腰椎间盘突出与有无临床症状的影像对照研究

目的：探讨应用区域定位评分法研究腰椎间盘突出（膨出、突出、脱出）有临床症状与无临床症状的相关性及原因分析。方法：将符合要求的CT病理分型为膨出、突出、脱出的体检或住院或门诊患者120例,按有临床症状与无临床症状分为2组,每组按CT病理分型分3组,年龄20-59岁,平均38．5岁,有临床症状与无临床症状两组间在性别、年龄、病程及椎间盘分布节段差异均无统计学意义;应用区域定位评分法对各组评分;用游标卡尺分别测量矢状径指数（SI）、盘黄韧带前间隙、侧隐窝上口宽度、硬膜囊前后径。CT值由X线断层扫描测定,分别测量3次,取平均值。结果：④腰椎间盘突出有临床症状与无临床症状两组在SI、CT值、CT评分、硬膜囊前后径之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;在侧隐窝上口宽度、盘黄韧带前间隙之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②腰椎间盘突出有临床症状与无临床症状两组突出类型比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;腰椎间盘脱出有临床症状与无临床症状两组突出节段比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：①腰椎间盘突出大小、部位、类型不一定与临床症状存在必然关系,腰椎间盘突出症与压迫程度无正比关系;②椎管内突出髓核是否导致相应的临床症状存在着诸多或必然因素,可能与椎间盘突出物可代偿的椎管储备容量、受累神经根对机械压迫的逃逸避让与弹性延长功能,以及受累神经根低氧消耗与抗缺血性损伤代偿作用等因素有关。     

有关腰椎间盘突出症的几点看法

腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH或lumbar intervertebral disc herniation,LIDH))是指由于各种原因(退变、劳损、损伤等)导致腰椎间盘纤维环部分或全部破裂,髓核组织从破裂口向后突起或突出,刺激或压迫腰脊神经根、马尾神经而引起腰腿窜痛或膀胱、直肠功能障碍,即腰痛伴根性坐骨神经痛或二便功能障碍等症状者,也有人称为腰椎间盘纤维环破裂症或髓核脱出症[1]。腰椎间盘突出症是一种比较常     

腰椎间盘突出症的个性化治疗

目的：探讨腰椎间盘突出症个性化治疗的必要性及实用性,分析个性化治疗的临床疗效。方法：503例腰椎间盘突出症患者,根据椎间盘突出物的大小,纤维环是否破裂,椎间盘是否游离、脱垂,是否合并椎管狭窄、腰椎滑脱及是否伴有神经症状等,分别采用个性化的保守治疗、微创治疗、开放性手术治疗。其中393例获得随访,男189例,女204例;年龄23-76岁,平均44．6岁。210例保守治疗,145例微创治疗,38例开放手术治疗。根据Macnab标准对治疗结果进行疗效评定。结果：393例患者平均随访16个月（3个月一3年）。根据Macnab标准：显效346例,有效29例,无效18例,显效率88％（346／393）,有效率95％（375／393）,无严重并发症。保守治疗复发率18．1％（38／210）。微创治疗复发率9．6％（14／145）,开放手术复发率5.3％（2／38）。结论：保守治疗应用普遍,对轻症患者疗效可靠;微创治疗应用越来越广,有主流趋势;开放手术治疗适应证要求严格,传统手术方式受到挑战。个性化治疗适应证的选择是提高疗效的重要途径。     

腰椎间盘突出症的经络辨证

从病位与临床表现可见,腰推间盘突出症的证候归属于督脉、足少阳胆经、足太阳膀胱经、足少阴肾经病变,经络辨证分别为属督脉血瘀证、胆经湿热证、膀胱经风寒湿阻证、肾阳亏虚证,临床中可使用经络辨证指导推拿、针灸、内服中药等治疗方法,提高疗效。     

Intradural herniation of a lumbar intervertebral disc

Intradural disc herniation of an intervertebral disc is a rare occurrence. The clinical presentation varies in severity and a high level of suspicion is necessary to determine the diagnosis. This is a case report of an intradural disc herniation in a young male. A review of the literature identifying the pathophysiologic mechanisms of intradural disc herniation, diagnostic imaging techniques, and treatment is presented.     

腰椎间盘突出症治疗方法的选择

腰椎间盘突出症是一种常见病、多发病。根据腰椎间盘突出症不同的病理类型和不同的致痛机制,产生了众多的相应治疗方法,有人形象地将其称为“椎间盘超市”,大体可分为非手术治疗、手术治疗和微创治疗三大类。一个疾病具有如此多的治疗方法,一方面显示了人们的关注程度,     

无症状腰椎间盘突出再认识

腰椎间盘突出症确切致痛机制尚未完全明了，脊神经根的机械性压迫被认为与疼痛和特定节段神经功能障碍有关，然而无症状腰椎间盘突出的现象对此提出不同的解释。该文对近年来有关无症状腰椎间盘突出的机制进行了系统的研究，认为其与椎间盘突出物可代偿的椎管储备容量、受累神经根对机械压迫的逃逸避让与弹性延长功能，以及受累神经根低氧消耗与抗缺血性损伤代偿作用等因素有关。这将深化对下腰痛的理解并有助于相关领域的继续研究。     

少年腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨14岁以下少年腰椎间盘突出症发病机理和临床特征及治疗.方法 8例中,6例正规保守治疗,2例单侧开窗突出髓核及软骨板切除.结果 8例全部经5年以上随访疗效优良.结论 外伤是青少年腰椎间盘突出症的主要病因;症状与体征的不相平行是其临床特点;治疗上主张正规保守治疗,但少数保守治疗3月以上无效、症状体征重者,手术仍是治疗方法 之一.     

Butterfly vertebra with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation

A butterfly vertebra is a rare congenital anomaly that is usually asymptomatic. The authors, however, describe a novel case involving a butterfly vertebra overlapping with disc herniation that presented as radiculopathy. A butterfly vertebra is characterized by a symmetrical fusion defect resulting in a sagittal cleft vertebra. Only a few cases of butterfly vertebrae have been reported as incidental findings. This spinal anomaly may be associated with other congenital conditions such as Pfeiffer, Crouzon, Jarcho-Levin, and Alagille syndromes. Moreover, there is no previous report of a case associated with symptomatic disc herniation from the sagittal cleft. The authors excised the herniated disc fragment. They performed intraoperative discography after exposure of the corresponding intervertebral space via a conventional interlaminar approach. Histological examination of a tissue specimen showed scattered chondrocytes in the myxohyaline stroma, which indicated the nucleus pulposus.     

人工腰椎间盘置换术在腰椎间盘突出症治疗中的应用

目的 探讨人工椎间盘置换术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法。方法 应用德国LINK公司的人工腰椎间盘置换手术治疗6例腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中腰4.5椎间盘置换5例,腰5骰1椎间盘置换1例,全部病例均有神经根压迫症状,经MR或CT确诊。结果 6例患者术后经半年以上随诊,腰腿痛症状完全消失,术后4天下床活动,术后3个月检查置换椎间盘恢复活动。结论 人工腰椎间盘置换术适合55岁以下1～2个腰椎间盘病变的治疗,具有临床症状缓解迅速、彻底,能保持脊柱稳定和恢复腰椎间的活动,但应严格掌握手术适应证及手术的操作方法。     

腰椎间盘突出症的临床治疗进展

腰椎间盘突出症是因椎间盘退变、破裂、突出,压迫或刺激相邻组织所出现的综合征,系骨科常见疾病,也是患者产生腰腿痛的主要原因之一.     

巨大型腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的探讨巨大型腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗的效果。方法28例巨大型腰椎间盘突出症患者中,8例行单侧扩大开窗减压髓核摘除,6例行双侧开窗减压,6例行后路半椎板切除减压髓核摘除,8例行后路全椎板切除减压髓核摘除;28例均行椎弓根螺钉固定。16例行椎间自体髂骨植骨,12例行cage椎间植骨术。单侧椎间植骨融合14例,双侧椎间植骨融合14例。应用JOA评分评价患者手术前后及随访时的神经功能,观察植骨融合情况。结果2例硬脊膜撕裂,1例出现单侧神经根麻痹。JOA评分由术前(11.85±2.41)分提高到术后(25.34±3.23)分,优良率为83.78%。其中单侧开窗组评分由术前(11.60±2.30)分术后改善到(24.85±3.30)分,优良率83.06%;双侧开窗组由术前(11.50±2.40)分术后改善到(25.50±3.20)分,优良率81.12%;半椎板切除组由术前(11.71±2.34)分术后改善到(25.83±3.41)分,优良率86.36%;全椎板切除组由术前(11.92±2.53)分术后改善到(24.49±3.19)分,优良率80.00%。患者均获随访,时间18～66个月,随访期内26例获得骨性融合,融合率...     

钙化型腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的 探讨钙化型腰椎间盘突出症的临床特点及手术疗效。方法24例钙化型腰椎间盘突出症均行手术治疗。结果随访3～15个月(平均8个月)，优15例，良7例，可2例。结论钙化型腰椎间盘突出症是腰椎间盘突出症的一种特殊类型，一经诊断应尽早手术，疗效满意。     

腰椎间盘突出症的病理及临床分型

洛阳正骨医院,河南洛阳 471002 腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar disc herniation,LDH)是骨科临床常见病和多发病,是腰腿痛的常见原因.LDH的分型方法较多[1,2],本文就腰椎间盘突出症的病理及临床分型进行探讨,现简述如下.     

Immunohistological study of intervertebral disc herniation of lumbar spine

In order to observe histological changes in the extruded and sequestrated intervertebral disc, we conducted pathological and immunological examinations of herniated disc materials taken at the time of discectomy. There were 49 disc materials (from 38 men and 10 women [aged 19 to 78 years; average, 36.6 years]). The herniation was classified into four types, based on the intraoperative observations: protrusion (P), subligamentous extrusion (SE), transligamentous extrusion (TE), and sequestration (S). There were 19 P type discs, 3 SE type, 10 TE type, and 17 S type. The surgical specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, as well as immunohistological staining with the labelled streptavidin biotin method, using human T-cell , human B-cell, and human macrophage antibodies. Inflammatory-cell infiltration was observed at the border of the disc. These findings were present in 19 discs (70%) of the 27 discs of TE and S types (10 TE and 17 S types), but were not seen in the 22 discs of P and SE types (19 P and 3 SE types). Immunohistological staining of the area with inflammatory-cell infiltration revealed the presence of T cells and macrophages, which suggested that this cell infiltration originated from T cells and macrophages, and that the spontaneous resorption of the disc may have resulted from the phagocytic activities of these cells. Received for publication on June 1, 1998; accepted on Nov. 8, 1999     

高位腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的：探讨高位腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗方法。方法：37例高位腰椎间盘突出症患者中，男25例，女12例：年龄38～65岁，平均54．3岁；L1／2 7例，L2／3 13例；L3／4 17例。22例行双侧小关节切除自体小关节骨及cage后路椎间融合椎弓根钉内固定术，15例行前路椎间盘切除植骨融合钛板内固定术。应用JOA评分评价患者手术前后及随访时的神经功能，总结手术并发症，观察植骨融合情况。结果：后路手术患者中2例硬脊膜撕裂．1例椎弓根螺钉位置偏斜；前路手术患者中1例硬脊膜破裂，2例术后出现单侧神经根麻痹，1例术后出现难控制性呃逆。随访24～66个月，平均43．5个月，JOA评分由术前11．85±2．41分提高到随访时的25．34±3．23分，优良率为83．78％；其中前路手术者JOA评分由11．92±2．53改善到24．49±3．19分，优良率为80．00％；后路手术者由11．71±2．34改善到25．83±3．41分，优良率86．36％。无内固定物松动、断裂等并发症发生，后路手术者骨性融合率为95．45％，前路手术者骨性融合率为93．33％。结论：高位腰椎间盘突出症采用手术治疗是必要的，前或后路手术均可取得良好的疗效。     

腰椎间盘突出症术后的中远期疗效分析

Objective To investigate retrospectively the long-term results of discectomy for patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods From July 1988 to May 2003, 273 cases of 1040 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation undergone surgical treatment in our hospital were followed up. All patients were divided three groups according the time of follow-up. The follow-up time was three years as middle follow-up group (Ⅰ), five years as longer follow-up group(Ⅱ) and ten years and more as sup-longer follow-up group (Ⅲ). Sixty-eight cases(24.91%) were in group Ⅰ, including 42 males and 26 females, with the average age of 43.7 years (14-63 years). The group Ⅱ included 141 cases (51.65%), 92 males and 49 females, with the average age of 46.1 years (18-76 years). As group ⅡⅢ, 64 cases (23.44%) were included 46 males and 18 females, with the average age of 43.5 years (20-63 years). The standards Scoring System of Chinese Spinal Association (CSA) and Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) were used for investigation. Results According to CSA system, the total good and excellent rate of surgical treatment for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation was 89.0%. The percentage of the satisfactory of the group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were 92.6%, 91.5% and 79.7% respectively. There was significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. The score of JOA were 24.75±5.08, 22.43±6.55, 21.64±7.18 postoperatively, with significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Conclusion The mid-term results of surgery for patients with lumbar iutervertebral disc herniation is good, and the good and excellent rate decreases gradually with the follow-up time. The results were similar to each other for evaluation between the standard of CSA and JOA.     

腰椎间盘突出症术后的中远期疗效分析

Objective To investigate retrospectively the long-term results of discectomy for patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods From July 1988 to May 2003, 273 cases of 1040 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation undergone surgical treatment in our hospital were followed up. All patients were divided three groups according the time of follow-up. The follow-up time was three years as middle follow-up group (Ⅰ), five years as longer follow-up group(Ⅱ) and ten years and more as sup-longer follow-up group (Ⅲ). Sixty-eight cases(24.91%) were in group Ⅰ, including 42 males and 26 females, with the average age of 43.7 years (14-63 years). The group Ⅱ included 141 cases (51.65%), 92 males and 49 females, with the average age of 46.1 years (18-76 years). As group ⅡⅢ, 64 cases (23.44%) were included 46 males and 18 females, with the average age of 43.5 years (20-63 years). The standards Scoring System of Chinese Spinal Association (CSA) and Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) were used for investigation. Results According to CSA system, the total good and excellent rate of surgical treatment for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation was 89.0%. The percentage of the satisfactory of the group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were 92.6%, 91.5% and 79.7% respectively. There was significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. The score of JOA were 24.75±5.08, 22.43±6.55, 21.64±7.18 postoperatively, with significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Conclusion The mid-term results of surgery for patients with lumbar iutervertebral disc herniation is good, and the good and excellent rate decreases gradually with the follow-up time. The results were similar to each other for evaluation between the standard of CSA and JOA.     

椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：评价椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法：腰椎间盘突出症患者15例，男11例，女4例；平均年龄39．8岁。在椎间盘镜下行腰椎间盘髓核切除、椎板减压及神经根管扩大术。术前在X线机下，分别于病变节段上位棘突下缘、上位椎板下缘中点定位，置人内窥镜头。在椎间盘镜配套的监视器下咬除部分椎板下缘及黄韧带，扩大椎板间隙，清除椎间盘髓核组织，扩大神经根管。结果：本组除1例患者因术中硬膜囊破裂改为开放手术，其余14例平均手术出血量60ml，平均手术时问86min。本组平均随访时间13．2个月，按照Nakai评级，优11例，良3例，可1例。结论：椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症比常规手术方法视野清晰、创伤小、恢复快，基本保持了脊柱后柱完整。     

斜扳手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症

腰椎间盘突出症是腰腿痛的常见及重要的原因,80%~85%的患者用非手术疗法可以治愈或暂时缓解[1]。其中牵引、手法是重要的方法,手法中斜扳法在临床使用广泛,手法平稳,疗效好。侯筱魁等[2]称之为可获得最大、最合理的手法效果。但传统斜扳法存在不足,应用不当可能加重损伤。1腰椎