二代基因测序技术联合半乳甘露聚糖检测对重症肺炎合并真菌感染的诊断价值

目的 探究二代基因测序技术（NGS）联合半乳甘露聚糖（GM）检测对重症肺炎合并真菌感染的诊断价值。方法 选取2020年3月—2023年3月大庆龙南医院急诊重症监护室收治的重症肺炎患者148例。收集支气管肺泡灌洗液行病原微生物培养及肺泡灌洗液NGS检测,同期行血清GM检测。以病原微生物培养为金标准,分析血清GM及肺泡灌洗液NGS诊断重症肺炎合并真菌感染的敏感性、特异性,评估血清GM检测、肺泡灌洗液NGS检测单独及联合诊断重症肺炎合并真菌感染结果与病原微生物培养结果的一致性。结果 148例重症肺炎中合并真菌感染30例,其中肺孢子菌10例、白色念珠菌8例、曲霉菌7例、根霉菌1例、肺孢子菌感染合并白色念珠菌3例、肺孢子菌感染合并鲍曼不动杆菌1例。血清GM检测结果显示,阳性28例,阴性120例,与病原学培养诊断真菌感染的Kappa值为0.700。肺泡灌洗液NGS诊断结果显示,阳性34例,阴性114例,与病原学培养诊断真菌感染的Kappa值为0.841。血清GM联合肺泡灌洗液NGS诊断结果显示,阳性30例,阴性118例,病原学培养诊断真菌感染的Kappa值为0.916。血清GM、肺泡灌洗液NGS单独及联合诊断重症肺炎合并真菌感染的敏感性分别为73.3%（95% CI：0.538,0.870）、93.3%（95% CI：0.765,0.988）、93.3%（95% CI：0.765,0.988）,特异性分别为94.9%（95%CI：0.888,0.979）、94.9%（95% CI：0.889,0.979）、98.3%（95% CI：0.934,0.997）,曲线下面积分别为0.841、0.941和0.958。结论 血清GM联合肺泡灌洗液NGS诊断重症肺炎合并真菌感染,在肺孢子菌、白色念珠菌及曲霉菌等常见菌种中的诊断效能良好。     

纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗小儿难治性肺炎的效果评价

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗小儿难治性肺炎的效果。 方法 90例确诊为难治性肺炎的住院患儿,分为治疗组和对照组各45例。对照组患儿给予常规祛痰、抗感染、吸氧治疗,治疗组患儿在常规治疗的基础上再加纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗,比较治疗组痰液和肺泡灌洗液细菌培养结果以及两组患儿的治疗效果。 结果 治疗组经纤维支气管镜检查多数为支气管内膜炎,占68.89%(31/45)。肺泡灌洗液细菌培养阳性率为57.78%,痰液细菌培养阳性率为22.22%,两种标本的阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组有效率为86.67%,对照组有效率为53.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组白细胞计数及中性粒细胞百分比降低幅度大于对照组(P <0.05),治疗组的住院天数及后遗症的发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗过程中,未出现严重的并发症。 结论 纤维支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗小儿难治性肺炎安全、有效,值得临床推广。     

纤维支气管镜诊治新生儿肺不张24例临床分析

目的探讨纤维支气管镜在新生儿肺不张诊治中的应用价值。方法采用日本产OLYPUS BFXP40型纤维支气管镜(外径2.8mm,内径1.2mm)对24例新生儿感染性肺不张、疑胎粪吸入综合征及乳汁吸入后引起的肺不张进行纤维支气管镜检查并行支气管灌洗治疗,术后进行灌洗液的病原学检查。结果 24例肺不张患儿顺利完成32例次纤维支气管镜检查和治疗。15例肺炎肺不张患儿术中表现支气管内膜炎,气管支气管气道分泌物多或黏液栓阻塞,支气管肺泡灌洗液培养阳性10例,根据培养结果调整治疗后1周复查胸片均恢复正常,6例术前怀疑胎粪吸入综合征患儿,在纤支镜直视下给予支气管肺灌洗均有黄绿色黏液及黄色胎粪颗粒状物吸出,5例患儿临床症状明显改善,72h胸片恢复正常。3例乳汁吸入性肺炎吸出较多乳汁及白色黏液样分泌物经1次支气管肺泡灌洗后24h复查胸片肺不张均消失。本组的并发症主要为一过性低氧血症,灌洗后发热及声音嘶哑。结论纤维支气管镜检查术在新生儿肺不张诊断和治疗中有很大的价值,是一项安全而重要的检查技术,值得推广。     

支气管肺泡灌洗治疗在儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎的应用价值

目的 探讨支气管肺泡灌洗治疗在儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎中的应用价值。方法 以2017 年1月至2018年12月安徽省儿童医院确诊重症肺炎支原体肺炎的128例患儿为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组，每组各64例，对照组单纯给予基础治疗，治疗组在对照组基础上给予支气管镜检查及支气管肺泡灌洗治疗。比较两组患儿治疗效果、主要临床症状消失时间、住院时间、治疗后炎症指标水平的差异。结果 治疗组总治愈率为98.4%， 高于对照组的81.3%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗组主要临床症状（包括发热、咳嗽、肺部啰音）消失时间及住院时间均短于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。经肺泡灌洗治疗后，治疗组炎症指标（包括WBC、CRP、ESR、LDH、PCT）下降幅度均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 支气管肺泡灌洗治疗儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎效果明显，能显著促进临床症状及肺部体征改善。     

纤维支气管镜在新生儿呼吸系统疾病诊治中的应用

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜在新生儿呼吸系统疾病诊治中的应用。方法 选择2015年4月至2019年4月在安徽省儿童医院行纤支镜检查的50例新生儿作为研究对象,回顾性分析纤支镜检查结果、支气管肺泡灌洗结果以及手术前后相关指标的变化。结果 50例患儿中,18例（36.00%）表现为气促的新生儿肺炎和/或肺不张者,22例（44.00%）表现为持续喉喘鸣和/或吸气性呼吸困难者,10例（20.00%）表现为声音嘶哑和/或哭声低弱者。31例患儿进行支气管肺泡灌洗并送检病原学检测,其中,22例为阴性（70.97%）,9例为阳性（29.03%）。临床转归结果：痊愈2例（4.00%）,好转37例（74.00%）,无改善和/或加重11例（22.00%）。50例患儿术前、术中、术后的心率及血氧饱和度进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后第2天时,C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均较术前下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后1 h时,PO₂水平较术前升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。18例（36.00%）患儿出现低氧血症,2例（4.00%）发生支气管黏膜轻微出血,1例（2.00%）术后出现抽搐。结论 纤支镜在新生儿呼吸系统疾病中有较明显的诊治效果,术后预后较好,在该疾病的诊治中具有重要的应用价值。     

电子支气管镜诊断气管支气管结核110例分析

目的总结电子支气管镜对气管支气管结核的诊断意义。方法对110例气管支气管结核患者进行支气管镜镜下病理、刷检、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BAI．F）涂片及培养检查。结果110例气管支气管结核患者支气管镜检查刷检、BALF涂片及结核分枝杆菌（MTB）培养结果阳性率为36．4％、37．3％、42．7％。结论电子支气管镜诊断气管支气管结核比常规痰查MTB、痰MTB培养效率更高,效果更好。     

Fascin-1及CEA在非小细胞肺癌患者支气管肺泡灌洗液中的表达及意义

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌患者支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中Fascin-1检测的临床意义。方法 收集肺癌组60例及肺良性疾病组45例的BALF标本。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法检测BALF中的Fascin-1水平,采用放射免疫分析法检测BALF中的癌胚抗原（CEA）浓度。结果 肺癌组BALF中 Fascin-1及CEA水平均显著高于肺良性疾病组（P<0.01）。TNM分期中,有远处转移的肺癌Ⅳ期患者Fascin-1及CEA水平最高（P<0.05）,分期越晚,CEA浓度越高（P<0.05）。50例肺癌患者经治疗后,BALF中Fascin-1及CEA水平较治疗前有明显下降（P<0.01）。BALF中 Fascin-1水平与肺癌病理类型无关（P>0.05）。BALF中Fascin-1与CEA水平呈正相关（r=0.713,P<0.01）。结论 检测BALF中Fascin-1对于及时发现肺癌远处转移、估计预后、判断疗效具有重要的意义。     

难治性哮喘患者肺泡灌洗液病原体培养结果分析

目的 对难治性哮喘患者经气管镜肺泡灌洗液（BALF）病原体培养结果进行分析,以了解病原体分布及药物敏感性,指导抗菌药物治疗.方法 选取常规治疗无效的支气管哮喘患者60例行支气管肺泡灌洗术治疗,行BALF细菌培养及药敏试验.结果 60例患者BALF细菌培养阳性32例（53.3%）,其中革兰阳性球菌17例（53.1%）,革兰阴性杆菌11例（34.4%）,真菌4例（12.5%）.11例初始抗感染药物治疗效果不佳的患者,根据BALF培养结果调整治疗,均取得良好疗效.结论 支气管哮喘患者合并感染的病原体分布与社区获得性肺炎相似,以球菌占多数,BALF培养是获得病原体的有效方法.     

支气管结核经支气管镜冷冻治疗疗效及对免疫功能的影响

目的 观察支气管镜冷冻治疗支气管结核的临床疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法 选取经支气管镜检查确诊为肉芽增殖型支气管结核的83例患者,采用在2HR（L₂）ZE（S）/10HR（L₂）E全身抗结核和异烟肼注射液雾化吸入治疗的基础上,加用支气管镜冷冻治疗,观察治疗前后的支气管镜下改变情况、临床症状及T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况。结果 经支气管镜冷冻治疗后,显效率73.4%（61/83）,有效率26.6%（22/83）,总有效率为100%;气促分级显示治疗后患者气促症状较前明显好转（P<0.01）;发热时间、咳嗽、咳痰时间以及全身乏力消失时间较对照组明显减少（P<0.01）;治疗后发现观察组CD3⁺、CD4⁺和CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均明显高于治疗前和治疗后的对照组,而CD8⁺水平均明显低于治疗前和治疗后的对照组。结论 经支气管镜冷冻治疗支气管结核患者疗效确切,不良反应少,安全性高。     

动态监测支气管肺泡灌洗液中sTREM-1对重症肺炎患者病情及预后评价的意义

目的 探讨重症肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗液中可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1（sTREM-1）的表达及对重症肺炎患者病情及预后评价的意义。方法 将笔者医院重症监护室收治的60例重症肺炎患者作为病例组,重症医学科健康医护人员20例作为对照组,检测重症肺炎患者入科后0、1、3、7天支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF） sTREM-1、血清sTREM-1、前降钙素（PCT）和C反应蛋白（CRP）的水平,而对照组只检测一次上述指标,评价上述指标对重症肺炎患者预后的预测价值。结果 重症肺炎组患者灌洗液sTREM-1、血清sTREM-1、PCT和CRP的浓度明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。死亡组患者肺泡灌洗液sTREM-1、血清sTREM-1、PCT和CRP的浓度明显高于存活组（P<0.05）,肺泡灌洗液sTREM-1判断重症肺炎预后的敏感度为82.5%,特异性为81.0%,ROC曲线下面积为0.845,明显优于血清sTREM-1、PCT及CRP （P<0.05）。结论 肺泡灌洗液sTREM-1对重症肺炎患者预后的判断有重要价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.