内窥镜治疗肘管综合征

目的 探讨应用小切口内窥镜下作尺神经松解术治疗肘管综合征的经验和方法。方法切口：单纯尺神经松解术，沿尺神经沟作1cm直切口；尺神经松解 内上髁切除术，沿尺神经沟作3cm直切口。直视下切开肘管，显露尺神经，在圆筒状透明闭锁外套管内窥镜引导下，用推刀沿外套管沟槽切断屈肌—旋前肌深腱膜(deep flexor—pronator aponeurosis)和Struthers弓，肱骨内上髁远近端各松解减压达10cm。术后第2天开始肘关节即可作伸屈活动。结果 12例患者于术后随访3—27个月，以最后1次随访结果为准。肘部瘢痕小，术后半年环、小指感觉恢复正常，无1例复发。结论 本术式安全、简单，操作方便，皮肤切口小，组织创伤轻，术后平均10d即恢复日常工作。     

Segmental carpal canal pressure in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome

PURPOSE: To clarify which part of the median nerve is the most compressed and to compare carpal canal pressure with the latency of the sensory nerve potential and the duration of symptoms. METHODS: Fifteen patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were studied using a pressure guidewire system to record canal pressure. The wire was introduced from the distal end of the carpal canal to 2 cm proximal to the distal wrist crease (DWC) and then retracted in 5-mm increments using an image intensifier to guide the progress. A nerve conduction study was performed, and all patients were asked how long the symptoms lasted. RESULTS: Carpal canal pressure was significantly higher 5 to 15 mm distal to the DWC. The most compressed point was 10 mm distal to the DWC, with a pressure of 44.9 +/- 26.4 mm Hg. The correlation coefficient between the highest canal pressure and the latency was 0.393 and between highest canal pressure and duration of symptoms was 0.402. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the most compressed part of the median nerve in the carpal canal is 10 mm distal to the DWC. The carpal canal pressure was related to the latency and to the duration of symptoms.     

Surgical efficacy of carpal tunnel release for carpal tunnel syndrome in acromegaly: report of four patients

Although carpal tunnel syndrome is frequent in acromegaly, few acromegalics will be encountered by most hand surgeons. This paper considers the treatment of four cases of acromegaly in whom carpal tunnel syndrome arose, to discuss aspects of management of carpal tunnel syndrome in this patient group.     

Electromyographic evaluation after endoscopic carpal tunnel release in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome

The purpose of this study was to electromyographically evaluate results in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) who underwent endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). The subjects were 26 patients with idiopathic CTS (37 hands) who were followed for at least 6 months after ECTR. To compare results informatively, hands were classified into four groups: those with normal distal motor latency (DML) and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) were classified as group A, those with normal DML and abnormal SCV as group B, those with an abnormal DML and normal SCV as group C, and those with abnormal DML and SCV as group D. All but one of the hands were classified as group D on the basis of preoperative electromyographic evaluation, while one was classified as group C. The mean preoperative obtainable DML and SCV values were 7.2 m and 27.3 m/s, respectively. Postoperatively, 12 hands were in group A, 8 hands in group B, 2 hands in group C, and 15 hands in group D. The mean DML and SCV values at final follow-up were 4.3 ms and 40.8 m/s, respectively. Of the 25 hands with muscle atrophy before surgery, 6 hands were in group A, 5 hands were in group B, 1 hand was in group C, and 13 hands were in group D at final follow-up. Thenar muscle atrophy and denervation potentials were present before surgery in 13 of the 15 hands classified as group D at the final follow-up. Received for publication on June 23, 1998; accepted on Oct. 30, 1998     

显微技术在腕管综合征中的应用

1995年1月～2008年1月,我院应用显微技术作正中神经内减压、松解术和传统腕横韧带切开减压术各治疗腕管综合征31例,现将两种治疗方法的疗效报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料将62例腕管综合征患者随机分为A、B两组,每组31例。A、B两组术前情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,具有可比性,见表1。     

腱鞘囊肿并神经鞘囊肿致肘管综合征1例

1病例资料患者,男,64岁。因右手活动受限伴环指尺侧及小指麻木6个月,于2008年1月12日人院。查体：右肘部外观无畸形,未触及异常包块。右肘关节活动度：伸直0°,屈曲120°。右手小鱼际肌萎缩,骨间肌萎缩,右手环指尺侧及小指痛触觉减退,示指、环指和小指外展功能障碍,夹纸试验阳性。X线片示：右肘关节退行性变。肌电图提示：     

Self-administered hand symptom diagram for carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis

In a prospective case series in Singapore we studied whether a hand symptom diagram can be used to predict carpal tunnel syndrome as defined by standardized clinical and neurophysiological protocol. Forty patients (mean age, 48 years, range 18-76) with carpal tunnel syndrome found it difficult to complete the hand diagram, and only four patients were able to mark it helpfully. There was no relation between drawings, clinical and neurophysiological parameters. A self-administered hand symptoms diagram is not useful for supporting a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome amongst Singaporeans. Cultural factors may significantly influence subjective assessment scales such as the self-administered hand symptom diagram, which has been found effective in North American populations.     

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to pyogenic tenosynovitis

We report a case of acute carpal tunnel syndrome related to a spontaneous pyogenic tenosynovitis and a review of this clinical condition.     

肘管综合征的解剖和病因学探讨

[目的]探讨肘管综合征的解剖特点和发病原因。[方法]对65例肘管综合征患者的临床资料和术中所见,以及其中25例患者术前肌电图检查的结果进行综合研究分析。[结果]术中见60例患者存在肘管弓状韧带的肥厚增生,卡压磨损尺神经导致炎性病变;术前肌电图检查发现25例患者的尺神经传导速度均减慢,平均传导速度为27.97m/s;运动反应波幅降低,平均电压为1.95mv;潜伏期延长,平均时间为5.41ms;65例肘管综合征患者,继发于肘部创伤25例,慢性劳损15例,慢性骨关节炎14例,占位病变5例,先天异常有6例。[结论]肘部的创伤及慢性劳损可以导致肘管弓状韧带出现肥厚增生,引起尺神经卡压磨损,这是肘管综合征最常见的病因;其他病因还包括慢性骨关节炎,占位病变和先天异常;尺神经可被机械性卡压和磨损,出现慢性缺血缺氧,导致肘管综合征的发生;详细的体格检查和术前的肌电图检查是诊断肘管综合征的主要手段,在诊断时应注意该病与其他部位迟发性尺神经麻痹的鉴别。     

A longitudinal study of predictors of research-defined carpal tunnel syndrome in industrial workers: findings at 17 years

In 1984, we initiated a prospective study of factors associated with research-defined carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in 471 industrial workers. Medical history, lifestyle factors and job tasks were assessed by questionnaire and CTS case status was based on both symptoms and electrophysiologic findings. Participants were re-examined in 1989, 1994 to 1995 and 2001 to 2002. This study reports both baseline and aggregated risk factors associated with increased risk of CTS by 2001 to 2002 for 166 participants successfully re-examined after 17 years. In analyses of baseline risk factors, fewer repetitive tasks at work, female gender and greater relative weight were associated with any occurrence of CTS during follow-up. In analyses of aggregate risk factor scores through 1994 to 1995, only greater relative weight and female gender were associated with CTS in 2001 to 2002. Although obesity and gender are consistent predictors of CTS, workplace demands appear to bear an uncertain relationship to CTS. These findings are also discussed in relation to the possible differences between research-defined CTS and medically referred CTS.     

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the cubital tunnel

PURPOSE: Ulnar neuropathy at the cubital tunnel (UCT) is diagnosed on the basis of history, physical examination, and nerve conduction studies (NCSs); however, the wide spectrum of findings often makes the diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this study was to document the ultrasonographic differences in ulnar nerve size between patients with UCT and control subjects, and to correlate those differences with clinical examination findings and NCS abnormalities, thereby testing the validity of ultrasound (US) as an additional adjunct diagnostic modality for UCT. METHODS: Fifteen elbows in 14 patients with symptoms, clinical examination, and NCS findings consistent with UCT had US of the ulnar nerve. Patients were excluded if they had a history of polyneuropathy, acute trauma involving the upper extremity, previous trauma in the region of the elbow (including previous surgery), or brachial plexus injury. The control group consisted of 60 elbows from 30 normal volunteers that also had US. Maximal cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were measured and compared for the 2 groups and a correlation analysis was performed between nerve size and NCS findings. RESULTS: The average CSA of the ulnar nerve was 0.065 cm(2) in the control group, whereas in the UCT group it was 0.19 cm(2), indicating a significant statistical difference in ulnar nerve size between the 2 groups. The Pearson correlation coefficient between motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve and the CSA was 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution US is a noninvasive, safe, and reliable modality for imaging the ulnar nerve at the elbow and it may provide a valuable adjunct to NCS in the diagnosis of UCT.     

Endoscopic cubital tunnel release

A minimally invasive endoscopic approach has been successfully applied to surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. This procedure allows for smaller incisions with faster recovery time. This article details relevant surgical anatomy, indications, contraindications, surgical technique, complications, and postoperative management.     

老年人肘管综合征九例分析

目的探讨老年性肘管综合征的病因、诊断、鉴别诊断和手术疗效。方法对１９８９～１９９５年手术的９例６０岁以上肘管综合征的病因、症状、手术发现和远期随访结果进行分析研究。结果Ｘ线片显示：９例有Ｃ４，５，Ｃ５，６椎间隙狭窄、骨质增生，但部位均不在Ｃ８Ｔ１。３例曾因幼时外伤而致肘关节不能完全伸直或过伸；２例肘部尺神经滑脱；４例肘外翻畸形。９例就诊时间均在晚期，作尺神经前置术后平均随访２．５年，完全恢复７例，明显改善２例；手部肌力改善４例；爪形手畸形消失２例，无改善２例；但手内肌萎缩均无明显恢复。结论对老年性肘管综合征患者要强调和颈椎病的鉴别诊断，注意肘关节有无畸形，一旦确诊应及早手术，以提高治疗效果。     

The clinical significance of the palmaris longus tendon in the pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with increased intracarpal canal pressure. The effect of tendon loading on intracarpal canal pressures is documented in biomechanical studies. Palmaris longus loading in wrist extension induces the greatest absolute increase in intracarpal canal pressure. Despite this fact, the palmaris longus is not yet a proven independent risk factor for the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to assess and quantify the association between the presence of a palmaris longus tendon and carpal tunnel syndrome. Thirty-six carpal tunnel subjects with bilateral disease were compared with 36 controls. Each subject was clinically examined for the presence of the palmaris longus tendon. The prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis was significantly lower in the carpal tunnel group. The palmaris longus tendon is a strong independent risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome.     

Giant clinodactyly and macrodactyly of the hand associated with carpal tunnel syndrome

Abstract

Macrodactyly is a rare congenital deformity of the extremities, and with clinodactyly is even rarer. Both conditions may also be associated with a lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve. We report an adult woman with clinodactyly and macrodactyly of the fourth and fifth fingers of her left hand associated with a carpal tunnel syndrome.     

腕管切开松解减压术

腕管切开松解减压术一直被认为是外科治疗腕管综合征的经典方法，于1913年由Marie和Foix最先提出。其术式甚多，优、缺点各异，操作也有简有繁。现结合腕部神经解剖特点，将每一种术式归纳复述如下。