基层妇女保健知识知晓率调查与干预模式研究

目的：了解甘肃省庆阳市西峰区妇女保健知识知晓情况。方法：利用自行设计的“女性健康知识知晓情况调查表”对抽样样本进行调查。结果：女性掌握各生理期保健知识人均知晓率38．06％。表现为妇女保健知识匮乏,保健面窄,保健方法不科学,得不到家庭的重视。以家庭为单位,进行面对面互动交流,有针对性的开展健康促进活动,引导丈夫及女性注重保健、科学保健。结论：甘肃省庆阳市西峰区妇女保健知识知晓率由2008年的38．06％上升为2009年的76．21％。根据女性的需求做到有重点、有目的、有计划的健康教育促进活动,同时要注意对家庭成员尤其是丈夫、公婆进行健康教育,才能保证妇女自觉、自愿、积极主动地参与妇女保健活动,提高妇女保健水平,减轻社会和家庭的经济负担。     

永嘉县围绝经期妇女保健需求调查

目的：了解围绝经期妇女保健需求,探讨围绝经妇女保健管理方法,为制定围绝经保健方案提供依据。方法：自行设计调查表,采取随机抽样方法进行问卷调查。结果：围绝经妇女文化水平低,保健知识知晓率低,最需知晓的保健知识是围绝经营养知识,最佳了解知识的途径是专题讲座。结论：要大力加强对围绝经妇女的健康教育,普及围绝经保健知识,做好围绝经妇女保健。     

社区孕产妇保健知识知晓情况调查分析

目的了解社区早孕妇女孕期保健知识知晓情况,以更好地做好社区一级预防工作。方法对120名孕期建卡的早孕妇女进行孕期保健相关知识的问卷调查。结果调查对象中,常住产妇对孕期的保健知识知晓率显著高于流动孕产妇。结论社区应宣传、普及孕期保健知识,加强对流动人口的管理及宣教,做好社区的一级预防工作。     

社区更年期女性自我保健意识现状调查

目的 了解社区更年期妇女对更年期症状、更年期保健知识、态度和行为的知晓情况,为开展更年期妇女的保健及健康教育提供参考依据.方法 用随机整群抽样的方法,选择200名分别在济南市天桥区、槐荫区及其周边郊区的44～55岁妇女,以问卷形式进行调查,询问有关更年期症状相关了解情况及保健知识.结果 平均绝经年龄为45.67岁,以询问法获得的更年期症状发生率51.5%.68.5%的妇女知道有关的更年期保健知识,农村妇女的知晓率明显低于城市妇女,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05).在城乡更年期妇女中,有36.3%人去医院就诊,有47.9%人在控制饮食方面较强,48.0%人经常锻炼身体.结论 更年期女性缺乏更年期保健知识和保健意识,存在不健康的生活方式.因此,应加强有关更年期保健的健康教育并提高自我保健意识.     

南充市产褥期妇女产后保健知识认知现状的调查与分析

目的:调查了解南充市产褥期妇女产后保健知识认知现状,并对不同特征产褥期妇女的保健知识知晓率进行比较,为后期进行产褥期妇女保健知识健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取南充市419名产褥期妇女作为研究对象,逐一进行自填式问卷调查。结果:调查对象对乳房护理措施、产后健美方法、卫生与活动知识、营养膳食以及产后常见疾病的知晓率分别为16.47%、22.67%、35.80%、9.79%、38.66%。其中仅有33.17%的人认为哺乳后应该吸净剩余乳汁。部分对象(54.42%)认为产褥期期间应该梳头、洗头。相当一部分人(34.3%)认为产后应该吃高蛋白、高脂肪的食物。仅有48.45%的对象认为产后抑郁症是产后常见的疾病。结论:南充市产褥期妇女保健知识认知水平较低,保健人员应通过多种途径加强产褥期妇女的健康教育工作,积极宣传产褥期保健知识以增强该群体的自我保健能力,进一步提高产褥期妇女的生活质量和健康水平。     

围生期保健知识知晓率调查

目的 调查准妈妈们对儿童保健知识的了解程度。方法 对产科门诊产前检查的孕早、中、晚期的103名孕妇进行同一调查问卷测试。结果 母乳喂养方面的知识知晓率高达94％,新生儿疾病筛查知识知晓率仅7.8％,知晓率在50％以上的题占总数的31％,知晓率在20％～50％的题占总数的50％,知晓率<20％的题占总数的19％。知识知晓率在50％以下的内容主要有遗传病史的夫妇生育问题、病毒寄生虫对生育的影响、乙肝夫妇生育的问题、产前检查、孕妇的自我监护和绝大部分儿童保健内容。结论 目前婚前学校和孕妇学校儿童保健方面的健康教育没有达到预期效果,应在教育内容和教育形式、方法上尽快调整。     

围生期系统保健对阴道分娩质量影响的讨论

目的 转变保健模式,重视系统保健,提高孕产妇对保健知识知晓率,保持良好的健康状态,应对孕产期一系列生理、心理变化,支持、促进阴道分娩,提高自然分娩率.方法 对计划要生育的妇女进行孕前全面体检开始,在孕产期进行系统保健.结果 系统保健显著降低了孕产妇及胎儿的各种并发症,保护和提高了阴道分娩能力,降低了剖宫产率.结论 系统保健可提高阴道分娩质量,应高度重视.     

健康教育与健康促进对提高更年期妇女保健认识的探讨(附1268例调查报告)

目的：探讨影响广州市区更年期妇女保健态度、知识、行为的相关因素。方法：在本市各企业、事业单位进行更年期保健知识讲座，并发放班前班后调查问卷进行统计学处理。结果：班前班后对本市更年期妇女保健态度、知识、行为的相关知识有明显的影响。结论：更年期妇女保健态度、知识、行为的知晓率有待进一步普及提高，以提高更年期妇女生活质量。     

更年期女性自我保健意识现状调查

目的了解更年期妇女更年期症状和更年期保健的知识、态度和行为,为开展更年期妇女的保健及健康教育提供参考依据。方法用随机整群抽样的方法,选择146名分别在重庆市长寿区、垫江县、涪陵地区的45～55岁妇女,以问卷形式进行调查,询问有关更年期症状相关了解情况及保健知识。结果平均绝经年龄为46．67岁;以询问法获得的更年期症状发生率51．5％。68．5％的妇女知道有关的更年期保健知识,农村妇女的知晓率明显低于城市妇女。两者差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。在城乡更年期妇女中,曾经有36．3％人去医院就诊,但仅有47．9％的人在控制饮食方面较强,48．0％的人经常锻炼身体。结论更年期女性缺乏更年期保健知识和保健意识,存在不健康的生活方式。因此,应加强有关更年期保健的健康教育并提高自我保健意识。     

开展健康教育,提高妇幼保健水平

目的了解农村妇幼保健知识现状,及服务对象需求方向。方法集中问卷。结果1.婚前保健:参与婚检人数759人,保健知识知晓率72.5%。2.孕期保健及出生缺陷:“削峰工程”名称知晓率49.06%,了解“斯利安”叶酸片是预防“出生缺陷”的人数为921人,知晓率为86.56%;知道孕妇4～6个月B超检查是为了筛查“出生缺陷”516人,知晓率为49.38%;孕妇立保健卡994人,健卡率95.12%。3.儿童保健:母乳喂养率达到78.57%,对影响小儿生长发育的“四病”能积极预防,能够在婴儿4～6个月正确添加辅食。4.妇女保健:各项调查数据均不超过70%,提示为保健工作的薄弱环节;要求获得保健知识主要为儿童常见病的预防,其次为妇女常见病的预防。结论我县妇幼保健健康教育力度加强,各种保健知识均能宣传到位,只有妇女保健知识不能完全接受。因此在今后的工作中要以调查所得的各种数据为依据开展各项工作,提高妇女自保能力。     

Lesbian health inequalities: a cultural minority issue for health professionals

Health inequalities exist for lesbian and bisexual women, largely related to experiences of discrimination, homophobia and heterosexism. These issues can lead to avoidance of routine healthcare and screening and reduced disclosure of sexual orientation within consultations. Lesbian and bisexual women have specific healthcare needs in areas of sexual and cervical health, reproductive health and parenting, mental health, substance use, and ageing. Facilitation of disclosure of sexual orientation, identity and behaviour within the consultation is desired by most lesbians and important for addressing specific health needs. Healthcare providers should develop "cultural competence" in lesbian issues to enhance their care of lesbian and bisexual women. Healthcare providers have a role in promoting awareness of lesbian health issues and inequalities in the arenas of healthcare provider education, research and health policy.     

陕西省农村已婚妇女生殖健康研究概述

目的:了解农村已婚妇女的生殖健康状况,用生物、心理、社会医学模式的观点分析农村已婚妇女生殖健康的影响因素,提出综合措施提高农村已婚妇女的生殖健康水平.方法:采用文献研究和现场调查相结合,综合近年来国内外在妇女生殖健康方面的研究文献;分层整群抽样调查陕西省西安市长安区的608例已婚妇女的社会经济情况、生殖卫生情况、妇科疾病情况和心理健康状况.结果:研究明确了农村已婚妇女生殖健康研究的基本内涵,总结了已婚妇女生殖健康存在的主要问题,了解了陕西省农村已婚妇女生殖健康状况.结论:农村已婚妇女的生殖健康状况与世界卫生组织所提出的"2015年人人享有生殖健康"的卫生战略目标差距较大;在节育措施、生育文化、健康知识的获得和整体身体素质方面农村已婚妇女都处于不利境况.     

优化贫困地区农村医疗卫生体系，实现战略上的公平——以某市农村为例

目的了解贫困地区农村医疗卫生现状,优化农村医疗卫生体系建设,实现战略上的公平。方法对2007～2009年某市医疗卫生体系建设的相关文件和年鉴资料进行研究。结果医疗卫生体系中基层公共卫生体系建设、卫生服务覆盖等取得了成绩,但是在提高公共卫生可及性方面仍有欠缺。结论需要强化规划管理、优化三级医疗服务网络的衔接。     

已婚育龄妇女生殖道感染者循证护理干预效果评价

目的了解已婚育龄妇女对生殖道感染有关知识的认知情况,探索循证护理干预对生殖道感染患者的影响。方法对198名社区已婚育龄妇女应用循征护理干预,解决已婚育龄夫妇生殖道感染患者常见的生殖健康问题。结果已婚育龄妇女对生殖保健方面的知识及预防措施知晓率较低;采用循征护理干预前后妇女目标疾病的患病率明显下降。结论循征护理干预是解决已婚育龄妇女生殖道感染患者常见生殖健康问题的有效方法。加强育龄妇女生殖保健服务,通过各种渠道及各种形式开展有关生殖道感染的危害性和防治知识教育,是提高自我保健意识和生殖健康水平的有效措施。     

新疆生产建设兵团连队卫生室人力资源结构和能力状况分析与对策

目的：全面了解兵团连队卫生员人力资源状况,为合理配置和开发兵团连队卫生室卫生人力提供决策依据。方法：对兵团连队卫生员进行普查,对其总量、结构与能力状况进行描述和分析。结果：2005年兵团有连队卫生员3023人,占兵团基层卫生人员的64．9％。其中女性占62．1％;小于35岁的占31．8％,35岁-44岁的占42．0％;没有专业学历的占21．7％,中专和大专学历的各占39．1％和37．5％,本科学历仅占1．7％;初级职称的占79．5％,待聘人员占9．9％;未取得执业医师资格证书的占45．0％。结论：连队卫生员总量不足、结构不平衡、素质和能力偏低。     

Security Techniques for the Electronic Health Records

The privacy of patients and the security of their information is the most imperative barrier to entry when considering the adoption of electronic health records in the healthcare industry. Considering current legal regulations, this review seeks to analyze and discuss prominent security techniques for healthcare organizations seeking to adopt a secure electronic health records system. Additionally, the researchers sought to establish a foundation for further research for security in the healthcare industry. The researchers utilized the Texas State University Library to gain access to three online databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, and ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source. These sources were used to conduct searches on literature concerning security of electronic health records containing several inclusion and exclusion criteria. Researchers collected and analyzed 25 journals and reviews discussing security of electronic health records, 20 of which mentioned specific security methods and techniques. The most frequently mentioned security measures and techniques are categorized into three themes: administrative, physical, and technical safeguards. The sensitive nature of the information contained within electronic health records has prompted the need for advanced security techniques that are able to put these worries at ease. It is imperative for security techniques to cover the vast threats that are present across the three pillars of healthcare.     

参与性方法在农村贫困地区卫生项目中的应用效果评价

目的 :评价参与性方法在农村贫困地区开展卫生项目和健康教育中的应用效果。方法 :用分层随机抽样法 ,对采用参与性方法实施改善生育卫生服务项目的 2个项目乡镇和 2个非项目乡镇 1 5岁及以上人群的生殖健康相关知识和已婚育龄妇女生殖健康服务利用状况进行问卷调查。结果 :共调查 1 5岁及以上人口 1 1 5 2人 ,其中已婚育龄妇女 396人。项目乡镇 1 5岁及以上人群产前检查知晓率 (90 5 % )、住院分娩好处知晓率(91 7% )、生殖道感染知晓率 (87 1 % )等生殖健康相关知识知晓率均显著高于非项目乡镇 (分别为 5 1 8%、84 2 %和 2 8 9% ) ,P <0 0 1 ;项目乡镇住院分娩率 (6 7 6 % )、产前检查率 (87 4 % )、产后访视率 (5 9 1 % )和妇科病定期检查率 (38% )等生殖健康服务利用率亦显著高于非项目乡镇 (分别为 2 2 2 %、6 9 1 %、1 4 6 %和1 6 8% ) ,P <0 0 1。结论 :参与性方法是在农村贫困地区开展卫生项目活动和健康教育的有效方法     

Still the doctor - by a country mile! Preferences for health services in two country towns in north-west New South Wales

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether rural consumer preferences for health services have changed over time or vary across communities with different models of health service delivery. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey replicating a 1989 study, with ranking of seven different healthcare services. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Adult occupants from a 20% sample of private residences, in towns and on farms, in the rural shires of Bogan and Warren in north-west New South Wales. The survey was conducted in September 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rank order of preferences for different healthcare services; preference structure intervals showing relative "distance" between preferences. RESULTS: Response rates were 68% (Nyngan town), 78% (Nyngan farms) and 59% (Warren town). The doctor was the most valued health service in rural communities, followed by the hospital. These preferences occurred regardless of age, sex or place of residence, persisted over time, and were similar for residents of towns with different models of healthcare service provision. CONCLUSIONS: Rural people, both in towns and on farms, rate acute primary healthcare services provided by the doctor and hospital as the two most important services. These preferences have not changed substantially after a decade of restructuring rural health services and reorienting them towards a primary healthcare approach. The stability of rural consumer preferences may reflect a bias towards the status quo.     

Men in Australia Telephone Survey (MATeS): predictors of men's help-seeking behaviour for reproductive health disorders

OBJECTIVE: To identify sociodemographic factors associated with help-seeking behaviour for reproductive health disorders in middle-aged and older Australian men. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, population-based, computer-assisted telephone interview exploring sociodemographic factors and general and reproductive health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Analysis of data from the Men in Australia Telephone Survey (MATeS) of 5990 Australian men aged 40 years and older interviewed between September and December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported diagnosis of prostate disease and erectile dysfunction (ED), help-seeking behaviour (including visiting a doctor, prostate-specific antigen testing, treatment of prostate disease, speaking to a health professional about ED and treatment of ED). RESULTS: Age was a significant predictor of all help-seeking behaviour studied, other than treatment for ED. Controlling for all predictor variables, never-married status predicted a lower likelihood of visiting a doctor (odds ratio [OR], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.48-0.97]) or speaking to a health professional about ED (OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.21-0.93]), while divorced/separated status predicted lower likelihood of having a prostate-specific antigen test (OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.50-0.79]). Living in a regional or remote area or being from a non-English-speaking background predicted lower likelihood of receiving treatment for ED (ORs, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.42-0.92] and 0.41 [95% CI, 0.24-0.72], respectively), but did not influence screening for prostate disease. CONCLUSION: Seeking advice or treatment for male reproductive health disorders is predicted by sociodemographic factors specific to different reproductive health problems. As middle-aged and older men do attend doctors, opportunities exist for health professionals to optimise their consultations by routinely discussing reproductive health with all men, to identify under-reported male reproductive health disorders.     

Male involvement in reproductive health care

The programme of action globally endorsed at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) emphasised the need for equity in gender relations with a special focus on men's shared responsibility and active involvement to promote reproductive and sexual health. If men are brought into a wide range of reproductive health services in such a way that they are supported as equal partners and responsible parents, as well as clients in their own right, better outcomes are expected in reproductive health indicators such as contraception acceptance and continuation, safer sexual behaviours, use of reproductive health services, and reduction in reproductive morbidity and mortality. This paper focuses on these key questions. What does men's involvement mean and how should it be operationalised? What does shared responsibility mean for various reproductive health problems subsumed within the reproductive health framework? Programmes to involve men should be designed to address three major goals: (1) Improve sexual and reproductive health of men and women, (2) generate men's support for women's actions related to reproduction and respect for women's reproductive and sexual rights, and (3) promote responsible and healthy reproductive and sexual behaviour in young men and boys. Gender inequality is a major barrier that must be overcome if these goals are to be met. Improving the reproductive well-being of women and men requires freeing them both from restricted gender roles.