纤支镜灌洗液的结核分支杆菌快速培养对不典型肺结核的诊断价值

目的：评价纤维支气管镜(以下简称纤支镜)支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)的结核分支杆菌快速培养对不典型肺结核的诊断价值。方法：选无痰或痰菌阴性的不典型肺结核患者49例行纤支镜检查，进行活检、刷检、BALF经BBL MGIT分支杆菌快速培养查结核杆菌。结果：49例经纤支镜刷检、BALF快速培养结核分支杆菌检出率分别是67．4％、83．7％，其中15例经纤支镜肺活检，10例病理证实为结核肉芽肿，检出率为66．7％。结论：纤支镜对无痰或痰菌阴性下BALF行结核分支杆菌快培对不典型肺结核具有较高的诊断价值，快速，阳性率较高。根据镜下所见采用不同的取材方法可望提高诊断率。     

纤维支气管镜检查对无痰或痰菌阴性不典型肺结核的诊断价值

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜（简称“纤支镜”）检查对无痰或痰菌阴性不典型肺结核的诊断价值。 方法 选无痰或痰菌阴性的不典型肺结核患者201例,用纤支镜在病变部位进行活检、刷检、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）进行BBLMGIT(Mycobacteria Growth Indicate Tube)分枝杆菌快速培养查结核杆菌。术后进行痰涂片查抗酸杆菌、痰结核分枝杆菌快速培养。 结果201例刷检、BALF快速培养结核分枝杆菌阳性率分别是67.2%、83.6%,61例活检阳性率63.9%,201例术后痰涂片、术后痰快速培养结核分枝杆菌阳性率分别是28.9%、57.2%。 结论 纤支镜检查是确诊无痰或痰菌阴性不典型肺结核的有效方法 ,其中BALF行结核分枝杆菌快速培养具有较高的诊断价值、快速、阳性率较高。根据镜下所见采用不同的取材方法 可望提高诊断率。     

经纤支镜诊断菌阴肺下野结核60例及其误诊分析

目的　探讨纤维支气管镜检查在菌阴肺下野结核中的诊断价值及其误诊中的临床意义。方法 对 60例曾经被误诊,后经纤支镜检查确诊的肺下野结核的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 60例患者纤支镜下表现:中、下叶支气管粘膜慢性炎症最多见,分别为 25例 (41.7%)和 20例(33.3%),其次为管口狭窄 7例 (11.7%)。四种方法联合检出的 60例肺结核中,单纯刷检抗酸杆菌阳性 37例 (61.7%)；刷检+支气管肺泡灌洗 (BAL)阳性 46例 (76.7%)；BAL+镜检后痰检 +组织活检诊断肺结核 52例 (86.7%)。结论 纤支镜检查能提高菌阴肺下野结核的诊断率,刷检、灌洗、组织活检及镜查后痰检可互相补充以提高诊断的阳性率,避免误诊。     

结核病

纤维支气管镜检查对不典型肺结核的诊断价值——彭勋等(河北秦皇岛市第三人民医院066000)；《河北医药》，2004，26(11)：870-87l[目的：探讨纤维支气管镜(简称纤支镜)检查对不典型肺结核的诊断价值。方法：选无痰或痰菌阴性的不典型肺结核患98例，用纤支镜在病变部位进行活检、刷检、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行BBL，MGIT(mycobacteria growth in dicate tube)分支杆菌快速培养杏结核杆菌。     

纤支镜灌洗液经变色液体培养基快速培养结核分枝杆菌对涂阴肺结核诊断价值的研究

目的评价纤维支气管镜小量肺泡灌洗液经变色液体培养基快速培养结核分枝杆菌对涂阴肺结核的诊断价值。方法对40例涂阴肺结核患者分别行纤支镜小量肺泡灌洗、刷检或活检,将灌洗液经变色液体培养基快速培养结核分枝杆菌。结果纤支镜肺泡灌洗40例,灌洗液培养出结核分枝杆菌17例,阳性率42．5％,刷检32例,阳性5例,活检8例,阳性3例,刷检＋活检阳性率20％,P〈0．05有统计学意义。快速培养检出时间平均13．5天。结论纤支镜灌洗液经变色液体培养基快速培养结核支杆菌,可提高涂阴肺结核中结核分枝杆菌的检出率,缩短了细菌培养检出时间,值得应用     

69例支气管结核临床分析

目的　探索支气管结核早期确诊手段及临床特征。方法 分析69例经纤维支气管镜 (纤支镜 )确诊的支气管结核患者临床表现、胸部X线、CT及纤支镜结果。结果 69例主要症状包括:咳嗽68例,咳痰44例,午后低热50例,盗汗49例,乏力48例,喘息18例,痰中带血13例。胸片及CT示:气管开口凹凸不平、不规则狭窄42例,有阻塞性肺炎26例,肺不张25例,肺内空洞14例,肺门淋巴结肿大11例。痰涂片结核菌阳性率为43.5%,痰结核菌培养阳性率36.2%。纤支镜示:刷检结核菌阳性率为55.1%,组织活检中56.7%证实为结核,其中40.6%为炎症浸润型,13.0%为增殖型,29.0%为溃疡型,26.1%为狭窄闭塞型。上述四种类型发现结核菌的阳性率分别为71.4%,77.8%,100%和55.6%。结论 当有支气管结核临床表现时,应行胸部X线、CT检查,对可疑病人作纤支镜。当病理、细菌学均不能明确诊断,应重复活检、刷检和试验性抗结核治疗,追踪观察以确诊。     

菌阴肺下野结核纤支镜诊断及其误诊分析

目的研究菌阴肺下野结核的纤支镜镜检的诊断价值。方法分析49例误诊的患者行纤支镜而确诊的肺下野结核。结果49例纤支镜镜检下表现中下支气管慢性炎症最多见,占40例(81.67%),其次为管口狭窄5例(10.2%),刷检抗酸杆菌阳性31例(63.24%),镜检后痰检抗酸杆菌阳性24例(48.97%)。活检5例(10.2%)。结论纤支镜检查能提高菌阴肺下野结核的诊断率,刷检、活检及镜后痰检可互补,更能提高诊断的阳性率,避免误诊误治。     

纤维支气管镜对早期诊断菌阴肺结核合并肺癌的临床意义

目的探讨通过纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)检查提高对菌阴肺结核合并肺癌的早期诊断率。方法40例临床诊断为菌阴肺结核的患者均接受诊断性抗结核治疗1月后,临床症状部分好转,仍不能排除肺部肿瘤的患者,同时进行纤支镜检查行病理活检、刷检、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)找癌细胞、BALF涂片、BALF结核菌培养、BALF的TB-DNA。结果 40例患者中肺癌与菌阴肺结核共存25例(62.5%),肺癌4例(10%),菌阴肺结核11例(27.5%),40例患者进行BALF检查,其中36例患者的BALF的TB-DNA≥1.14×103,13例BALF结核菌培养阳性,2例发现癌细胞;40例患者中的16例纤支镜下有异常改变者,进行病理活检和刷检,其中13例患者病理为典型结核和肺癌并存,3例为典型结核结节;24例在病变部位行刷检,其中10例病理证实肺癌。结论纤维支气管镜检查操作简单,镜下多种联合检测可提高菌阴肺结核合并肺癌的早期诊断率,避免漏诊及误诊。     

支气管结核246例诊断和介入治疗效果分析

目的　探讨支气管结核早期确诊手段、临床特征及介入治疗。方法 分析246例经支气管镜(纤支镜)确诊的支气管结核患者临床表现、胸部X线、CT、纤支镜结果 及介入治疗效果。结果 246例主要症状包括:咳嗽183例,咳痰92例。午后低热59例,盗汗78例,乏力84例,喘息67例,痰中带血23例。X线胸片及CT示:气管、支气管狭窄96例。有阻塞性肺炎31例,肺不张55例,肺内有空洞38例,痰涂片结核菌阳性率为43.5%,痰结核菌培养阳性率为35.3%。纤支镜示:刷检结核菌阳性率为56.5%,组织活检中58.4%证实为结核,其中42.2%为炎症侵润型、10.2%为增殖型、18.7%为溃疡型、17.1%为狭窄闭塞型。治疗效果:痰菌阴转2个月90.6%,6个月100%。结论 当有支气管结核临床表现时,应行胸部X线、CT检查、对可疑病人做纤支镜检查。当病理、细菌学均不能明确诊断,应试验性抗结核治疗,追踪观察以确诊。介入治疗支气管结核疗效可靠,安全性好。     

纤维支气管镜检查对痰菌阴性下肺野结核的诊断评价(附26例报告)

目的评价纤维支气管镜(以下简称纤支镜)对痰菌阴性下肺野结核的诊断价值?方法选痰菌阴性下肺野阴影26例,经纤支镜检查,进行肺活检?刷片或灌洗液查结核菌?结果26例纤支镜镜下主要所见为结核肉芽新生物?粘膜充血水肿?开口狭窄等表现?其中12例经纤支镜肺活检,8例病理证实为结核肉芽肿,阳性率为66.7%;5例纤支镜刷片或灌洗液查出结核菌,占19.2%(5/26)?确诊率为84.6%?结论纤支镜检查对痰菌阴性下肺野结核的诊断具有一定的临床价值?     

Value of smear and PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis.

At present, further investigations are needed in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and either negative sputum smear or without sputum. The aim of the present study was to analyse the yield of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) smear and PCR in patients with confirmed pulmonary TB. Patients with a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in sputum or BALF were analysed over 5 yrs. In total, 90 out of 230 (39%) patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB had a positive sputum smear, and 120 patients underwent bronchoscopy. BALF smear was positive in 56 (47%), BALF PCR in 93 (78%) patients, and BALF smear and/or PCR was positive in 83%. In total, 71 patients who underwent bronchoscopy and had complete clinical records were further analysed. BALF (smear or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-PCR) allowed a rapid diagnosis in 10 (59%) out of 17 patients who had a negative sputum smear, and 49 (91%) out of 54 patients without sputum production. Of these 71 patients, 12 (17%) were only culture positive. Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary TB by smear and/or PCR was made in 190 out of 210 patients (90%) in sputum or BALF. In conclusion, combined use of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid smear and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-PCR has a good diagnostic yield in patients with sputum smear-negative tuberculosis or without sputum production.     

Diagnostic value of bronchoscopy in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy

The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is confirmed by the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. Bronchoscopy has been used for diagnosis of various pulmonary diseases. The value of bronchoscopy such as bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and transbronchial lung biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was evaluated, and the results were as follows: 1) One hundred ninety cases were investigated bronchoscopically due to suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis with sputum negative smear and 92 cases were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis. 2) Out of 91 cases examined by bronchial aspirate and 46 cases by bronchial washing, smear positivity was 20.9% and 23.9% and culture positivity was 58.2% and 84.8%, respectively. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed positive findings of tuberculosis in 75.8% out of 33 specimens. 3) Out of 88 sputa taken before bronchoscopy and 50 sputa after bronchoscopy, smear positivity was 0% and 12%, and culture positivity was 54.5% and 40% respectively. Gastric lavage culture positivity was 29.4% in 17 cases examined. 4) Diagnosis of tuberculosis was made rapidly in 28 cases (30.4%) by smear positive results of bronchial aspirate, bronchial washing and sputa after bronchoscopy, and relatively rapidly in 20 cases (21.7%) by transbronchial lung biopsy.     

Diagnostic usefulness of transbronchial aspiration and bronchial lavage for pulmonary tuberculosis

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a well established methods as a useful tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with smear negative cases. In order to get the early and definite diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, we performed transbronchial aspiration and bronchial lavage by a fiberoptic bronchoscope in 97 patients. All patients (1) were clinically suspected of having active tuberculosis; (2) showed abnormal chest roentgenogram suggesting tuberculosis; (3) showed negative sputum smears of acid-fast bacilli, or had no sputum. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1) Final diagnosis of study subjects were 90 patients of active pulmonary tuberculosis, and 7 patients of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis. 2) Sputum culture of acid-fast bacilli was positive in 22 out of 90 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. 3) Smear and culture examination of acid-fast bacilli of transbronchial aspirates were positive in 9 and 28, respectively out of 90 patients. 4) Smear and culture examination of acid-fast bacilli of bronchial lavage were positive in 12 and 39, respectively out of 90 patients. 5) A rapid and definite diagnosis was made in 16 out of 90 patients by transbronchial aspirates or bronchial lavage. 6) Atypical mycobacteria were detected in 7 out of 97 patients by transbronchial aspirates or bronchial lavage. 7) There were no serious complications such as pneumonia and exacerbation of pulmonary tuberculosis. These results suggested that transbronchial aspiration and bronchial lavage were useful procedures for rapid and definite diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.     

Yield of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The efficacy of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been systematically evaluated. We therefore compared the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in 67 HIV-infected and 45 non-HIV-infected patients with culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis. In all cases, acid-fast smears of sputum were negative or not obtained prior to bronchoscopy. Prebronchoscopic sputum culture yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 34 (89 percent) of 38 HIV-infected patients and 26 (93 percent) of 28 non-HIV-infected patients from whom specimens were obtained. Bronchoscopy provided an early diagnosis of tuberculosis (positive acid-fast smear or granulomata on biopsy) in 23 (34 percent) of the HIV-infected patients and 20 (44 percent) of the patients without HIV infection. The sensitivities of the acid-fast smear and of mycobacterial culture of bronchoscopic specimens and postbronchoscopic sputum were similar in patients with or without HIV infection. In HIV-infected patients, granulomatous inflammation was noted on transbronchial biopsy in 11 (19 percent) of 59 patients with HIV infection, compared to 16 (43 percent) of 37 patients without HIV infection (p = 0.01). Nevertheless, transbronchial biopsy provided the exclusive means for an early diagnosis of tuberculosis in six (10 percent) of 59 HIV-infected patients. We conclude that the yield of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients is similar to that in patients without HIV infection, and that transbronchial biopsy provides incremental diagnostic information not available from evaluation of sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.     

The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients at risk for HIV infection.

The present study was undertaken to clarify the role of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We retrospectively identified 31 patients at risk for HIV who proved to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis on culture of at least one pulmonary specimen. All had pulmonary symptoms but initial sputum smears negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). All underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), including BAL and TBB; postbronchoscopy sputum was also collected in 19 patients. A specimen was considered to yield an immediate diagnosis when positive for AFB either on smear or histologic study; granulomas alone were considered positive when no other causes were identified. Overall, an immediate diagnosis was made by bronchoscopic specimens in 15 (48 percent) of 31 cases. TBB was the sole positive specimen in seven patients (23 percent). For comparison, similar specimens from 40 patients in whom M avium complex (MAC) grew on culture were also evaluated. An immediate identification of AFB was made in only four patients (10 percent). We conclude that the finding of AFB on staining of any pulmonary specimen is highly suggestive of tuberculosis, rather than MAC, and warrants institution of antituberculosis therapy. Of all bronchoscopic specimens, TBB provides the highest yield for an immediate diagnosis of tuberculosis.     

The value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis

Although mycobacterial culture positivity is the gold standard for the diagnosis, the initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTbc) is the detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in respiratory specimens as recommended by the World Health Organization. But the physicians have to make a decision for the patients whose sputum smears are negative or who can not produce sputum. Waiting for culture results with radiological follow up or empirical antituberculous therapy are the standard options. In our study we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients, suspected to have tuberculosis, whose sputum smears were negative or who could not produce sputum. Fifty six patients who suspected to have PTbc with sputum smear negative were enrolled in the study (fiberoptic bronchoscopy and selective bronchial washings were done to all patients. Bronchial washings were obtained from the affected parts). Mucosal biopsies were done in patients in where endobronchial abnormalities were noted. Transbronchial biopsies were done in selected patients from the radiological localizations. Ziehl-Nielsen staining and culture in L?wenstein-Jensen medium were the microbiological studies. Typical granulomas were expected to detect on histopathologic examination. Bronchoscopic lavage smears were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 13 (23%) patients. Twenty eight (50%) patients had positive culture. Histopathological results confirmed tuberculosis in eight of 20 patients who had undergone mucosal biopsies, four of seven of transbronchial biopsies, two of three of needle aspiration biopsies. By bronchoscopic procedures early diagnosis was performed in 27 (48.21%) patients. We concluded that fiberoptic bronchoscopy has an important role in the diagnosis of patients suspected to have tuberculosis, whose sputum smears were negative or who could not produce sputum. It is useful and necessary in selected cases.     

荧光定量PCR测定支气管肺泡灌洗液中TbDNA诊断肺结核的临床价值

目的探讨纤支镜肺泡灌洗液中结核分枝杆菌DNA在肺结核诊断中的价值。方法对187例初治肺结核患者及41例肺炎患者分别应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)技术检测结核分枝杆菌DNA、肺泡灌洗液结核菌培养、纤维支气管镜刷片抗酸染色。结果肺结核患者肺泡灌洗液结核分枝杆菌DNA阳性率为:78.6%、肺泡灌洗液结核菌培养阳性率为28.8%、刷片抗酸染色阳性率为21.9%。肺炎患者肺泡灌洗液结核分枝杆菌DNA、肺泡灌洗液结核菌培养、刷片抗酸染色均阴性。结论荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测肺泡灌洗液结核分枝杆菌DNA,特异性高,用于肺结核诊断可提高肺结核诊断的敏感性和准确性,明显优于纤维支气管镜刷片抗酸染色,亦较肺泡灌洗液结核菌培养诊断灵敏、快速,可作为肺结核诊断较可靠指标。     

二代测序技术检测临床痰标本中结核分枝杆菌的初步评价CSCD

目的:评价二代测序(NGS)技术对临床痰标本中结核分枝杆菌的检测效能。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,选取北京市疾病预防控制中心(北京结核病控制研究与防治所)2021年8—10月接诊的49例疑似肺结核患者痰标本,同时进行抗酸杆菌涂片镜检(简称“涂片”)、分枝杆菌培养(包含罗氏培养和MGIT 960液体培养;简称“培养”)、GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“Xpert”)和NGS技术检测结核分枝杆菌,比较4种方法检测不同分类患者阳性率差异,并以最终临床诊断为参照标准,评价4种检测方法的检测效能。结果:49例疑似肺结核患者中,最终肺结核诊断者40例(包括病原学确诊患者25例、病原学阴性临床诊断患者15例),非肺结核患者9例(包括肺炎6例,非结核分枝杆菌感染、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和哮喘各1例)。NGS技术检测49例疑似肺结核患者的阳性率[69.4%(34/49)]明显高于涂片[44.9%(22/49)]、培养[51.0%(25/49)]和Xpert[49.0%(24/49)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.614、17.018、20.753,P值均=0.000);检测病原学阴性肺结核患者的阳性检出率为46.7%(7/15)。以临床诊断结果为参照标准,涂片、培养、Xpert、NGS技术对49例疑似患者痰标本的检测敏感度分别为55.0%(22/40)、60.0%(24/40)、60.0%(24/40)、80.0%(32/40),特异度分别为9/9、8/9、9/9、7/9,一致率分别为63.3%(31/49)、65.3%(32/49)、67.3%(33/49)、79.6%(39/49),Kappa值分别为0.310、0.297、0.355、0.459。结论:以临床诊断为参考标准,NGS技术检测的敏感度最高,与临床诊断的一致性也最高,能够快速、高效检测痰标本中的结核分枝杆菌,可早期辅助诊断疑似肺结核患者。