Mitral valve prolapse in patients with surgically-closed atrial septal defect

To evaluate the prevalence, causes and clinical significance of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) associated with surgically-closed atrial septal defect (ASD), 90 patients (M: 41, F: 49) were studied using two-dimensional and color-coded Doppler echocardiography. Among the 90 patients, preoperative echocardiograms were available in 27. MVP was found in 21 of the 27 patients (78%) preoperatively, but it was found in 59% (16/27) postoperatively. In total, MVP was detected in 50 of the 90 patients (56%) postoperatively. The postoperative MVP group had higher pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratios (3.6 +/- 1.9 vs 2.8 +/- 1.1, p less than 0.05) and higher mean pulmonary arterial pressures (21 +/- 11 vs 13 +/- 5 mmHg, p less than 0.01) at the time of surgery. Between the two groups with or without MVP postoperatively, there was no difference (p less than 0.05) in age at surgery, the postoperative duration and left ventricular (LV) deformity index both in pre- and postoperative states. A mitral regurgitant (MR) murmur was recorded in seven patients postoperatively. However, only two had clinically severe MR. It was concluded that MVP is frequently detected in patients with closure of ASD and it is related neither to degree of the LV deformity nor to age at operation; rather, it is related to the severity of the preoperative hemodynamic state. Clinically significant MR is rare in the postoperative period.     

Preoperative and postoperative mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation in adult patients with secundum atrial septal defects

Background: Little attention is given to development of mitral regurgitation (MR) in adults with atrial septal defect (ASD). The aim of the study was to determine the associated factors of MR in ASD adults before surgical repair and the fate of moderate to severe MR after surgery. Methods: We examined 71 consecutive patients with secundum ASD (47 ± 16 years) who underwent surgical repair. Clinical and echocardiographic variables including size of left and right heart systems and severity of MR and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were investigated before and early after surgery. Results: Before ASD closure, 14 patients (20%) had moderate to severe MR and 25 patients (35%) showed mitral valve (MV) prolapse. The ASD patients with moderate to severe MR showed worse cardiovascular symptoms, increased occurrence of atrial fibrillation and MV prolapse, and greater left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic volume, left atrial area, and TR severity than those with none to mild MR (all P < 0.05). Among preoperative variables, TR severity, left atrial area, LV end‐diastolic volume, and MV prolapse were associated with preoperative MR severity in all the patients (all P < 0.03). Isolated ASD closure (n=46) decreased MV prolapse (P=0.008). Preoperative moderate to severe MR decreased after ASD closure with and without MV surgery (n=9 and 5, respectively; both P < 0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative MR severity was associated with TR severity, dilated left heart chambers, and MV prolapse. MR decreased after ASD closure with and even without MV surgery.     

Association of ostium secundum atrial septal defects with mitral valve prolapse

Severe prolapse of the mitral valve leaflets was seen at left ventricular angiography in 16 of 92 patients with a secundum type atrial septal defect studied prospectively from 1970 to 1974. The patients were aged 15 to 69 years; angioplasty or mitral valve replacement was carried out in nine. In 9 of 122 patients aged 15 to 55 years who were operated on for closure of a secundum type atrial septal defect between 1956 and 1969, mitral regurgitation due to prolapse but with intact chordae tendineae was seen at operation. In three of these patients chordal rupture was seen at a second operation 2 to 6 years later. The outlook in the syndrome of mitral valve prolapse may be less benign than is usually believed.     

经食道超声心动图在成人继发孔ASD封堵治疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨经食道超声心动图（TEE）在成人继发孔房间隔缺损（ASD）介入及外科微创封堵术治疗中的应用价值。方法：以2012年1月至12月间通过经胸壁超声心动图（TTE）及 TEE 筛选的行介入封堵（91例）及外科微创封堵（43例）治疗的134例成人（＞15岁）单纯继发孔 ASD 患者为研究对象,介入组患者术中行 TTE 监护,外科微创组患者术中行 TEE 监护。对术前 TTE 和 TEE 相关参数及手术结果进行对照分析。结果：两组患者ASD 缺损径的 TEE 测值均显著大于 TTE 测值（P 均＜0.01）,最大缺损径的 TEE 测值均显著大于 TTE 测值[（19.8±5.2）mm 比（18.7±4.9）mm],P ＜0.01;最大缺损径的 TTE 测值与封堵器大小间相关性（介入组 r＝0.926,外科微创组 r＝0.215）均低于 TEE （介入组 r＝0.965,外科微创组 r＝0.627）,P 均＜0.01。结论：经食道超声心动图对房间隔缺损的大小评估优于经胸壁超声心动图,应作为成人房间隔缺损封堵患者术前筛查的常规检查,在外科微创封堵房间隔缺损中作为实时监测引导、即刻评价疗效具有重要价值。     

Congenital tricuspid valve stenosis with atrial septal defect and left anterior fascicular block

Congenital tricuspid valve stenosis in the absence of other valvular abnormalities is rare. In this report we describe a patient with congenital tricuspid valve stenosis, ostium secundum atrial septal defect, and electrocardiographic left anterior fascicular block, who presented with paradoxical emboli. This case, as well as previous case reports, suggests that congenital tricuspid stenosis with ostium secundum atrial septal defect is associated with left anterior fascicular block.     

室间隔缺损合并二尖瓣关闭不全15例的外科治疗

目的总结室间隔缺损合并中度二尖瓣关闭不全的手术治疗经验。方法15例室间隔缺损合并中度二尖瓣关闭不全,在行室间隔缺损修补术后,根据二尖瓣病变作相应处理,行交界折叠术7例,环缩后瓣瓣环6例,2例未加处理。结果15例患无手术并发症,无早期死亡。术后心脏超声检查发现3例二尖瓣有微一少量反流,余12例处理无反流,恢复顺利。结论室间隔缺损合并中度二尖瓣关闭不全进行相应处理可改善术后近期恢复及远期效果,避免再次手术。     

Ostium secundum atrial septal defect associated with balloon mitral valve in children

Eight children with an ostium secundum atrial septal defect and balloon mitral valve are described. Leftward-superior QRS forces, abnormal T waves and suggestive apical auscultatory findings (midsystolic click or a late systolic murmur of mitral insufficiency) were frequently observed and led to the erroneous diagnosis of ostium primum atrial septal defect in six cases. Lack of any or all of these manifestations did not preclude the presence of a balloon mitral valve. The prognostic importance of this valvular lesion indicates the need to perform left ventriculography in all patients with an atrial septal defect.     

62例室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣脱垂的外科治疗

目的 总结室间隔缺损（VSD）合并主动脉瓣脱垂的外科治疗经验.方法 2001年1月至2010年12月间,我院收治62例VSD合并主动脉瓣脱垂患者,行单纯VSD心内修复术31例、主动脉瓣置换术（AVR）29例、主动脉瓣成形术（AVP）11例.结果 术后早期死亡2例,1例VSD修补和AVR患者术后3 d因室性心律失常死亡;1例15岁患者,7年前在外院行VSD修复和AVP,复查超声心动图示主动脉瓣重度关闭不全、巨大左心室,再次行AVR,术后1周因心衰死亡.余60例均存活.术后门诊随访,随访时间6个月至10年,共55例,随访率91.7 %.心功能Ⅰ级50例、Ⅱ级5例,均能从事正常生活及学习.1例单纯VSD修复患者出现VSD残余漏,术后1年复查超声心动图示主动脉瓣中度关闭不全,行AVR,目前已治愈.11例AVP患者中,轻度关闭不全8例（2例为肺动脉瓣下VSD,6例为围膜部VSD）;轻-中度关闭不全2例（均为围膜部VSD）;中度关闭不全1例（围膜部VSD）,于术后5年行AVR后治愈.行全迷宫双极射频消融术治疗心房颤动1例,患者心律转为窦性心律.结论 根据主动脉瓣脱垂的程度,合理处理VSD及主动脉瓣病变,可取得满意的疗效.     

房间隔缺损合并心房颤动的外科治疗方法及效果研究

目的:探讨房间隔缺损(ASD)合并心房颤动的外科治疗方法。方法:自2013年1月至2018年6月,对112例ASD合并心房颤动患者行ASD修补+心房颤动射频消融手术(标准迷宫Ⅳ)治疗,观察其效果。结果:所有患者成功完成手术,主动脉阻断和体外循环时间分别为(65±12)vs.(90±11)min,心房颤动射频消融时间为(18±6.5)min,开放循环后窦性心律85例(75.9%),结性心律16例(14.3%),心房颤动心律11例(9.8%),平均术后住院时间(8±2.1)d,术后随访105例,随访3～60个月,平均(28±6)个月,窦性心律65例(61.9%),结性心律11例(10.4%),心房颤动心律29例(27.6%),本组无死亡。结论:ASD修补术同期心房颤动迷宫Ⅳ手术安全可行,疗效确切,不增加手术及体外循环时间。     

Surgical repair of atrial septal defect in 1011 consecutive patients

The immediate postoperative complications of 1011 consecutive patients undergoing surgical repair of atrial septal defects between 1980 and 1998 at Marie Lannelongue Hospital were analysedwith the ultimate objective of comparing their incidence with that of percutaneous closure. Five patients died (0.49%) of low cardiac output (N=3), pulmonary oedema (N=1) or pulmonary hypertension (N=1). A total of 356 patients (35.2%) had 448 postoperative complications. There were 77% minor and 23% major complications. The minor complications included arrhythmias and conduction defects (N=130), respiratory complications (N=90) and pericardial effusions (N=64). The main major complications were cardiac failure (N=27), cardiac tamponade (N=13), neurological complications (N=8) and reoperation (N=28). Of the survivors, 95.6% of patients were discharged from hospital with no residual problem and 41 (4.4%) had sequellae: arrhythmias (N=29, including one pacemaker implantation), neurological complications (N=4), acquired mitral regurgitation (N=2), phrenic nerve paralysis (N=1) and minimal residual shunt (N=10). Factors correlated with surgical morbidity were age, the severity of pulmonary hypertension, the type of atrial septal defect (less morbidity with ostium secundum defects), the presence of associated malformations, the surgical approach (less morbidity with the right postero-lateral thoracic approach). This study demonstrated the incompressible risk of open heart cardiac surgery. It will form a basis for a comparative study of the two modern methods of treating atrial septal defect: surgical and percutaneous closure.