白内障超声乳化两种透明角膜切口比较

目的:比较白内障超声乳化大小两种透明角膜切口术后视力及散光度数的差异。方法:选择老年性白内障160例160眼分别行白内障超声乳化5.5mm透明角膜切口(A组)与3.2mm透明角膜切口(B组)植入术后1wk;1,3,6mo进行视力及散光度数比较。结果:术后1wk裸眼视力A组明显低于B组,术后1,3,6mo裸眼视力A组与B组比较无明显差异;术后1wk;1mo角膜散光度数比较A组明显高于B组,术后3,6mo角膜散光度数A组与B组比较无明显差异。结论:基层医院面向经济欠发达的农村地区开展5.5mm透明角膜切口硬质人工晶状体植入术是行之有效的。     

两种不同切口白内障超声乳化术对角膜散光的影响

目的:比较透明角膜切口及巩膜隧道切口白内障超声乳化术对患者角膜散光的影响。方法:单纯白内障患者88例122眼,按切开入路不同随机分为两组:透明角膜组(A组)40例60眼;巩膜隧道组(B组)48例62眼。观察术前、术后1d;1wk;1mo时平均角膜散光度、手术源性散光(surgically induced astigmatism,SIA)、裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力的情况,并进行统计学分析。结果:术后1d;1wk;1mo,两组平均角膜散光度的比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1d;1wk,SIA值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后1mo,两组SIA值的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1d;1wk,裸眼视力≥0.5及最佳矫正视力≥0.8比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后1mo,两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:巩膜隧道切口白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶体植入术对角膜散光改变较小,根据角膜地形图指导个性化切口位置,对自身角膜散光的处理更有优势。     

透明角膜切口超声乳化折叠人工晶状体术后角膜散光的临床观察

目的:探讨透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术后角膜散光的变化情况。方法:收集年龄相关性白内障患者58例79眼,全部实施透明角膜小切口超声乳化吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术。观察术前,术后3d;1wk;1mo视力及角膜散光情况。结果:术后1mo视力提高明显且趋于稳定。平均角膜散光度,术后1mo较1wk明显减少,二者比较差异有显著性。结论:3.2mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术,术后角膜散光小,视力恢复快,稳定时间短,是理想的白内障手术切口方法。     

巩膜切口深度对白内障术后散光的影响

目的 ：观察巩膜切口深度对硬性人工晶状体在白内障超声乳化术后散光的影响。

方法：依据术前角膜地形图测角膜散光度数46例46眼,均行巩膜缘后3mm水平切口,术后visante oct分两组：A组切口深度为1/2巩膜深度(23眼); B组切口深度为1/3巩膜深度(23眼); 分别于术后1wk; 1,3mo观察两组角膜散光情况,并进行统计分析。

结果：A,B组术后裸眼视力均有明显改善,同时根据角膜地形图的检测结果,术后散光1,3mo与术后1wk相比,角膜散光度数有所回退,A组具有统计学差异。

结论：1/2巩膜切口对硬性人工晶状体在白内障超声乳化术后散光影响较小。     

角膜切口对白内障手术后散光的影响

目的:观察沿角膜散光陡峭轴方向做透明角膜切口行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后散光和视力的变化。方法:根据IOL-Master检测结果选择角膜最大屈光力轴行3.0mm透明角膜切口做白内障超声乳化术42眼作为观察组(A组),常规颞上(右眼)、鼻上(左眼)3.0mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化术68眼作为对照组(B组)。检测术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo角膜散光和视力变化。结果:A组术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo视力分别为0.2±0.24,0.73±0.37,0.78±0.38,0.94±0.36,0.76±0.13;B组为0.17±0.2,0.82±0.3,0.84±0.2,0.77±0.26,0.8±0.36;差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组术前、术后1d;1wk;1,3mo角膜散光度分别为1.01±0.10D,1.33±0.13D,1.15±0.14D,0.90±0.13D,0.89±0.12D;B组为0.95±0.13D,1.25±0.15D,1.07±0.13D,0.87±0.12D,0.82±0.11D。术后1d;1wk;1mo与术前相比散光度均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后3mo散光度与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后3mo裸眼视力≥0.8者分别为21眼(50%)和32眼(47%),两者相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:沿陡轴透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术有助于患者视力提高及减少术后角膜散光。     

不同手术切口对超声乳化白内障术后角膜散光的影响

目的:研究两种不同的超声乳化手术切口对年龄相关性白内障术后患者角膜散光的影响。方法:将2011-08/12期间行超声乳化吸除术的白内障患者随机分为2组,上方巩膜缘11∶00~12∶00处手术切口组（A组）30例32眼;颞侧（9∶00或3∶00）3.2mm宽的透明角膜切口组（B组）32例35眼;利用角膜曲率仪测量白内障术前、术后不同时间的角膜屈光状态,比较A组与B组不同的超声乳化手术切口对术后角膜散光的影响,分别比较两组术前,术后1wk;1,3mo的角膜散光改变,所有实验数据以平均值±标准差表示,统计分析采用t检验,以P＜0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果:两组术前、术后1wk的角膜曲率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,术后1,3mo的差异经统计分析P＜0.05,A组的手术源性散光大于B组。结论:选择颞侧透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化术,手术用时短,手术并发症少,术后对角膜散光影响小。不同手术切口的白内障超声乳化对角膜内皮细胞的影响无显著差异。     

角膜地形图引导下不同手术切口对超声乳化术后角膜表面形态和泪膜的影响

目的：分析在角膜地形图引导下不同角膜切口对白内障超声乳化术后角膜表面形态和泪膜的影响。

方法：回顾性研究。选取2019-06/2020-12在我院行白内障超声乳化术患者56例60眼为研究对象,分为透明角膜切口组和角巩膜缘切口组,对存在角膜散光的患者,做与散光同轴向切口。比较术前及术后1wk,1、3mo最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、OSDI问卷、泪膜破裂时间(TBUT)、角膜表面规则指数(SRI)、角膜表面非对称指数(SAI)和角膜表面散光值(CYL)。

结果：两组术后BCVA较术前均提高(P<0.01); 术后1wk,3mo两组患者OSDI评分较术前有差异(P<0.01); 术后1mo两组TBUT较术前均有不同程度缩短(P<0.05); 两组术后SAI和SRI均呈现不同程度上升,术后1wk,1mo角巩膜缘切口组SAI值明显低于透明角膜切口组(P<0.05); 术后1wk两组CYL增长较术前均显著(P<0.05),随着时间的推移逐渐下降,术后3mo时透明角膜切口组较术前仍有所增高。

结论：角巩膜缘切口对术后角膜表面形态及泪膜的影响更小,能有效降低患者术后眼部不适症状。     

两种切口超声乳化白内障术后的角膜地形图分析

目的研究两种切口白内障超声乳化术后的角膜地形图的变化特点及手术性散光的差异。方法分别行5.5 mm(A组)和3.5 mm(B组)的巩膜隧道切口白内障超声乳化术28只眼和22只眼,术前、术后用角膜地形图仪进行角膜形态的分析。结果术后1周B组裸眼视力高于A组,两组裸眼视力分布情况比较,差异有显著意义(X~2=4.37,P<0.05);两组术后1个月和3个月裸眼视力分布比较,差异无显著意义(X~2=2.18,0.15,P>0.05)。术后3个月A组圆形6只眼(21.43%),蝴蝶结形20只眼(71.43%),不规则形2只眼(7.14%);B组圆形8只眼(36.36%),蝴蝶结形14只眼(63.64%),纵向10只眼。两组患者术后1周的角膜散光较术前有显著差异,B组术后1个月无显著差异,A组术后3个月无显著差异。术后1周A组的SRI明显高于B组,SAI则无显著差异。两组术后1周SRI、SAI均高于术前,至术后3个月则与术前无显著差异。结论3.5 mm反眉状巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除术术眼早期的视力和角膜地形图明显优于5.5 mm切口手术术眼,提示3.5mm切口手术具有术后视力恢复快且稳定的优点。     

不同切口位置白内障超声乳化吸出术后角膜散光变化的分析

目的:比较不同位置的透明角膜切口对白内障超声乳化吸出术后角膜散光及视力的影响。方法:将白内障患者44例(64眼)分成两组,A组患者采用上方10∶00～11∶00方位透明角膜切口,B组根据角膜最大屈光度子午线轴向方位透明角膜切口,所有患者均行白内障超声乳化吸出术联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术,分别于术后1wk;1,3mo随访患者,检查裸眼视力及行角膜地形图检查。结果:B组患者术后1wk;1,3mo视力好于A组。B组患者术后角膜散光度及术源性散光度在术后1wk;1,3mo时均小于A组。结论:根据角膜最大屈光度子午线轴向方位做透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化吸出术,术后对角膜散光影响小,并可在一定程度上矫正术前已存在的角膜散光,能够使患者在术后更快、更好地恢复视力。     

不同切口同轴白内障超声乳化术的疗效比较

目的：比较2.2mm微小切口与3.0mm切口同轴白内障超声乳化术的手术效果。

方法：选择2012-01/2013-06在我院接受白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者90例90眼,随机分为两组：2.2mm切口组45例45眼,3.0mm切口组45例45眼,分别行2.2mm或3.0mm透明角膜隧道切口同轴白内障超声乳化术。术后1d; 1wk; 1,3mo随访,观察视力、角膜内皮细胞计数、中央角膜厚度、手术源性散光。

结果：术后1d,2.2mm切口组视力明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后1wk; 1,3mo,两组比较无统计差异。两组角膜内皮细胞计数、中央角膜厚度在术后1d; 1wk; 1,3mo均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组手术源性散光在术后1d; 1wk; 1,3mo均有统计学差异(P<0.05),2.2mm切口组手术源性散光明显减小。

结论：2.2mm微小切口同轴白内障超声乳化术术后早期提高视力更明显,能明显减少手术源性散光,安全性更高。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.