自杀基因引导的旁观者效应对鼠膀胱癌的作用

目的研究单纯疱疹病毒胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶(herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, HSVtk)基因联合丙氧鸟苷(ganciclovir, GCV)治疗对膀胱癌的旁观者效应.方法用逆转录病毒载体HSVtk转染鼠源性膀胱癌细胞株T739,体外检测其对GCV的敏感性.将不同比例的T739和T739TK细胞共培养观察体外旁观者效应.在同基因鼠,将不同比例的T739和T739TK细胞混合建立膀胱癌腹腔肿瘤模型.当肿瘤B超显示0.5～0.8 cm,腹腔GCV给药6 d,然后观察肿瘤大小变化及动物存活时间.结果转染HSVtk基因的T739细胞对GCV的敏感性,RT-PCR分析证实TK基因mRNA的表达.细胞混合培养发现,当T739TK细胞占10%强时就可显示出明显的旁观者效应.在GCV的作用下,动物体内肿瘤生长受到显著抑制,动物存活时间明显延长,证明存在体内旁观者效应.结论转染HSVtk基因的鼠膀胱癌细胞可引导产生体内外旁观者效应,这种效应有助于加强 HSVtk/GCV系统对膀胱肿瘤的抗癌作用.     

逆转录病毒介导HSV-TK基因治疗膀胱癌及旁观者效应的观察

目的 观察HSV—TK／GCV治疗膀胱癌的体内效果及旁观者效应。方法 用逆转录病各感染鼠源性膀胱癌细胞T739，以不同比例的T739和T739TK细胞建立膀胱癌腹腔肿瘤模型，同时，在背部皮下以母代细胞T739建立皮下肿瘤，观察GCV治疗俯后肿瘤大小变化及动物存活时间。结果 动物存活时问随基因转移效率提高而延长，腹腔肿瘤生长受到抑制，背部肿瘤在50％以上转移效率时肿瘤生长缓侵。结论 HSlV—TK／GCV对膀胱癌的体内杀伤效应随基因转移效率提高，并存在远距离旁观者效应。     

HSV-TK/GCV系统致鼠膀胱癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨HSV-TK/GCV(单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因/丙氧鸟苷)系统杀伤鼠膀胱癌细胞T739的机理。方法T739与T739-TK细胞经0.25、4和8μg/ml的GCV处理后,分别观察细胞形态变化、DNA电泳和流式细胞仪检测等。结果经GCV处理过T739-TK细胞DNA电泳均发现阶梯状DNA,T739细胞电泳条带无特殊。流式细胞仪检测,T739-TK细胞均发现极明显的亚G1峰,而T739细胞无此峰发现。结论HSV-TK/GCV系统可诱导携有HSV-TK基因的T739细胞发生凋亡。     

HSV-TK/GCV系统治疗鼠膀胱癌细胞T739旁观者效应的实验研究

目的 为探讨HSV－TK／GCV系统治疗鼠膀胱癌细胞T739的旁观者效应。方法 台盼蓝染色计数法对GCV单独作用T739－TK细胞、T739细胞或其两者按不同比例混合在不同容积等情况下的杀伤作用进行研究。结果 HSV－TK／GCV系统有效的杀伤T739－TK细胞，且这种作用有明显的旁观者效应，旁观者效应的强弱与T739－TK细胞所占比例以及细胞间接触程度成正相关。结论 HSV－TK／GCV系统不仅能有效的杀伤T739－TK细胞，而且对T739细胞有明显的旁观者效应。     

AFP增强子驱动的HSV-TK/GCV自杀基因系统对肝癌细胞杀伤的实验研究

目的 探讨人AFP增强子驱动的单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶/丙氧鸟苷(HSV-TK/GCV)自杀基因系统体外靶向杀伤肝癌细胞效应.方法 构建人AFP增强子驱动的pAFP-CDNA3.1-TK自杀基因真核表达质粒,脂质体转染肝癌细胞,检测TK mRNA和蛋白表达.MTT法检测GCV对肝癌细胞的杀伤作用.结果 成功构建pAFP-CDNA3.1-TK自杀基因真核表达质粒,在AFP阳性HepG2细胞中检测到TK mRNA和蛋白表达,添加GCV 可特异性地杀伤HepG2细胞,而AFP阴性的SMMC7721细胞生长不受影响.结论 AFP增强子驱动的TK/GCV自杀基因系统可以靶向杀伤AFP阳性肝癌细胞.     

HSV-TK/GCV系统对鼠膀胱癌远距离旁观者效应的实验研究

目的探讨单纯疱疹病毒胸腺激酶(HSV-TK）基因联合羟基无环鸟苷(GCV)对体内膀胱癌的远距离旁观者效应的效果。方法将转染HSV-TK基因的膀胱癌细胞和未转染HSV—TK的膀胱癌细胞分别种植于小鼠双侧背部;给予GCV治疗,观察肿瘤的大小变化,小鼠存活天数改变,及膀胱癌细胞病理学改变。结果在HSV—TK/GCV系统作用下,转染HSV-TK的TK 肿瘤大小明显小于对照组,肿瘤生长受到抑制;但对侧未转染HSV-TK基因的TK-肿瘤产生远距离旁观者效应不明显。结论HSV—TK／GCV系统对体内其他部位未转染HSV-TK基因膀胱癌细胞产生远距离旁观者效应不明显。     

腺病毒介导TK/GCV基因系统联合肿瘤坏死因子对膀胱癌细胞的体外杀伤作用

目的 研究腺病毒介导TK/GCV系统联合肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-?)对膀胱癌细胞的体外杀伤作用.方法 采用含有TK基因、绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的复制缺陷腺病毒(adv )转染MB49细胞,观测转染率,RT-PCR检测转染细胞TK基因产物.以MB49细胞为对照,测定不同浓度TNF-?作用下MB49细胞、不同浓度GCV作用下MB49/TK细胞的存活率,采用GCV联合低浓度TNF-?对MB49/TK细胞进行体外杀伤研究;流式细胞仪检测TK/GCV、TNF-?、TNF-? TK/GCV对MB49细胞作用8 h后细胞凋亡情况.结果 随着浓度的增高GCV对MB49/TK细胞、TNF-?对MB49细胞的生长抑制率逐渐增高.GCV联合TNF-?对细胞杀伤率均较同浓度下单纯GCV及单纯TNF-?作用时的细胞杀伤率有明显增强,且随TNF-?浓度增高联合治疗组杀伤效率增强:单纯50 ?g/ml GCV组、5 ?g/ml TNF-? 50 ?g/ml GCV组、20 ?g/ml TNF-? 50 ?g/ml GCV组杀伤率分别(24.39±1.10)％、(40.05_ 0.97)％、(65.47±0.67)％.流式细胞仪检测细胞周期示TK/GCV、TNF-?、TK/GCV TNF-?组作用细胞8 h均可见典型sub-G1期细胞凋亡峰,联合作用组凋亡率最高.结论 TNF-?能明显增强TK/GCV自杀基因系统对膀胱癌的杀伤作用,两者联合能够有效促进膀胱癌细胞的凋亡.     

HSV1-TK基因转导人肺腺癌细胞A549体内外表达的研究

目的:观察TK基因转导A549细胞后在体外和体内的表达.方法:将已构建的逆转录病毒表达载体PLXSN-TK用电穿孔法转化A549细胞,原位杂交检测TKmRNA在A549-TK细胞和由它接种裸鼠形成肿瘤组织中的表达.斑点杂交检测外源基因在细胞中整合.并体外观察A549-TK细胞对GCV的敏感性.结果:原位杂交表明A549-TK细胞及由其所形成的肿瘤组织中TKmRNA表达阳性,对照细胞无表达,斑点杂交证明A549-TK细胞中有TK基因整合.A549-TK细胞对GCV的敏感性是亲代细胞的46倍.结论:TK基因在A549-TK细胞中表达阳性,转基因细胞对GCV敏感.     

RV-HSV-TK/GCV自杀基因系统治疗宫颈癌的实验研究

目的探讨单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶/丙氧鸟苷(HSV-TK/GCV)自杀基因系统对人宫颈癌细胞系Hela体外及体内的杀伤作用及其产生的旁观者效应.方法采用脂质体转染法将GINaTK载体转入包装细胞PA317.取病毒上清液感染人宫颈癌细胞Hela,得到带有HSV-TK基因的Hela/TK细胞,并将其分别用于体外和体内实验.体外实验中,Hela/TK细胞对丙氧鸟苷(GCV)的敏感性和旁观者效应采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定.动物试验中分别在BALB/C小鼠的右腋窝皮下按不同比例注射Hela/TK细胞和Hela细胞,然后给予GCV治疗.逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肿瘤组织中HSV-TK基因的表达情况.结果转染HSV-TK基因的Hela/TK细胞表现出比亲本Hela细胞更强的杀伤肿瘤效应.体外实验结果显示,当Hela/TK细胞数占混合细胞10%时,低浓度(10μg·ml-1)的GCV就可将50%左右的肿瘤细胞杀死.体内实验结果显示,GCV可明显抑制Hela/TK细胞在BALB/C小鼠体内的肿瘤形成.经GCV治疗后,Hela/TK组和混合细胞组肿瘤体积分别较对照组肿瘤体积缩小52.8%和69.4%(均P＜0.001).小鼠的平均生存期也显著延长(P＜0.001).结论逆转录病毒可介导HSV-TK基因转入人宫颈癌细胞Hela并获稳定表达,HSV-TK/GCV自杀基因系统在体内外对宫颈癌细胞均有杀伤作用,且存在明显的旁观者效应.     

体内转导逆转录病毒HSVtk基因对鼠膀胱癌生长的影响

目的:观测瘤体和腹腔内注射逆转录病毒载体HSVtk基因对膀胱癌的作用.方法:用鼠膀胱癌细胞(T739)分别建立鼠背部和腹腔肿瘤模型.含HSVtk基因的病毒上清瘤体和腹腔内注射,联合丙氧鸟苷(ganciclovir,GCV)治疗观察肿瘤大小及动物存活时间.结果:接种后约1周所有动物长出肿瘤.HSVtk/GCV处理后,组织原位杂交显示瘤细胞内HSVtk基因mRNA表达.背部和腹腔肿瘤生长明显受到抑制,动物平均存活时间延长(P＜0.05)结论:瘤体和腹腔内注射逆转录病毒载体能将HSVtk基因导入膀胱癌细胞,联合GCV治疗显示出较强的抑瘤效应.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.