The World of The Epileptic

Epilepsy in its various forms affects approximately one percent of the population. There are still many prejudices and restrictions imposed on the epileptic by a poorly enlightened public. In this article, an overview of the world of the epileptic is attempted with some comments on types of seizures, their acute and chronic treatment, and the general management of an epileptic patient. Comments are made on various aspects of epilepsy including personality traits, employability, education, car driving, insurance, marriage and child-bearing.     

98例甲状腺肿块的超声图象分析

本文报告98例经手术及病理证实的甲状腺肿块的B超声像图表现,B超诊断符合率为88.78%。文中就误诊原因及鉴别诊断进行了分析和讨论。     

B超在小儿肝母细胞瘤诊断治疗上的应用价值：附42例分析

本文报道B超诊断婴幼儿肝母细胞瘤42例。就其声象图特点进行了分析,根据不同超声特征分为二型(1)结节局限型(2)巨块弥漫浸润型。通过图象分析帮助临床医师制定手术治疗方案。本文还讨论了小儿中上腹部其它常见肿瘤的超声图象特点及与肝母细胞瘤的鉴别诊断问题。     

The toxicology of molluscicides. The organotins

Organotin compounds have found a wide range of uses. They have also been shown to be active in control of the snail hosts of the tropical disease, schistosomiasis. Development of this application requires definitive information on acute and particularly their chronic mammalian toxicity. The literature on their toxicology and pharmacology is therefore reviewed and also the data available on their behaviour in the environment, both with particular reference to those compounds which have shown promise as molluscicides. Future organotin molluscicide potential is discussed against this background and current thinking on methods for control of schistosomiasis.     

高锰酸钾溶液在水痘患者皮肤护理中的应用

目的：观察高锰酸钾溶液在水痘患者皮肤护理中的应用效果。方法将40例水痘患者随机分为观察组和对照组各20例,两组患者都使用抗生素和阿昔洛韦。对照组使用炉甘石洗剂涂擦,观察组使用高锰酸钾溶液进行洗浴,观察2组患者用药后24、48、72h皮疹消退及皮肤的瘙痒情况。结果在皮疹消退方面,用药后24、48、72h观察组明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）;在减轻痒感方面,用药24、48、72h观察组明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论高锰酸钾溶液应用于水痘患者的皮肤护理中,在减轻痒感、加速皮疹的消退方面有着十分显著的疗效。     

宫内妊娠残留物易误诊绒癌声像图分析

目的：探讨宫内妊娠残留物合并感染后二维声像图特点。方法：本文分析了经我科会诊的１２例误诊为绒癌病例。确诊后在超声引导下行清宫术，病理证实为宫内妊娠残留物。与已明确诊断为绒癌经手术及病理证实的子宫声像图为对照，进一步分析了两者易造成误诊的原因。结果：宫内残留物与宫腔关系密切。结论：对疑诊为宫内残留物者可用超声引导下宫腔探查的方法协助诊断及鉴别     

The history of antibiotics: The Japanese story

 It is well-known that Japan was the third country, after the United States and the United Kingdom, to become self-sufficient in penicillin manufacture, as early as 1948. Besides the production of penicillin, much effort was made nationwide in exploratory research on anti-infective, anti-cancer, and agricultural antibiotics, and also other bioactive microbial products. One can list upwards of 117 useful antibiotics and related agents of Japanese origin, and among them, 41 agents have been licensed out around the world. The first antibiotic from Japan was colistin (discovered in 1950) followed by well-known agents such as mitomycin C (1955), kanamycin (1957), bleomycin (1965), cefazolin (1969), amikacin (1972), piperacillin (1976), norfloxacin (1977), cefoperazone (1978), ofloxacin (1980), clarithromycin (1984), meropenem (1987), and others. The major group is the beta-lactam antibiotics (up to 15), followed by 7 fluoroquinolones and anti-cancer and agricultural antibiotics (4 of each). Noteworthy was the expansion of antibiotics research into bioactive microbial products, which led to the discovery of extremely beneficial agents for human quality of life (QOL), such as pravastatin for hyperlipidemia and tacrolimus for atopic diseases. It is to be expected that Japan will continue a high level of activity in exploratory research on beneficial chemotherapeutic agents in the twenty-first century. The Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (JSC), established in 1953, has played a central role for about a half century in the evaluation of novel agents discovered in Japan and those introduced from abroad. Besides the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents, both fundamentally and clinically, the JSC has taken an active part in the establishment of a variety of guidelines for chemotherapy and in the education of clinical scientists who have evaluated all agents of Japanese origin appropriately. Received: October 1, 2001 / Accepted: January 8, 2002     

The concept of palliative care in The Netherlands

Palliative care in The Netherlands is growing and the climate for further development is favourable. Although there is a great deal of consensus on the current debates within palliative care, important disagreements persist. These disagreements relate to the history of palliative care within the country, the scope of palliative care, its values, the appropriate institutional context, and the moral acceptability of euthanasia in palliative care. In this paper, the consensus and the disagreements are described and discussed. It is concluded that many disagreements emerge from so-called external goals of palliative care. It is recommended that the debate should refocus on the internal goal of palliative care, which is the quality of life of the patient and his or her loved ones.     

重组腺病毒r-caspase3的靶向性实验研究

目的:观察构建靶向性反向半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(r-caspase3)重组腺病毒对AFP表达阳性肝癌细胞凋亡诱导的效果和特异性.方法:采用AFP表达强阳性细胞HepG2、表达弱阳性细胞7721、正常肝细胞L-02以及AFP表达阴性乳腺癌细胞 MDA-MB-231,分别感染构建之重组腺病毒Ad-r-caspase3、Ad-E(AFP)P(ALB)/r-caspase3及Ad-P(ALB)/r-caspase3,SRB染色测定O.D值,计算细胞死亡率和IC50;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡指数.结果:HepG2、7721细胞对各腺病毒敏感程度为Ad-E(AFP)P(ALB)/r-caspase3>Ad-PALB/r-caspase3>Ad-r-caspase3;流式细胞术检测结果显示重组腺病毒Ad-E(AFP)P(ALB)/r-caspase3具有极强的凋亡选择性,AFP表达越强,凋亡指数越高.结论:靶向性 Ad-E(AFP)-P(ALB)/r-caspase3重组腺病毒具有肝细胞性肝癌凋亡选择性,同AFP表达呈正相关.     

阿利吉仑治疗高血压病的进展

阿利吉仑是第一个用于临床的口服直接肾素抑制剂.临床试验表明,作为单药治疗其降压效果与氯沙坦、厄贝沙坦、赖诺普利、雷米普利等降压药相当,与血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)、钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)或利尿剂等联合使用时,不仅提高了他们的降压作用,而且可减少其他药物的不良反应,且安全性和耐受性良好.本文简要综述了阿利吉仑在治疗高血压病方面的研究进展.     

α1—抗胰蛋白酶对急性肺损伤兔蛋白酶和表面活性物质的影响

目的观察α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)对内毒素致急性肺损伤兔蛋白酶和表面活性物质的影响.方法32只成年健康新西兰兔在给予定容机械通气基础上随机分成内毒素(LPS)组、LAV组(内毒素+α1-AT)、AT组(α1-AT)和生理盐水组(NS).稳定30分钟,监测每小时动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、静态总呼吸顺应性(TRC),4和8小时分别测定肺内动静脉分流(s/t).比较8小时后血浆α1-AT浓度和活性、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中总蛋白(TP)浓度、弹性蛋白酶(NE)样活性、α1-AT活性、总磷脂(TPL)和饱和磷酯酰胆碱(DSPC)含量等指标以及肺重/干重(W/D).结果动物静脉注射LPS后PaO2下降,氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)<26.7kPa(1kPa=7.5mmHg),TRC下降>50%,s/t增加>25%.与NS组相比,血浆α1-AT含量增高但活性下降;BALF中TP含量和NE样活性增加,α1-AT活性、TPL和DSPC/TPL下降;W/D增加.LAV组与LPS组相比,上述指标的变化明显改善PaO2和TRC的下降幅度较LPS组减小,血浆α1-AT含量和活性、BALF中α1-AT活性、TPL和DSPC%较LPS组增高;s/t、BALF中TP含量、NE样活性和W/D较LPS组降低.结论预防性静注α1-AT,可提高机体内的抗蛋白酶活性,抑制NE的活性,减轻了内毒素引起的肺组织损伤,减少肺泡表面活性物质的破坏,减轻动脉血氧分压的下降、静脉血分流和肺水肿.     

δ和κ阿片受体拮抗剂在治疗创伤低血容量性休克中的 …

目的：阐明介导创伤性休克的阿片受体亚型,并探讨相应的δ,κ阿片受体拮抗剂在治疗创伤低血容量性休克中的意义。方法：制造兔及大鼠的创伤低血容量性休克模型,休克兔分两部分进行实验。第１部分观察创伤低血容量性休克不同时间点,β－ＥＰ抗血清,δ－阿片受体拮抗剂ＩＣＩ １７４８６４及κ阿片受体拮抗剂Ｎｏｒ－ＢＮＩ,观察实验血流动力学,乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）,β－葡萄糖醛酸酶。     

“3S2E”护理管理及服务模式在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者中的应用

目的探讨"3S2E"护理管理模式在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者中的应用效果。方法选择2017年1—12月江苏省徐州市中心医院康复科收治的脑卒中伴吞咽功能障碍患者93例,将2017年1—6月的患者设为对照组(n=42),2017年7—12月的患者设为观察组(n=51),对照组患者住院期间、出院时给予常规护理措施及出院指导;观察组患者在对照组基础上实施"3S2E"护理管理模式,主要包括提高护理人员的业务技能、强化护理人员的服务意识、保障护理安全、对患者进行吞咽功能评估及健康教育。结果治疗4周后,观察组患者的吞咽功能障碍风险程度、吞咽功能障碍评分低于于对照组(P均0.05),观察组患者的误吸人次数和吸入性肺炎人次数均少于对照组(P均0.05),观察组患者血红蛋白、血清白蛋白水平高于对照组(P均0.05),且两组患者在护理满意度等级分布上存在统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 "3S2E"护理管理模式的实施,不仅改善了脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能,降低了患者不良事件的发生率,也提升了患者的护理满意度,保障了护理安全。     

右冠状位探查总胆管扩张的价值

本文报告经手术和病理证实的16例肝内外胆管扩张的病例,在腹部超声探查中,加作右侧冠状位扫查,能进一步准确的认识胆总管及清楚显示胆总管中下段梗阻的具体部位和原因,弥补了右上腹肋间和肋沿下扫查胆总管的不足。