significantly more reduced levels of proteom (80 spots) as well as all the three mentioned proteins compared with the effect of saponin fraction alone. Conclusion: TT extract and its saponin fraction exerted anti-inflammatory effects on HUVEC and HBMEC lines and reduced the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract was greater than that of saponin fraction. Therefore, TT could be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis.     

罗格列酮对内皮细胞单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和血管细胞黏附分子-1表达的影响

目的观察罗格列酮(RGZ)对高糖及C反应蛋白(CRP)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)及血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。方法体外培养HUVECs,细胞传至5代,随机分为7组,正常对照组(C组),高糖组(HG组),高糖+CRP组(HGC组),CRP组,高糖+RGZ组(HGR组),高糖+CRP+RGZ组(HGCR组),CRP+RGZ组(CRPR组)。采用RGZ 5.0μmol/L干预HUVECs24 h,RT-PCR、Western blot法分别检测干预前后MCP-1、VCAM-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果HG组、HGC组、CRP组HUVECs中MCP-1、VCAM-1的mRNA和蛋白水平较C组显著升高(P<0.01);RGZ干预后,HGR组、HGCR组、CRPR组分别较HG组、HGC组、CRP组MCP-1、VCAM-1的mRNA和蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论RGZ通过降低HUVECs中MCP-1、VCAM-1的表达,延缓糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的进程。     

蜂胶水提物预处理对血管内皮细胞的保护作用

目的观察蜂胶水提物对损伤血管内皮细胞的保护作用,探讨蜂胶抗动脉粥样硬化的作用及其机制。方法用50 μg/L TNF-α诱导体外培养脐静脉内皮细胞损伤,用50、100、200 mg/L蜂胶水提物分别干预6、12、24 h,分为对照组、模型组、蜂胶低浓度组、蜂胶中浓度组、蜂胶高浓度组、氟伐他汀钠组、联合组,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达明显升高;与模型组比较,蜂胶低浓度组、蜂胶中浓度组和蜂胶高浓度组ICAM-1和VCAM-1明显降低(P0.01)。12 h时与氟伐他汀钠组比较,联合组ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达明显降低(P0.01)。结论蜂胶水提物能降低ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达。与氟伐他汀钠联合应用,对血管内皮细胞损伤有协同保护作用。     

Lack of inhibitory effect of HDL on TNFalpha-induced adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells

Monocyte adhesion to and transmigration across the endothelium are initiating steps in atherogenesis. Cytokine-induced adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) has been reported to be inhibited by either native HDL or reconstituted discoidal HDL (rHDL). In the present study we investigated these putative anti-atherosclerotic effects of HDL and rHDL in a more physiologically relevant cell type, i.e. human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation from eleven healthy subjects or rHDL made with apoA-I and either 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PLPC), or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was incubated for 16 h with HAEC prior to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha, 100 U/ml). Expression of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured by cell ELISA and Northern blot analysis. HDL (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mgprotein/ml) failed to significantly inhibit TNFalpha-induced mRNA and protein expression of all three adhesion molecules. Furthermore, of the three rHDL preparations (16 micromol/l apoA-I) only that containing the polyunsaturated PLPC significantly reduced TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 expression (by 29.9+/-9.1%). These data contrast with previously reported results using plasma HDL and HUVEC, and show that human HDL and rHDL, except for PLPC-rHDL, are ineffective inhibitors of TNFalpha-induced adhesion molecule expression in HAEC. The ability of polyunsaturated phospholipids in HDL to affect endothelial activation remains to be further investigated.     

胰高血糖素样肽-1抗动脉粥样硬化的效果和机制研究

目的 探索胰高血糖素样肽（GLP）-1对氧化低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）损伤的作用及机制。方法 将体外培养HUVECs分为对照组（无处理）和GLP-1预处理组（分别给予0、2.5、5和10 nmol/L GLP-1预处理24 h后,再以100 μg/ml ox-LDL氧化24 h）。应用MTT法检测细胞生存率,评估GLP-1在ox-LDL诱导HUVECs损伤中的作用;应用免疫荧光技术评估GLP-1在ox-LDL诱导单核细胞对HUVECs的黏附的影响;应用ELISA法检测HUVECs在接受ox-LDL和GLP-1处理后E-选择素,细胞间黏附分子（ICAM）-1、血管细胞黏附分子（VCAM）-1的分泌,并应用RT-PCR法检测E-选择素、ICAM-1、VCAM-1基因表达。结果 MTT试验显示（2.5、5和10 μmol/L）的GLP-1均可降低ox-LDL对HUVECs的杀伤作用,保护作用与浓度呈正相关（P<0.05）;免疫荧光检测结果显示,GLP-1可以降低单核细胞对ox-LDL损伤HUVECs的黏附作用,且和浓度呈正相关（P<0.05）。GLP-1处理后的ICAM-1、VCAM-1及E-选择素的表达和分泌均有显著下降（均有P<0.05）。结论 GLP-1可能通过对抗HUVECs氧化损伤,下调ICAM-1、VCAM-1和E-选择素的表达与分泌,减少单核细胞趋化和黏附,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用。     

The antiatherogenic potential of oat phenolic compounds

Avenanthramides are phenolic antioxidants, which are present in oats. Avenanthramides A, B, and C are the major constituents of the total soluble antioxidant phenolic compounds in oats. We tested the potential antiatherogenic activity of partially purified avenanthramides from oats by examining their effects on adhesion of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) monolayers, expression of adhesion molecules, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by HAEC. The oat avenanthramides mixture was prepared and partially purified by column chromatography. This avenanthramide-enriched mixture (AEM) had no toxicity to HAEC as tested up to 40 ng/ml. The pre-incubation of HAEC with 4, 20, and 40ng/ml AEM for 24h significantly decreased adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to interleukin (IL)-1beta-stimulated HAEC in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of HAEC with AEM at 20 and 40 microg/ml, but not at 4 microg/ml, for 24h significantly suppressed IL-1beta-stimulated expressions of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. These data provide evidence for the potential anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects of antioxidant avenanthramides present in oats.     

氟伐他汀和辛伐他汀对人脐静脉内皮细胞黏附分子-1表达的影响

目的观察氟伐他汀和辛伐他汀对肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)表达的影响,以期探讨3-羟-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶抑制剂可能的非调脂抗动脉粥样硬化作用。方法体外培养HUVEC,加TNFα100U及1×10     

通心络超微粉对高脂饮食兔胸主动脉NF-κB、胞间黏附分子1及血管细胞黏附分子1表达的影响

目的探讨通心络超微粉对高脂饮食兔胸主动脉NF-κB、胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）及血管细胞黏附分子1（VCAM-1）表达的影响。方法健康雄性新西兰白兔32只,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阿托伐他汀组、通心络组四组。空白对照组,饲以普通饲料;模型组,饲以高脂饲料;阿托伐他汀组,饲以高脂饲料同时阿托伐他汀（3mg·kg^-1·d^-1）灌胃;通心络组,饲以高脂饲料同时通心络超微粉（0．31g·kg^-1·d^-1）灌胃,连续给药,于6周末免疫组织化学染色法检测主动脉壁中NF-κB核转位情况、ICAM-1及VCAM-1蛋白表达情况,RT—PCR法检测ICAM-1 mRNA及VCAM-1 mRNA表达。结果与空白对照组相比,模型组家兔主动脉壁中NF—KB核转位明显增加。ICAM-1、VCAM-1基因及蛋白表达明显增多（P〈O．01）。与模型组相比,通心络组与阿托伐他汀组家兔主动脉壁中NF-κB核转位明显减少、ICAM-1、VCAM-1基因及蛋白表达明显减少（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,通心络组显著少于阿托伐他汀组（P〈0．01）。结论通心络超微粉通过抑制NF-κB核转位进而降低ICAM-1、VCAM-1基因及蛋白表达,减轻动脉粥样硬化病理改变。