伽玛刀单靶点治疗原发性顽固性三叉神经痛：73例随访观察

目的：评价伽玛刀单一靶点治疗顽固性三叉神经痛的疗效、安全性，以期为改善三叉神经痛患者的身心健康及生活质量提供干预方向。方法：回顾性分析1995-07／2003-06本院接受伽玛刀治疗的三叉神经痛患者73例，其中男31例，女42例，年龄35～79岁，平均61岁。病程1．5～29年，平均4．5年。所有的病例均设置单一靶点治疗，靶点部位选择在三叉神经入桥脑处，中心剂量70～90Gy，准直器为4mm。结果：伽玛刀治疗后全部患者在24h出院，出院后随访时间6～68个月不等，平均随访时间36．7个月。术后18例显效(24．7％)，46例有效(63％)，9例无效(12．3％)。症状缓解时间为2周～6个月，平均为3．5个月。治疗后症状复发6例，给予二次治疗，3例症状缓解，3例症状无变化。治疗后出现头痛呕吐反应3例，全部于1周后消失；面部麻木7例，无咀嚼肌运动障碍及角膜发干或溃疡发生。结论：伽吗刀治疗三叉神经痛安全、有效，能显著的缓解患者的疼痛，提高其生活质量。     

伽玛刀单靶点治疗原发性顽固性三叉神经痛:73例随访观察

目的:评价伽玛刀单一靶点治疗顽固性三叉神经痛的疗效、安全性,以期为改善三叉神经痛患者的身心健康及生活质量提供干预方向。方法:回顾性分析1995-07/2003-06本院接受伽玛刀治疗的三叉神经痛患者73例,其中男31例,女42例,年龄35～79岁,平均61岁。病程1.5～29年,平均4.5年。所有的病例均设置单一靶点治疗,靶点部位选择在三叉神经入桥脑处,中心剂量70～90Gy,准直器为4mm。结果:伽玛刀治疗后全部患者在24h出院,出院后随访时间6～68个月不等,平均随访时间36.7个月。术后18例显效(24.7%),46例有效(63%),9例无效(12.3%)。症状缓解时间为2周～6个月,平均为3.5个月。治疗后症状复发6例,给予二次治疗,3例症状缓解,3例症状无变化。治疗后出现头痛呕吐反应3例,全部于1周后消失;面部麻木7例,无咀嚼肌运动障碍及角膜发干或溃疡发生。结论:伽吗刀治疗三叉神经痛安全、有效,能显著的缓解患者的疼痛,提高其生活质量。     

脑卒中后癫痫的危险因素长期随访

目的:长期随访脑卒中后癫痫(PSE)的发生及分析其危险因素。方法:选择缺血性脑卒中患者476例,随访4～5年后PSE发生的情况,同时筛选PSE的独立危险因素。结果:278例患者完成研究,平均随访时间48个月。其中16例(5.76%)患者确诊PSE,大部分PSE病例均出现在发病后24个月内,36个月后无新发病例。继发性全面强直阵挛发作是最常见的PSE类型;PSE组改良爱丁堡-斯堪的那维亚神经功能缺损评分量表(MESSS)评分低于非PSE组,入院时MESSS评分<30分的患者比例高于非PSE组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果表明入院时MESSS、入院时MESSS<30分是PSE的独立危险因素。结论:缺血性脑卒中患者PSE发病率较高,入院时MESSS、入院时MESSS<30分是PSE的独立危险因素。     

顽固性癫痫的外科手术治疗

对难治性癫痫病人进行合理与正规的抗癫痫治疗 ,但发作仍不能控制 ,时间长达 3年以上 ,被认为是顽固性癫痫。但目前无统一的标准 ,除发作时间、频率和严重程度之外 ,还要考虑发作对病人日常生活的影响 ,特别是发作而致意外和难堪事情的危险性。据世界卫生组织和卫生部提供的数字表明 ,目前全世界约 5 0 0 0万 ,我国约 60 0万不同年龄的癫痫患者 ,约占人口总数的 4‰～ 6‰。其中约有 30 %符合顽固性癫痫的标准 ,对此需要外科手术治疗。根据癫痫的类型和病因 ,采用不同的原理进行手术治疗。目前已公认定型的手术方式有以下几种。1　颞叶切除…     

胰腺癌伽玛刀治疗后长期生存一例

1 病例资料 男,77岁.因发热、上腹部隐痛1天入院.既往有高血压病、糖尿病等.查体:体温38.9℃,余无明显阳性体征;腹部CT检查示胰头占位性病变;查癌抗原CA125、CA19-9均＞1 000 mg/L.     

伽玛刀治疗后顽固性脑水肿相关因素分析

目的：探讨伽玛刀治疗后顽固性脑水肿影响因素。方法：以年龄,病灶部位、边缘剂量、平均直径为影响因素,分组对比顽固性脑水肿发生率。结果：年龄〉50岁组显著高于〈50岁组;脑实质或凸面组显著高于颅底病灶;边缘剂量〉16 Gy组显著高于〈16 Gy组;直径〉40 mm组显著高于〈40 mm组,三组P值均〈0.01。结论：顽固性脑水肿与年龄,病灶部位、直径、边缘剂量密切相关,值得重视。     

电话随访对神经外科癫痫病人服药依从性的影响

[目的]通过电话随访对神经外科出院癫痫病人进行指导督促,统计观察对抗癫痫药物服药依从性的影响。[方法]选择本科2014年1月—2015年12月出院时需服药控制癫痫症状的病人,对符合本研究相应纳入标准,且不符合排除标准的病人在出院1个月后进行持续1年的电话访问,评估病人在实施电话随访指导后的服药情况。[结果]共有75例病人纳入本研究,实际完成全过程的69例,剩余6例失访。69例病人出院1年后,坚持按医嘱服药的61例(88.4%),未坚持服药的8例(11.6%)。61例坚持服药病人,随访1年中有5例(8.2%)病人出现癫痫发作。[结论]电话随访指导明显提高了癫痫病人的服药依从性,对于神经外科癫痫病人出院随访期间的症状控制有着积极的作用。     

立体定向治疗顽固性癫痫27例远期疗效随访

目的：分析立体定向治疗顽固性癫痫的远期疗效。方法：对27例行立体定向脑内单靶点或多靶点毁损。结果：27例中远期随访疗效属满意7例,占26％,显著进步7例,占26％,良好6例,占22％,较差7例,占26％。结论：立体定向手术治疗疗效是令人满意的,强调术中多靶点联合和术后综合治疗。     

肱骨小头骨折治疗30例长期随访研究

我院自2001年5月至2006年5月共收治30例肱骨小头骨折，现将治疗及随访研究结果报告下：     

Section 4. Pituitary: Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenoma

For the treatment of pituitary adenomas, transsphenoidal surgery is established as a first choice of treatment. However, pituitary adenomas are often not curable with surgery alone, and further treatment including radiation therapy is required to control the disease. In this report, we review the literature of gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas and discuss the efficacy of this modern technology. Radiosurgery achieved 85–100% of growth control rates with only mild and transient neurological complications in most cases. Endocrinological normalization was obtained in more than 65% of GH producing tumors. These hormonal control rates seemed to be slightly better in GH producing tumors compared to ACTH producing tumors. To normalize the excessive GH or ACTH levels, radiosurgery for functioning adenomas requires a relatively higher dose, ideally more than 35 Gy at tumor margin. However, the adjacent optic apparatus is less tolerable for irradiation, and the tumors have to be sufficiently separated from it to prevent the radiation-induced visual deficits. Therefore, the role of surgery should not be underevaluated, and even if radiosurgery alone may be able to achieve an excellent outcome in some cases, surgical resection will remain the primary treatment for pituitary adenomas. For high-risk patients or patients with residual tumors after transsphenoidal surgery, gamma knife radiosurgery can be a first choice of treatment, achieving both growth control and hormonal remission with minimum neurological complications, which is equivalent to conventional radiation therapy but with much less risk of radiation injury to the surrounding structures.     

干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎10年随访

目的 观察干扰素a-2b治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(CHB)的长期效果及对临床预后的影响.方法 按照同一诊断标准选择慢性乙型肝炎患者97例,随机分为两组.治疗组51例,应用a-2b干扰素3～5 MIU,肌内注射,连续使用2周后,隔日1次,疗程6月;对照组46例,应用一般保肝降酶药,疗程6月.治疗结束后定期随访血生化指标、病毒学指标、影像学检查等.结果 治疗结束时和随访结束时干扰素治疗组乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)、乙型肝炎病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)转阴率分别为47.1%、52.9%和60.0%、62.0%,与对照组相比干扰素组的近期、远期疗效均明显优于对照组(P＜0.01).随访资料表明干扰素治疗组的临床预后亦明显好于对照组,病情稳定率高于对照组,肝硬化和肝癌发生率及病死率均低于对照组.结论 干扰素有确切的抗病毒作用,同时能够减少肝硬化、肝癌等并发症的发生,提高患者的生存率.     

磁源性影像结合伽玛刀治疗难治性癫痫

目的:探讨脑磁源性影像定位癫痫灶后结合伽玛刀放射治疗难治性癫痫的应用价值。方法:8例经磁源性影像定位癫痫灶后,指导伽玛刀放射治疗癫痫灶。结果:采用南京军区总医院的评估标准,随访疗效显示满意3例(37.5%),显著改善3例(37.5%),良好1例(12.5%),疗效差1例(12.5%)。无一例出现伽玛刀放射治疗术后功能障碍。结论:磁源性影像可以无创伤性精确定位癫痫灶,可以用于指导伽玛刀放射治疗癫痫灶。     

经导管灌注治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的临床和影像学随访研究

目的评价经导管灌注治疗ANFH的临床疗效。方法对182例经临床和影像学检查确诊的ANFH患者采用经导管股骨头供血动脉药物灌注治疗并比较治疗前后临床症状、髋关节功能及影像学改变。随访观察1年～6年,平均4年2个月。按Ficat分期,0期4髋;I期44髋;II期116髋;III期35髋,IV期17髋。结果经导管动脉灌注治疗后,患者疼痛、生活能力、关节活动度及行走距离较前明显改善(P<0.01);X线平片显示治疗后3个月无变化,6个月可见部分修复,1年可见明显修复,同时坏死加重亦明显,以后随时间延长病变趋于稳定;MRI随访58髋,发现32髋(55.2%)有不同程度的好转,19髋(32.8%)病变基本保持不变,7髋(12.1%)病变加重。血管造影或DSA评价191髋,77髋(40.3%)有好转表现,112髋(58.6%)未见明显血管改变,2髋加重。评价指标以血管形态学改变为主。结论经导管动脉灌注治疗ANFH对促进坏死骨吸收和新骨形成修复起到积极的作用,能终止逆转部分ANFH坏死病理进程。结果表明该方法有较好的远期疗效。     

Lyme meningitis: a one-year follow up controlled study

Thirty-six patients with Lyme meningitis diagnosed at the Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana in 1993 and 1994 were enrolled in a prospective study. All patients had lymphocytic meningitis, negative serum IgM antibody titres to tick-borne encephalitis virus and met at least one of the following four criteria: i) isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from cerebrospinal fluid (2 patients), ii) intrathecal borrelial antibody production (22 patients) iii) seroconversion to borrelial antigens (3 patients) and/or iv) erythema migrans in the period of four months prior to the onset of neurological involvement (21 patients). All patients underwent antibiotic treatment and were followed up for one year. The results of our study revealed that Lyme meningitis frequently occurs without meningeal signs and is often accompanied by additional neurological and/or other manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. During the first year after antibiotic treatment, minor and major manifestations of Lyme borreliosis persisted or occurred for the first time in several patients. They were not infrequent even at the examination performed one year after therapy.     

伽玛刀放射外科治疗垂体腺瘤的现状及展望

脑垂体腺瘤属良性肿瘤。它可分无功能性腺瘤与功能性腺瘤。它们中多数可行γ刀放射外科治疗,γ刀能精确定位导向靶点,毁损病灶,安全可靠,并发症少,被认为是有价值的治疗方法。     

The impact of migraine on epilepsy: a prospective prognosis study

The effect of migraine on the prognosis of epilepsy has not been reported. The aim of this prospective 5-10-year follow-up study was to examine some outcome measures and the cumulative probability of being seizure-free in epilepsy patients with migraine, and to compare their results with those of epilepsy patients without migraine. Fifty-nine patients (40 women; mean age 25 years) were diagnosed with both epilepsy and migraine (EM group). The control group consisted of 56 patients with epilepsy but without migraine (E group). Both groups were recruited and followed up over similar periods. We compared the outcome variables in the EM group with those in the E group. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess the seizure-free curves. The EM group had a significantly lower cumulative probability of being seizure-free over 10 years compared with the E group. The other epilepsy outcome measures at follow-up differed significantly between the groups, with the EM group having a longer duration of epilepsy, a lower early treatment response, and a higher incidence of intractable epilepsy and achieving remission with polytherapy, and more seizure control and medication problems for at least the last 2 years of follow-up. Comorbid migraine had a negative effect on the prognosis of epilepsy.     

Quality of life of stroke survivors: a 1-year follow-up study

OBJECTIVES: To examine the changes in and to identify determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during the first year after stroke. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Regional university teaching hospital in China. PARTICIPANTS: Chinese survivors of stroke (N=303). Patients who were previously physically handicapped were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Barthel Index, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the abbreviated Hong Kong Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life measure domain scores at 3, 6, and 12 months after the stroke. RESULTS: A total of 268 (88%) subjects completed the study. HRQOL data were available in 247 (82%) subjects at 3 months. Between 3 and 12 months, there was no significant change in Barthel Index and IADL scores, but there was significant increase in GDS scores. On multivariate analysis and multilevel modeling, there was a small but significant decrease in social interaction and environment HRQOL domain scores with time. GDS score was negatively associated with all 4 domains of HRQOL, whereas the Barthel Index score was associated with physical and psychological HRQOL domains only. Female sex, nursing home residence, welfare assistance, pain in affected limbs, soft diet or tube feeding, and lack of physical exercise were associated with poorer HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Environment and social interaction HRQOL may decrease after 1 year of stroke among Chinese stroke patients. Depression has a more generalized adverse effect on HRQOL than basic functional disabilities. Health care professionals should focus on treating depression; group exercises and self-help group activities may help in promoting socialization and reintegration into community life.     

CT灌注成像在星形细胞瘤术后随访检查中的价值

目的研究星形细胞瘤术后CT灌注检查的应用价值.方法星形细胞瘤部分切除术后19例,放射治疗前后常规CT及CT灌注检查;星形细胞瘤全切术后26例,CT灌注随访检查.结果残留肿瘤放疗后,低级星形细胞瘤仅PS值下降;高级星形细胞瘤的CBF、CBV和PS均下降 (P<0.05). 星形细胞瘤全切后,手术区与正常脑白质的CBF、CBV和PS差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 CT灌注成像可监控残留星形细胞瘤放疗的效果.