光学相干断层成像指导与冠状动脉造影指导直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗6个月随访结果的比较

目的比较光学相干断层成像(OCT)指导和单纯冠状动脉造影(CAG)指导直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)6个月的随访结果。方法前瞻性研究。连续入选2017年3月至2018年12月阜外医院因ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行OCT指导的PPCI患者275例(OCT指导组)。收集全部入选患者的人口学资料、合并疾病、冠状动脉造影和OCT特征资料。采用倾向性评分从单纯CAG指导的PPCI患者数据库中1∶1回顾性顺序匹配275例患者(CAG指导组),对比两种策略对6个月临床随访结果的影响。结果OCT指导组中,OCT评估发现斑块脱垂151例(54.9%),支架贴壁不良113例(41.1%),支架近和/或远端夹层38例(13.8%),其中3例(1.1%)同时发生支架近端和远端夹层,38例远端夹层患者中,需行补救性置入支架2例。随访6个月结果显示,OCT指导组与CAG指导组比较,心血管死亡、再次心肌梗死、靶血管再次血运重建、卒中和出血终点事件差异均无统计学意义(P=0.682)。结论与单纯CAG指导相比,OCT指导的PPCI并不能降低6个月的临床终点事件。     

Short term follow-up of prediabetics undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention

BackgroundEpidemiologic evidence suggests that the complications of diabetes begin early in the progression from normal glucose tolerance to frank diabetes. Prediabetes is defined as people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), some of whom in fact already have the characteristic microvascular changes resulting from diabetes itself.Methods and resultsThis study was conducted on 108 patients presenting to Ain Shams University Catheterization Laboratory for elective percutaneous coronary intervention using bare metal stents (48 diabetic patients, 30 pre-diabetic patients and 30 non-diabetic patients). All patients underwent bare metal stent deployment either preceded by balloon dilatation or not. Follow-up was done at three and six months for major adverse cardiac & cerebral events (cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, cerebrovascular stroke, target vessel revascularization).ResultsOur findings demonstrate that there was no statistically significant difference between patients of the three different study groups regarding composite end point of death, stroke, acute coronary syndrome and target vessel revascularization at three months follow-up (diabetics = 18.8%, pre-diabetics = 13.3%, non diabetics = 3.3%, p-value = 0.1), but there was a highly statistical difference between them regarding acute coronary syndrome (diabetics = 43%, pre-diabetics = 26%, non diabetics = 10%, p-value = 0.006) at six months follow-up.ConclusionPrediabetes, though not a disease entity by itself is associated with of risk for both macrovascular and increasingly, microvascular pathology. It is important to identify these conditions to prevent incident diabetes and to take measures to stop the vascular complications. Our study findings revealed that complications of diabetes may begin early as patients are suffering impaired glucose homeostasis, which warrants further evaluation in larger studies.     

替格瑞洛用于急性冠脉综合征冠脉多支病变行PCI术治疗效果的中期随访

【摘要】目的：探讨替格瑞洛用于急性冠脉综合征冠脉多支病变行PCI术治疗的有效性及安全性。 方法：选取2013年8月至2015年8月入住我院的急性冠脉综合征多支病变患者226例为研究对象,并随机将患者分为替格瑞洛组（试验组,n=99,术前顿服180mg,术后每次90mg,每次2次）和氯吡格雷组（对照组,n=127,术前顿服300mg顿服,术后每次75mg,每日1次）。术后均对患者随访6个月,比较两组患者基本临床资料、冠脉病变特征、药物使用情况及6个月内主要不良心血管事件、不良反应发生率。 结果 两组患者在基本临床资料、冠脉病变特征、药物使用情况比较中差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,具有可比性。试验组患者随访期间（6个月内）MACE发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;呼吸困难发生率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;出血事件及总不良反应发生率两组患者比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 替格瑞洛用于急性冠脉综合征冠脉多支病变行PCI术患者具有良好的有效性及安全性。     

Heparin or enoxaparin anticoagulation for primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare efficacy and safety outcomes among patients receiving enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin (UFH) while undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Background : Primary PCI (pPCI) for ST elevation has traditionally been supported by UFH. The low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin may provide better outcomes when used for pPCI. Methods : Consecutive eligible patients (580) undergoing pPCI enrolled in the prospective electronic Pitié‐Salpêtrière registry of ischemic coronary syndromes (e‐PARIS) registry were grouped according to whether they received UFH or enoxaparin as the sole anticoagulant. Logistic regression modeling, propensity‐weighted adjustment, and sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate efficacy and safety endpoints for enoxaparin vs. UFH. Results : Enoxaparin was administered to 346 patients and UFH to 234 without ACT or anti‐Xa guided dose adjustment. PCI was performed through the radial artery in 90%, with frequent (75%) use of GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. Patients receiving enoxaparin were more likely to be therapeutically anticoagulated during the procedure (68% vs. 50%, P < 0.0001) and were less likely to experience death or recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in hospital (adjusted OR 0.28 95% CI (0.12–0.68) or by 30 days (adjusted OR 0.35 95% CI 0.16–0.81). All cause mortality was also reduced in hospital (adjusted OR 0.32, 95% CI (0.12–0.85) and to 30 days (adjusted OR 0.40 95% CI 0.17–0.99). Other ischemic endpoints were similarly reduced with enoxaparin. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding events were numerically fewer among patients receiving enoxaparin (1.2% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.2). Conclusions : In patients with STEMI presenting for PCI, enoxaparin was associated with a reduction in all ischemic complications, more frequent therapeutic anticoagulation, and no increase in major bleeding when compared against unfractionated heparin. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后社区强化随访研究

目的:探讨医院与社区相结合的长期综合健康干预能否有效控制经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后冠心病患者的危险因素,改善冠心病PCI患者的预后. 方法:入选成功实施PCI手术的患者572例,获得知情同意后,将患者分为强化随访组(n=272)和常规随访组(n=270).强化组接受定期随访、定期检测、系列健康讲座等,普通随访组采用普通门诊随访模式.比较两组患者一般资料、冠心病危险因素基线水平,随访18个月后两组服药依从性、冠心病危险因素控制达标率、心脏事件(包括死亡、再发心肌梗死、靶血管再次血运重建)发生率有无差别. 结果:两组患者的一般资料、冠心病危险因素基线水平相似,强化随访组18个月后的服药率优于常规随访组,血压(82.5％对73.3％,P=0.03)、血糖(55.6％对34.5％,P=0.04)、血脂(87.5％对65.2％,P=().043)的控制达标率较高,心脏事件(4％对8.1％,P=0.046)减少. 结论:医院与社区相结合的综合健康干预有效可行,可以改善冠心病PCI后患者的预后.     

Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention

The goal of the initial treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is rapid and effective reperfusion. Randomized trials have demonstrated that primary angioplasty is preferred over thrombolysis if done in a timely manner and by an experienced team. However, due to many factors, performance of primary angioplasty within the goal of 90 min is often not possible. A combined strategy of immediate thrombolysis in the emergency room or in the ambulance followed by angioplasty theoretically could provide early reperfusion with subsequent angioplasty to insure complete reperfusion. Over 17 clinical trials have been reported. Compared with thrombolysis, facilitated angioplasty in the most recent trials has been shown to have a more favorable long-term outcome. Trials comparing facilitated angioplasty with full- or half-dose thrombolysis versus primary angioplasty have been far less favorable with the largest trial to date, the ASSENT (Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Treatment Strategy with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention)-4 trial, demonstrating a worse outcome in the primary end point of death, congestive heart failure, or shock at 90 days. Pending the results of the FINESSE (Facilitated Intervention with Enhanced Reperfusion Speed to Stop Events) trial, current data suggest that facilitated angioplasty does not offer any advantage over primary angioplasty and may be harmful.     

经桡动脉用7.5 F无鞘指引导管完成冠状动脉复杂病变介入治疗的初步经验

目的：总结北京友谊医院心血管病中心心内科使用无鞘指引导管（日本ASAHI）经桡动脉完成的60例冠状动脉复杂病变患者介入治疗的经验和体会。方法回顾分析患者的临床资料、影像资料以及术后恢复情况,对无鞘指引导管的使用特点进行总结分析。结果60例患者均为复杂冠状动脉病变,其中,慢性完全闭塞病变（CTO）13例,迂曲合并钙化病变17例,左主干病变7例,分叉病变32例（包括左主干病变7例和同时合并CTO病变2例）。行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）,成功57例,失败3例,成功率95.0%。患者使用7.5 F的无鞘指引导管,均顺利通过桡动脉到位。左冠状动脉使用的无鞘指引导管型号依次为：JL3.5/4.0（44例）,AL1.0（3例）, SPB4.0/3.5（2例）,PB4.0（2例）;右冠状动脉：JR3.5/4.0（9例）。13例CTO病变使用的无鞘指引导管型号依次为：JL3.5/4.0（8例）,PB4.0（2例）,AL1.0（2例）,JR4.0（1例）;17例迂曲钙化病变：JL3.5/4.0（8例）,JR3.5/4.0（6例）,SPB3.5/4.0（2例）,AL1.0（1例）;32例分叉病变使用的无鞘指引导管型号均为JL3.5/4.0或JR3.5/4.0。结论经桡动脉使用7.5 F无鞘指引导管有良好的通过性,且导管管腔大、管壁厚、支撑力强,能胜任大多数分叉病变的双支架技术和对吻球囊技术,适合CTO、迂曲钙化病变等复杂病变的介入治疗。     

Two-year follow-up after catheter-based radiotherapy to inhibit coronary restenosis

BACKGROUND: Although early trials indicate the treatment of restenosis with radiation therapy is safe and effective, the long-term impact of this new technology has been questioned. The possibility of late untoward consequences, such as aneurysm formation, perforation, and accelerated vascular disease, is of significant concern. Furthermore, it is not known whether the beneficial effects of radiation therapy will be durable or whether radiation will only delay restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: A double-blind, randomized trial was undertaken to compare 192Ir with placebo sources in patients with previous restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a 0.76-mm (0. 03-in) ribbon containing sealed sources of either 192Ir or placebo. All patients underwent repeat coronary angiography at 6 months. All living patients were contacted 24 months after their index study procedure. Patients were assessed with respect to the need for target-lesion revascularization or nontarget-lesion revascularization, occurrence of myocardial infarction, or death. Over a 9-month period, 55 patients were enrolled; 26 were randomized to 192Ir and 29 to placebo. Follow-up was obtained in 100% of living patients at a minimum of 24 months. Target-lesion revascularization was significantly lower in the 192Ir group (15.4% versus 44.8%; P<0. 01). Nontarget-lesion revascularization was similar in 192Ir and placebo patients (19.2% versus 20.7%; P=NS). There were 2 deaths in each group. The composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, or target-lesion revascularization was significantly lower in 192Ir-treated versus placebo-treated patients (23.1% versus 51.7%; P=0.03). No patient in the 192Ir group sustained a target-lesion revascularization later than 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: At 2-year clinical follow-up, treatment with 192Ir demonstrates significant clinical benefit. Although further follow-up (including late angiography) will be necessary, no clinical events have occurred to date in the 192Ir group to suggest major untoward effects of vascular radiotherapy. At the intermediate follow-up time point, vascular radiotherapy continues to be a promising new treatment for restenosis.     

Long-term follow-up of polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents implanted during percutaneous coronary intervention for management of acute coronary perforation

Objective : To determine the long‐term outcomes for patients receiving polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐covered stents as definitive therapy, in our institution, for the management of acute coronary perforation. Background : Coronary perforation as a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Management options included observation only or a combination of several or all of these approaches: reversal of anticoagulation, prolonged balloon inflation, deployment of a standard stent, emergent cardiac surgery, or insertion of a PTFE‐covered stent. Methods : With our IRB approval, records of 12,093 consecutive patients who received PCI during a 5‐year period from January 2002 to December 2006 were reviewed and 50 patients who had coronary perforation as a complication of PCI were identified. Results : Of the 21 patients who received a PTFE‐covered stent to manage coronary perforation, one died secondary to acute thrombosis within the PTFE‐covered stent in the first 24 hrs and one required emergent cardiac surgery due to continued contrast extravasation despite PTFE‐covered stent deployment. The other 19 patients were followed long term (mean 55 months) and only one survivor had a potentially life‐threatening outcome (subacute stent thrombosis) over that time period. Conclusion : Utilization of a PTFE‐covered stent may be a reasonable short‐ and long‐term option to manage acute coronary perforation that occurs during PCI. On the basis of this limited experience, successful PTFE‐covered stent deployment as the conclusive treatment for coronary perforation is associated with a favorable long‐term event‐free survival rate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention.

The goal of the initial treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is rapid and effective reperfusion. Randomized trials have demonstrated that primary angioplasty is preferred over thrombolysis if done in a timely manner and by an experienced team. However, due to many factors, performance of primary angioplasty within the goal of 90 min is often not possible. A combined strategy of immediate thrombolysis in the emergency room or in the ambulance followed by angioplasty theoretically could provide early reperfusion with subsequent angioplasty to insure complete reperfusion. Over 17 clinical trials have been reported. Compared with thrombolysis, facilitated angioplasty in the most recent trials has been shown to have a more favorable long-term outcome. Trials comparing facilitated angioplasty with full- or half-dose thrombolysis versus primary angioplasty have been far less favorable with the largest trial to date, the ASSENT (Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Treatment Strategy with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention)-4 trial, demonstrating a worse outcome in the primary end point of death, congestive heart failure, or shock at 90 days. Pending the results of the FINESSE (Facilitated Intervention with Enhanced Reperfusion Speed to Stop Events) trial, current data suggest that facilitated angioplasty does not offer any advantage over primary angioplasty and may be harmful.     

Advances in percutaneous coronary intervention

Initially developed more than 30 years ago as simple balloon-based dilatation for focal coronary stenoses, the introduction of the coronary stent allowed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to be applied to most patients with coronary artery disease. PCI improves quality of life by relieving angina in patients with stable coronary artery disease and can be life saving in patients with extensive ischemia and acute coronary syndromes. The safety of the PCI procedure has been enhanced significantly by the appropriate application of adjunctive pharmacotherapy, most importantly antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents. The advent of drug-eluting stents has significantly prolonged the durability of PCI. The safety and efficacy of PCI continue to evolve with the development of next-generation stents and safer and improved pharmacologic agents. An extensive evidence base of randomized clinical trials has established PCI as an important strategy with a pivotal role in the management of patients with coronary artery disease.     

CT指引下的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗

目的 探讨双源64层螺旋CT指引下直接进行PCI的适用性及可行性.方法 在我院心内科住院的急性冠状动脉综合征患者11例,入选标准为冠状动脉狭窄≥75%.PCI前后分别进行血管内超声(IVUS)检查和冠状动脉造影.在行PCI时,直接进入指引导管而非常规造影导管,并仅注入10 ml左右的造影剂显示冠状动脉病变.结果 在11例患者中,对其中的1例患者进行了直接冠状动脉内支架置入术,1例患者仅进行了PTCA,其余9例进行了PTCA+支架置入术.分别用冠状动脉CT、造影和IVUS检查测量其PCI前靶血管管腔直径,三者差异无统计学意义.11例患者中有2例患者置入支架后出现狭窄.1例患者CT检查并未发现支架变形,但冠状动脉造影和IVUS检查发现支架内再狭窄;另1例患者CT检查可见支架膨胀不全,冠状动脉造影显示轻度狭窄,IVUS检查证实支架膨胀不全.CT显示冠状动脉前降支明显钙化,造影显示前降支高度狭窄,导管无法通过,最后行旋磨治疗.所有患者的IVUS检查都有轻、中度斑块,4例患者冠状动脉几乎完全闭塞,CT可见闭塞段的软组织影及血管,冠状动脉造影和IVUS检查也均得到证实.CT引导下的直接PCI策略,节省10 min操作时间和50 ml造影剂.结论 双源64层螺旋CT检查结果对判断冠状动脉病变程度及准确性并不亚于侵入性的冠状动脉造影,根据冠状动脉64层CT结果进行直接PCI是可行的.CT引导下的直接PCI策略,可节省时间和造影剂.