Resources for pediatric drug information

Finding information on the use of drugs fro infants and children is becoming easier with the publication of excellent resources for pediatric and neonatal drug information. Useful pediatric texts and journals are listed. Texts are graded A and B. Category A books would be useful to include in a basic pharmacy library; Category B books are more comprehensive but expensive, or texts that are not as highly recommended as those in Category A. Some of the resources listed include: (1) Pediatrics--Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, Rudolph's Pediatrics, Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment, Manual of Pediatric Therapeutics; (2) Dosage Guides--The Pediatric Drug Handbook, Harriet Lane Handbook, Problems in Pediatric Drug THerapy; (3) Intensive Care--Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care; (4) Infectious Disease--Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, Pocketbook of Pediatric Antimicrobial Therapy; (5) Poisoning--Handbook of Poisoning, Medical Toxicology; (6) Parenteral Nutrition--Manual of Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition; (7) Pregnancy and Lactation--Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation; (8) Compounding--Handbook on Extemporaneous Formulation; (9) IV Administration--Guidelines for Administration of Intravenous Medications to Pediatric Patients; (1) Neonatology--Schaffers Diseases of the Newborn, Neonatology, Basic Management, On-Call Problems, Diseases, Drugs, Drug Therapy in Infants; (11) Pediatric Journals--Pediatrics, Journal of Pediatrics, American Journal of Diseases of Children, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Pediatric Alert, Clinics in Perinatology, Pediatric Clinics of North America, Pediatric Clinical Oncology Journal, and Pediatric Surgery.     

The FDA Drug Safety Bill: how safe are our drugs?

The world of drug safety is undergoing major changes in the US, Europe and elsewhere following several major drug withdrawals, billion dollar lawsuits, NGO studies of drug safety and widespread media attention in the US. Some of the events of the past few years are reviewed along with some of the reactions and changes in the FDA and the field of drug safety followed by the author's conclusions and views on the future of drug safety.     

FDA对处方药说明书[患者须知]的要求

美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)于2013年9月发布了"人用处方药和生物制品说明书[患者须知]部分内容和形式(草案)"的指导原则。介绍其中对[患者须知]内容和形式的要求并说明其产生的背景,特别是法律依据。目前我国处方药说明书专业性很强,没有设置[患者须知]项目,也无针对患者的说明书。综述了FDA该指导原则的主要内容,期望为打开我国说明书直面患者的大门起到一定的积极作用。     

美国FDA药品安全警示信息对我国的启示

以美国FDA在2011年发布的药品安全预警信息为基础,通过逐篇翻译并按影响安全性的因素、是否首次发布的警示信息、安全问题发现的途径以及风险控制措施进行分类统计,结果显示,FDA在信息发布方式、时机、内容和表达等方面值得我国借鉴,应结合国情考虑建立与完善我国的药品安全信息公开机制.     

FDA药品安全监管的PPP机制研究及启示

目的：为构建和完善我国药品安全监管公共部门和私人部门的合作伙伴关系,实现资源共享、优势互补、风险共担、利益分享,为公众提供更佳的公共产品和服务的公私合作伙伴机制（public-privatepartnership,PPP）提供建议。方法：运用文献综述法,首先对PPP机制的运行原理以及在药品安全监管中的作用进行理论分析,再对FDA药品安全监管PPP机制的运行模式及实践进行深入研究并得出启示,最后提出完善和构建我国药品安全监管PPP机制的对策与建议。结果： PPP机制在FDA药品安全监管中的应用收到了良好效果,减缓了药品监管部门的资金压力、构建了多种力量参与的药品安全监管网络、推进了医药管理制度改革。结论：我国应该借鉴FDA药品安全监管PPP机制的成功经验,既需要政府部门的有力支持,还要健全法律法规制度,要保证过程的透明和结果公开。     

美国药品安全信息发布及其对我国的借鉴

美国FDA药品安全信息发布形式多样,保证了信息的及时传达,具有指导临床合理用药的意义;而我国的药品安全信息发布途径有限,形式单一,信息传达的及时性受到限制。应当借鉴FDA的成熟经验,完善我国的药品安全信息发布体系。     

FDA对人用处方药和生物制品说明书儿科资料的要求

欧美都很重视药品说明书中的儿科资料,近年来相继发布了一些相关法规和指导原则。介绍美国食品药品管理局（FDA）对人用处方药和生物制品说明书中儿科资料的要求,期待引起相关部门的重视。建议我国药品上市许可持有人参考FDA对人用处方药和生物制品说明书中儿科资料的要求,丰富药品说明书中儿科信息,同时建议监管机构重视该问题并加强管理,从而确保儿科用药的安全有效。     

FDA药品安全监管体系的改革调整及启示

目的 介绍FDA药品安全监管体系的改革措施 .方法 通过对FDA药品安全监管体系多方面的文献研究,介绍其体系的改革措施及美国政府问责办公室和美国医学会对该体系的评价报告.结果 与结论 对该体系组织机构的调整进行总结,研究其对我国的启示.     

FDA Critical Path Initiatives: Opportunities for Generic Drug Development

FDA's critical path initiative documents have focused on the challenges involved in the development of new drugs. Some of the focus areas identified apply equally to the production of generic drugs. However, there are scientific challenges unique to the development of generic drugs as well. In May 2007, FDA released a document "Critical Path Opportunities for Generic Drugs" that identified some of the specific challenges in the development of generic drugs. The key steps in generic product development are usually characterization of the reference product, design of a pharmaceutically equivalent and bioequivalent product, design of a consistent manufacturing process and conduct of the pivotal bioequivalence study. There are several areas of opportunity where scientific progress could accelerate the development and approval of generic products and expand the range of products for which generic versions are available, while maintaining high standards for quality, safety, and efficacy. These areas include the use of quality by design to develop bioequivalent products, more efficient bioequivalence methods for systemically acting drugs (expansion of BCS waivers, highly variable drugs), and development of new bioequivalence methods for locally acting drugs.     

美国食品药品监督管理局短缺药品信息平台对我国的启示

目的：借鉴美国短缺药品网站的成熟经验,为完善我国短缺药品信息平台提供参考。方法：采用文献研究法,介绍美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）利用互联网络平台搜集和利用药品短缺相关信息的做法。结果：美国FDA网站的短缺药品信息平台,加强了药品短缺信息资源的搜集和利用,大大提高了政府解决药品短缺问题的效率,促进了公众对政府处理药品短缺问题的认知。结论：应当通过建立多主体参与的短缺药品信息沟通网络、强化生产企业上报潜在短缺药品信息的责任、定期发布药品短缺相关信息、建立药品短缺和临床必需药品数据库等方式,完善我国短缺药品信息平台的建设。     

FDA对药品说明书的药物滥用和依赖项目的撰写要求

美国食品药品管理局（FDA）于2019年07月发布了"人用处方药和生物制品说明书的药物滥用和依赖项目——内容和格式供企业用指导原则"（草案）。该指导原则介绍了撰写药物滥用和药物依赖项=目的一般原则以及对其中管制物质、滥用和依赖性3个小项的撰写要求。而我国目前尚无类似指导原则，详细介绍该指导原则，期望对我国说明书这部分内容的撰写和监管有帮助。     

FDA approves weight-management drug Contrave

On Sep. 10, 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Contrave （naltrexone hydrochloride and bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets） as treatment option for chronic weight management in addition to a reduced-calorie diet and physical activity.