高原地区武警执勤官兵自测健康状况分析与评估

目的 了解高原地区武警执勤部队官兵的健康状况.方法 选定475名来自平原地带（海拔高度约50 rn）,驻扎在海拔3600 ～ 4200 m高原地区6个月的武警某部官兵,采用自测健康评定量表SF-36,了解官兵的生理健康、社会健康及精神健康状况;与423名从该地区撤同至相同平原后6个月的武警官兵健康状况比较.结果 不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同级别高原地区执勤官兵自测健康情况存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）.其中,18岁以上组、高中及高中以上组的总体健康、生理健康、社会健康、精神健康评分明显高于18岁以下组和初中及初中以下组;干部组（95.58 ±7.30）和士官组（89.86±12.91）均明显高于义务兵组（86.27±13.68）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.平原地区部队官兵以上指标评分明显高于高原地区（P＜0.05）.结论 高原地区武警执勤官兵的总体健康良好,但不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同级别的官兵健康状况不同.当脱离该环境后,其健康水平可逐渐改善.     

高海拔地区高原习服后缺氧性右心重构情况评价

目的综合评价高海拔地区高原习服后的缺氧性右心重构情况。方法随机选择从内地低海拔地区空运进藏的100名志愿者列为对照组,从低海拔地区移居海拔3000m以上且对高原完全习服的100名驻藏部队官兵列为高原组。后者根据移居高原的海拔高度再分为移居高度Ⅰ组(海拔高度3000~4000m,n=67)和移居高度Ⅱ组(海拔高度4000~5500m,n=33);根据受试者移居高原时间的不同又分为移居时间Ⅰ组(进藏1~2年,n=72)和移居时间Ⅱ组(进藏2年以上,n=28)。应用便携式多功能复合超声心动图技术测量静息状态下的右心结构与功能,综合分析与评价高海拔地区高原习服后的缺氧性右心重构情况。结果与对照组比较,移居高海拔地区后右心重构主要表现为右室、右房增大,右室壁增厚,三尖瓣反流程度增加,肺动脉主干及分支增宽(P<0.01)等。随着海拔高度增加,右心重构更加明显,移居海拔4000m以上受试者的右心重构程度明显高于4000m以下者(P<0.01),4500m以上者尤甚。随着移居时间延长,右心重构亦更加明显,移居时间2年以上的受试者右心重构程度明显高于2年以下者(P<0.01),5年以上者尤甚。结论海拔高度和时间是影响缺氧性右心重构的主要因素,高原习服仅仅是机体对高原低氧环境的一种调节性适应。应用便携式多功能超声技术能早期、及时地评价缺氧性右心重构情况,对保障移居高原部队官兵的身体健康具有重要意义。     

海拔高度对官兵军事作业能力的影响

 目的 探讨海拔高度对官兵军事作业能力的影响。方法 选取平原驻地海拔高度约50 m,高原驻地海拔高度3100、3650、4050 m武警某部官兵,依据GJB1337《士兵体能的测量和评价》,进行踏速为22.5 次/min和30 次/min的踏阶运动,采用Polar V800心率表测量静息心率和踏阶运动心率,测定官兵的体力劳动能力(physical work capacity,PWC170)、最大摄氧量、台阶指数。结果 随着海拔的升高,官兵有氧能力逐步下降,平原驻地官兵PWC170[(1276.9±229.6) kg·m/min]显著高于海拔3100 m[(994.0±230.1) kg·m/min]、3650 m[(962.4±226.7) kg·m/min]和4050 m[(759.2±154.1) kg·m/min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中高海拔驻地官兵中海拔4050 m PWC170 显著低于海拔3100 m和3650 m(P<0.05),而海拔3100 m和3650 m军人PWC170无统计学差异;平原驻地官兵静息心率低于高海拔地区军人(P<0.05),高原3个海拔的静息心率间无统计学差异;踏阶运动试验中平原官兵的运动心率显著低于高海拔地区运动心率(P<0.05),海拔4050 m官兵运动心率明显高于3100 m和3650 m;最大摄氧量、台阶指数结果显示,海拔越高,结果越低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 随着海拔的升高,官兵体力劳动能力逐步下降,应采取有针对性的训练指导。     

野战增压帐篷对高原缺氧的防治作用

 目的 观察高原野战增压帐篷对健康武警官兵急进性高原缺氧的防治作用.方法 选择低海拔地区急进高原的武警官兵12名,采用自身对照方法,在海拔3700 m,4200 m,5200 m高度,分别监测增压组与未增压组23:00时至次日6:00共7 h的睡眠状况和脉搏氧饱和度,并应用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)进行测评.结果 在3个海拔高度,增压组与未增压组睡眠的平均脉搏氧饱和度、最低脉搏氧饱和度、呼吸性事件总指数、自发微觉醒总指数及PSQI总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高原野战增压帐篷能有效纠正高原低压性缺氧,提高血氧浓度,改善睡眠质量,具有防治急进性高原缺氧作用.     

不同海拔高度及任务对官兵心理健康状况的调查

目的：探讨不同海拔高度对驻守官兵的心理健康状况的影响以及担负不同任务的高原官兵心理健康状况的差异。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对不同海拔高度且担负不同任务的336名高原官兵进行心理测量。结果海拔越高,高原官兵的SCL-90得分越高;高原驻守部队官兵SCL-90得分高于高原后勤勤务保障部队官兵。结论高海拔地区官兵的心理健康状况比低海拔地区官兵心理健康状况低,高原驻守官兵的心理健康状况比高原后勤保障官兵心理健康状况低;加强高海拔驻守官兵的心理保健,定期开展健康教育、心理疏导,对提高部队的战斗力具有重要意义。     

不同海拔高度高原驻训官兵肾脏健康状况分析

 目的 分析不同海拔高度高原驻训官兵肾脏健康状况。方法 随机抽取2021-07至2021-10四川阿坝地区驻训部队575名军人的体检报告进行研究,根据驻训海拔高度分为≤2600 m组(255例)和＞2600 m组(320例)。血清尿素、肌酐、尿酸任何一项指标超出参考值范围即判断为肾功能异常。根据肾脏彩超检查结果,包括肾尿盐结晶、肾结石、肾囊肿、肾钙化灶等记录肾脏病变情况,出现任何一种阳性结果即判断为肾脏彩超异常。结果 575例中,肾功能三项异常者198例(34.43%),尿酸升高176例(30.61%),肌酐升高39例(6.78%),尿素升高7例(1.22%);肾脏彩超检查异常者88例(15.30%),肾尿盐结晶56例(9.74%),肾结石27例(4.70%),肾囊肿12例(2.09%),肾钙化灶1例(0.17%),肾错构瘤1例(0.17%)。＞2600 m组肾功能三项异常、尿酸升高、肾脏彩超异常、肾尿盐结晶和肾囊肿的发生率显著高于≤2600 m组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。结论 高原驻训官兵肾脏检查结果异常多为血清尿酸升高和肾尿盐结晶,且多发生于海拔2600 m以上区域,应重点防治。     

进驻不同海拔高原健康男青年肾功能的变化

目的探讨移居不同海拔高度高原健康男青年肾功能的变化。方法对从平原进驻海拔3700 m和5380 m3个月的某部各10名官兵进行血尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（SCr）、尿酸（UA）及胱抑素C（Cys C）检测,并与20名平原（海拔1400 m）健康男青年作对照。结果进驻高原3个月后,高原组的BUN、SCr、UA、Cys C均明显高于平原组（P〈0.01）,且随海拔高度的升高而增高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论高原低氧环境导致肾小球滤过、肾小管重吸收和分泌功能都产生相应的损害,且这种损害随着海拔高度的升高而增强。     

低海拔地区官兵进驻高原后血液指标的变化

 目的 分析低海拔地区官兵进驻高原后的血液生化指标变化,及时发现可能导致高原疾病的危险因素。方法 选取驻地海拔1500 m的某部官兵183名作为研究对象。所有官兵分别于进驻高原前和进驻高原后30 d(海拔3600 m)进行静脉采血。进行红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素( DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、肌酐(UA)指标的检测,应用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行数据处理。结果 剔除未能按时采集静脉血者3例,最终180例完成研究。低海拔地区官兵进驻高原30 d后,血液检查中RBC[(6.06±0.17)×10¹²/L]、HGB[(179.86±2.23)g/L]、CK[(289.16±22.15)U/L]、CK-MB[(19.23±0.92)U/L]、AST[(27.00±1.12)U/L]、ALT[(26.93±1.52)U/L]、LDH[(229.90±5.57)U/L]指标相较于进驻高原前RBC[(5.74±0.09)×10¹²/L]、HGB[(169.06±1.98)g/L]、CK[(172.00±24.11)]U/L、CK-MB[(14.00±0.88)U/L]、AST[(21.23±1.01)U/L]、ALT[(20.93±1.67)U/L]、LDH[(168.40±6.12)U/L]均有明显升高,差异具有统计学意义( P<0.05)。TBIL、IBIL、DBIL、UA指标也显著高于进驻高原前,且差异具有统计学意义( P<0.05)。结论 高原低氧环境对官兵的身体健康有很大的影响,未来要更细化高原官兵健康体检,及时发现可能导致高原疾病的危险因素,提高官兵的适应能力。     

多普勒超声心动图评价不同海拔高原驻守官兵心功能

目的：比较驻守海拔2800 m官兵与海拔4820 m官兵的左心功能及右心参数变化差异,探讨海拔高度对高原驻守官兵心脏的影响。方法利用飞利浦便携CX50型超声诊断仪,对驻守海拔2800 m官兵33名（ A组）和海拔4820 m官兵25名（B组）行超声心动图检查,重点检查左室短轴舒张末内径（LVDd）、左房收缩末左右径（LASd）、右房收缩末左右径（RASd）、右室舒张末左右径（RVDd）、肺动脉内径（PAd）、二尖瓣口E峰与A峰血流速度（MVE、MVA）、二尖瓣环舒张早期速度（ E′）、二尖瓣环舒张晚期速度（ A′）、肺动脉加速时间（ PVAT）、肺动脉平均压力（ PAMP）。结果 B组的MVE、MVA、E′、E′/A′均低于A组,LVDd小于A组,PAd及A′大于A组,PVAT明显小于A组,PAMP明显高于A组（P﹤0.05）,两组RASd、RVDd无显著差异（ P﹥0.05）。结论与低海拔高原驻守官兵比较,驻守超高海拔高原官兵左室舒张功能减低,PAd增宽,PVAT缩短,PAMP增加,表明超高海拔高原环境对驻守官兵的心脏有一定影响,应该制定相应的健康保障策略,以切实防止或减轻超高海拔高原对官兵健康的影响。     

某部初入高原官兵睡眠质量的调查分析

目的：以某部官兵为样本研究进入高原官兵睡眠质量状况，为维护官兵健康和提高部队战斗力提供参考。方法对从某部选出的1044名官兵，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）分别于低海拔常驻地时和初到高海拔驻训地时进行问卷调查。结果高海拔地区PSQI总分为（8.44±3.10）分，显著高于低海拔地区PSQI总分（4.63±2.15）分（t=32.63，P<0.01）。除两地催眠药物应用项评分比较无显著差异外，其余各项目评分高海拔驻训地均显著高于低海拔常驻地（P<0.01）。睡眠障碍总体发生率51.82%。睡眠障碍发生率无吸烟史组显著低于有吸烟史组（χ2=120.29，P<0.01）。结论进入高原官兵易并发睡眠障碍，吸烟是睡眠障碍发生的独立危险因素，应采取积极应对措施，通过改善官兵睡眠质量，进一步改善官兵在高原地区的训练工作效率，为提高部队战斗力提供保证。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.