丁丙诺啡用于开胸术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛

丁丙诺啡是一种新型强效镇痛药，镇痛作用强，持续时间长，对呼吸、循环影响轻微。本文对开胸手术后病人行丁丙诺啡硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)，取得良好效果。     

芬太尼与丁丙诺啡用于术后镇痛的比较

目的比较芬太尼、丁丙诺啡用于病人硬膜外镇痛的效果及不良反应。方法将80例行下腹部手术、ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级患者,随机分为A、B两组,每组40例,A组选用芬太尼0.5mg+氟哌啶2~3mg+布比卡因100mg+生理盐水100ml。B组:丁丙诺啡0.75mg+氟哌啶2~3mg+布比卡因100mg+生理盐水100ml。两组均采用驼人CBI泵(100ml),以负荷量5ml+持续剂量2ml/h进行镇痛。结果两组镇痛效果无明显差异。结论芬太尼与丁丙诺啡是两种安全强效镇痛剂,维持时间长,副作用少,是较为理想的术后镇痛剂。     

盐酸丁丙诺啡在硬膜外自控镇痛的应用

丁丙诺啡为合成的阿片类化合物,属较强效麻醉性镇痛药,镇痛效果确实,本研究通过与吗啡比较,观察丁丙诺啡病人自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)术后镇痛效果及不良反应。资料与方法一般资料选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级妇科肿瘤手术病人40例,年龄20~60岁,体重40~65 kg,随机将病人分为两组,每组20例:A组丁     

丁丙诺啡的药理与术后镇痛

丁丙诺啡是阿片受体激动一拮抗剂,与吗啡相比它镇痛强度大,呼吸抑制、便秘等副作用轻,药物依赖性小等特 点,在临床上日益受到重视。本文就丁丙诺啡的药效学特征、不良反应及其在术后镇痛中的应用作一综述。     

国产丁丙诺啡用于肿瘤术后镇痛的比较

目的 :观察国产丁丙诺啡、吗啡、芬太尼用于肿瘤术后镇痛效果及不良反应。方法 :72例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级肿瘤术后病人。其中男 4 2例 ,女 30例 ,年龄 1 8～ 6 8岁。将 72例肿瘤术后病人随机分为三组 ,每组 2 4人。A组用 0 .0 0 0 4 %芬太尼 + 0 .1 2 5%布比卡因 + 0 .0 0 5%氟哌啶 ;B组用 0 .0 0 5%吗啡 + 0 .1 2 5%布比卡因 + 0 .0 0 5%氟哌啶 ;C组用 0 .0 0 1 2 %丁丙诺啡 + 0 .1 2 5%布比卡因 + 0 .0 0 5%氟哌啶。采用双盲法对比观察。三组均用 0 .9%的生理盐水加至 1 0 0ml。采用Graseby - 930 0便携式PCA泵 ,负荷量均为 2 %的利多卡因 5ml,PCA量为 1ml,持续量为 2ml/h ,锁定时间 2 0min ,1h限量 8ml,调整完毕 ,设置密码 ,于手术结束前 1 0min注入负荷量后与硬膜外导管连接开机。注意观察病人生命体征及病人按压次数。结果 :术后 2 4h三组病人的VAS评分如下 :A组 4 .79± 1 .59,平均按压次数 6 .7次 ;B组 3.0 5± 1 .0 2 ,平均按压次数 3.1次 ;C组 2 .70± 0 .95,平均按压次数 1 .7次 ,三组镇痛效果均达满意 ,但A组较高 ( P <0 .0 5) ,B、C两组基本接近 ,病人平均按压次数明显少于A组 ,提示B、C两组镇痛效果较好。三组不良反应发生率为B组 >A组 >C组。其中瘙痒B组最为明显。因部分病人留置尿管 ,尿潴留未做     

硬膜外丁丙诺啡或吗啡术后镇痛的临床观察

本文对子宫切除术后采用硬膜外腔丁丙诺啡或吗啡两种镇痛方法，今将镇痛效果报道如下。     

不同剂量丁丙诺啡术后硬膜外镇痛的比较

丁丙诺啡用于术后病人硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)，其用药剂量多家报道不一，亦存在一些不良反应。本研究以五组等幅递增的不同剂量丁丙诺啡PCEA，观察其镇痛效果和不良反应，以探求较适当的丁丙诺啡PCEA的剂量。     

曲马多与吗啡病人自控镇痛的临床效果比较

目的　比较曲马多和吗啡病人自控镇痛 (PCA)对经腹全子宫切除术病人的镇痛效果。方法　 4 0例病人进行随机、双盲研究。吗啡组 (M组 )PCA单次给药量吗啡 1mg ;曲马多组 (T组 )PCA单次给药量曲马多 2 0mg ;锁定时间均为 10min。术后 4、8、12、2 0、2 8、36h分别观察BP、HR、RR、疼痛评分 (VAS)、恶心、呕吐、镇静评分、眩晕、口干等不良反应。结果　曲马多组与吗啡组病人镇痛效果相似。术后 2 4h曲马多组恶心、呕吐发生率高于吗啡组 (分别为 2 9%vs 11% ,P <0 0 5 ;16 %vs 4 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;吗啡组产生的镇静作用大于曲马多组 (第一个 2 4h为 34%vs 14 % ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　PCA曲马多对经腹全子宫切除病人可提供满意的镇痛效果 ,但恶心、呕吐的发生率较高     

Patients'' expectations of patient-controlled analgesia

Patient-controlled analgesia is an increasingly popular method of postoperative pain relief. However, patients often worry about new therapies. Eighty ASA 1 and 2 patients aged 18-65 years were asked to list the advantages and disadvantages of using patient-controlled analgesia. The most important advantage as perceived by patients was the reduced time spent by nurses in giving medication, but there was concern that direct personal contact would also be lessened. Preservation of self control, autonomy, rapid onset of analgesia, ability to titrate analgesia and lack of injections were seen as an advantage. Addiction and machine faults were seen as minimal problems. Preservation of patient-nurse contact is of great importance to ensure success of postoperative analgesia.     

腹部手术后患者静脉输注丁丙诺啡镇痛的可行性

目的 评价腹部手术后患者静脉输注丁丙诺啡镇痛的可行性.方法 采用多中心、随机、开放、平行、阳性药物对照进行研究,择期全身麻醉下行腹部手术患者200例,年龄18～64岁,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,性别不限,体重50～100 kg,随机分为丁丙诺啡组(B组)和芬太尼组(F组),每组100例.2组术后分别静脉输注丁丙诺啡0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1、芬太尼0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1.采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)评价术后6、12、24、36和48 h的疼痛程度,于各时点行镇静评分及Prince-Henry评分,监测心率、呼吸频率(RR)和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),记录不良反应的发生情况.结果 与F组比较,B组各时点VAS评分、镇静评分和Prince-Henry评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),恶心发生率较低(P＜0.05);两组各时点RR和SpO2差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉输注丁丙喏啡0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1可有效缓解腹部手术后患者疼痛,且不良反应少.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

目的 评价子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控.靶控镇痛(PCA-TCI)的安全性和有效性.方法 择期经腹子宫切除术病人60例,ASA I或Ⅱ级,年龄20-59岁,体重45-75 kg术毕采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)评价疼痛程度,随机分为3组(n=20),I组VAS评分=0时进行PCA-TCI,初始血浆靶浓度为0.08 μg/L;Ⅱ组VAS评分≥2分时进行PCA-TCI,初始血浆靶浓度为0.08μg/L;Ⅲ组VAS评分≥2分时进行PCA-TCI,初始血浆靶浓度为0.1 μg/L;PCA锁定时间为6 min.于PCA-TCI启动前即刻(T0)和启动后1 h(T1)、2 h(T2)、4 h(T3)、8 h(T4)、16 h(T5)和24 h(T6)时,记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼吸频率(RR)、VAS评分和脑电双频谱指数(BIS).于T1～6时记录总按压次数(D1)和有效按压次数(D2).记录术后24 h内舒芬太尼用量和不良反应发生情况.结果 各组各时点HR、MAP、RR和SpO2均在正常范围内,BIS均大于85,组内和组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与T0时比较,I组T1～6时VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组T1～6时VAS评分降低(P<0.05).与l组比较,Ⅱ组T0～2时和Ⅲ组T0.1时VAS评分升高,Ⅱ组术后0～2 h时和Ⅲ组术后0～1 h时D1和D2升高,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后24 h内舒芬太尼用量升高(P<0.05).各组病人术后均未见心动过速、心动过缓、低血压、呼吸抑制和镇静过度等的发生.结论 子宫切除术后舒芬太尼PCA-TCI是安全、有效的,在术后疼痛尚未出现时进行PCA-TCI,且初始血浆靶浓度为0.08μg/L的镇痛效果更好.     

Comparison of ropivacaine-fentanyl patient-controlled epidural analgesia with morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for perioperative analgesia and recovery after open colon surgery

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of ropivacaine-fentanyl patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with morphine intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. SETTING: Five university-affiliated hospitals. PATIENTS: 41 patients undergoing colon surgery. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to receive either standardized combined epidural/general anesthesia followed by PCEA with ropivacaine 0.2% and fentanyl (2 microg/mL) or standardized general anesthesia followed by morphine IV PCA. All patients participated in a standardized postoperative clinical pathway. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Analgesia was assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Postoperative recovery was assessed by completion of prospectively defined discharge milestones and time until discharge. Statistical analyses included nonparametric and contingency table analyses. The PCEA group had better analgesia (> 50% reduction in pain scores, assessed both at rest and during a cough) for the first 3 days after surgery (p < 0.0,005). The PCEA group achieved discharge milestones approximately 36 hours faster (p < 0.002), but time until discharge was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ropivacaine-fentanyl PCEA provides superior analgesia, reduced opioid requirement, and more rapid recovery after colon surgery.     

剖宫产术后经静脉芬太尼自控镇痛对催乳素的影响

目的 观察剖宫产术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛对血浆催乳浓度的影响。方法 ２１例择期行部宫产术孕妇,随机分成镇痛组（ｎ＝１１）和对照组（ｎ＝１０）。镇痛组在剖宫产术后,采用病人自控静脉镇痛（ＰＣＩＡ）给予芬太尼,芬太尼持续剂量１０～１５μｇ．ｈ＾－１,ＰＣＡ剂量为１０μｇ,１ｈ限量１３０μｇ,镇痛时间２４ｈ。采用放射免疫法测血闪催乳素（ＰＲＬ）浓度,视觉模拟评分法（ＶＡＳ）估计镇痛效果。结果 镇痛组ＶＡＳ     

子宫切除术病人术前鞘内注射不同剂量吗啡复合芬太尼术后镇痛效果的比较

目的 比较子宫切除术病人术前鞘内注射不同剂量吗啡复合芬太尼的术后镇痛效果.方法 择期行全子宫切除术病人40例,年龄19 ～ 60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为2组(n=20),采用脊椎-硬膜外联合阻滞,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组术前鞘内分别注射吗啡0.5 mg+芬太尼15 μg、吗啡0.2 mg+芬太尼25 μg.术后48 h内VAS评分≥3时静脉注射吗啡0.05 mg/kg进行补救镇痛,记录术后恶心、呕吐和皮肤瘙痒的发生情况.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术后镇痛补救率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后恶心、呕吐和皮肤瘙痒的发生率降低,排气时间缩短(P＜0.05).结论 与术前鞘内注射吗啡0.5 mg+芬太尼15 μg比较,子宫切除术病人术前鞘内注射吗啡0.2 mg+芬太尼25 μg在提供等效术后镇痛效果的前提下,安全性好,且有利于胃肠道功能恢复.     

Continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine-fentanyl versus patient-controlled analgesia with i.v. morphine for postoperative pain relief after knee ligament surgery

BACKGROUND: Both epidural analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) have been found efficacious after various types of surgery. We compared the efficacy, safety, side effects and patient satisfaction of these methods in a randomized double-blind fashion after elective anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of the knee. METHODS: Fifty-six patients had an epidural catheter placed at the L2-L3 interspace. Spinal anaesthesia with 15 mg of plain bupivacaine 5 mg/ml was performed at the L3-L4 interspace. After surgery the patients were randomly divided into three groups: 19 received a continuous epidural infusion with bupivacaine 1 mg/ml and fentanyl 10 mg/ml (F10), 19 patients received bupivacaine 1 mg/ml and fentanyl 5 microg/ml (F5) and 18 patients received saline (S). The rate of the epidural infusions was 0.1 ml kg(-1) h(-1). Each patient could also use an intravenous (i.v.) PCA device with 40 microg/kg bolus doses of morphine with a lockout period of 10 min and a maximum dose 240 microg kg(-1) h(-1). At the end of surgery ketoprofen 100 mg i.v. was given and continued orally three times a day. Patients were assessed for pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and during activity, side effects and satisfaction at 3, 9 and 20 h. RESULTS: Both epidural infusions (F10, F5) provided better analgesia than epidural saline plus i.v. PCA (S) (P<0.05). There was slightly less nausea in the S group (NS). In spite of the difference in the quality of pain relief, there was no difference between the groups in patient satisfaction regarding analgesic therapy. CONCLUSION: Epidural infusion of fentanyl (1 microg kg(-1) h(-1) or 0.5 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) and bupivacaine (0.1 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) provided better pain relief but more side effects than intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia after knee ligament surgery. Almost all patients in all groups were satisfied with their pain relief.     

Variables of patient-controlled analgesia 1. bolus size

The efficacy of a range of demand doses of morphine for patient-controlled analgesia was studied. Patients who self-administered the smallest dose (0.5 mg) were frequently unable to achieve good pain control; patients who received the largest dose (2 mg) had a high incidence of ventilatory depression. A dose of 1 mg was the best increment under the conditions of this study but the relationship between increment and lockout interval requires consideration.     

不同配伍芬太尼术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛效应的比较

目的：采用硬膜外病人自控镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）技术，对不同配伍芬太尼术后镇痛效应进行了研究。方法：１００例（ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级）手术病例随机分成三组，Ｆ组（ｎ＝２０）：用０．０００４％芬太尼＋０．１５％丁哌卡因；ＢＦ组（ｎ＝４０）：用Ｆ组药液＋０．０００９％丁丙诺啡；ＭＦ组（ｎ＝４０）：用Ｆ组药液＋０．００５％吗啡；采用双盲法对比观察。结果：术后２４小时三组病人ＶＡＳ评级Ｆ组最高（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＰＣＥＡ总按数／实进数（Ｄ／Ｄ）比值在０～２范围内的病例数，ＭＦ组≈ＢＦ组＞Ｆ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示ＭＦ、ＢＦ组镇痛效果较好。三组病人ＰＣＥＡ期间呼吸、循环无明显变化，恶心、呕吐等并发症较低（２．５％～５．０％），后两组有１０％～１５％病人嗜睡。结论：选择芬太尼和丁哌卡因行ＰＣＥＡ时，复合小剂量吗啡（０．００５％）或丁丙诺啡（０．０００９％）其镇痛效果更好。