《分子生药学》课程开设的实践与思考

分子生药学是集多学科交叉一门新课程,必须具备遗传学、生物化学、生药学、分子生物学相关知识。本文从我校本科生、研究生中开设分子生药学课程的实践出发,分析教学现状和存在的问题,提出推进课程建设的思路,以期为中医药院校分子生药学课程的开设与建设提供借鉴。     

军医院校专业学位硕士研究生临床能力的定量考核

军队医学高级专门人才的培养质量影响列国防卫生事业建设的长远发展.树立质量第一思想,加强培养质量管理,进一步提高军医院校硕士生培养质量水平是军队医科院校研究生教育的一项战略性任务[1].临床专业学位硕士研究生培养目标侧重于从事临床实际工作的能力,以培养高级临床医师、口腔医师等应用型人才为主[2].他们应具有临床工作或独立担负某项专门技术工作的能力.基于目前军医院校专业学位研究生临床能力培养和管理中存在的问题,我们提出了军医院校专业学位硕士研究生临床能力定量考核办法.     

中医儿科硕士研究生三段式培养模式刍议

讨论中医儿科硕士研究生教育的培养模式问题,采取划分3个阶段,分别拟定培养计划进行培训管理,从基础课学习阶段、临床实习阶段(实验阶段)、毕业论文撰写阶段等方面进行阐述,采用统一管理、科学培养研究生的模式,导师负责制与科室统一管理相结合,科室内与科室外轮转相结合,注重实效,依据个人基础,制定个体培养计划,致力于培养素质高、技能精、能力强的高级中医药人才.     

长叶竹柏叶的生药鉴定

目的 通过生药学研究方法,对长叶竹柏叶的生药学特征进行研究,为今后的研究工作打下一定基础.方法 通过性状鉴定、显微鉴定方法,采用显微照相技术,对长叶竹柏叶的性状和显微特征进行了研究,从原植物性状、药材特征、显微特征等方面,对长叶竹柏叶的生药学特征进行了描述,为长叶竹柏的生药学系系统研究提供了依据.结论 叶的显微特征具有鉴别参考的意义.     

关于军事院校药学研究生培养的思考

随着社会改革不断深入,以学术研究为导向的研究生培养与社会“多元化”需求逐渐不相适应.本文从求学与就业、考核指标、课题研究等方面,阐述了研究生培养的困境,并提出军事院校药学研究生教育应以提升培养质量为中心,导师与研究生统一目标,注重核心价值观教育以及实践能力的培养.     

多媒体技术在生药学教学中的运用与体会

生药学是一门研究生药的名称、来源、生产、采制、鉴定、化学成分、医疗用途及资源开发利用等方面的综合应用学科,其核心内容是研究生药的真伪优劣鉴别.由于生药的图像资料多,实践性强,理论教学涉及多种药材的形态、显微特征、真伪品等,教学要求记忆的知识点多,分类繁杂.传统教学方式往往会照本宦科、填鸭式灌输[1,2].而运用多媒体等现代教学手段,使药材的整体形态或局部特征,均能一目了然,清楚直观.     

生药学实验教学新体系的探索与建立

生药学实验教学是生药学教学中的一个重要环节,坚持教学与科研相结合、课内与课外相结合,构建生药学实验教学新体系,从而培养学生综合专业素质、创新思维能力及独立工作能力。     

研究生教育

沈阳药科大学从1956年起招收研究生。1978年恢复研究生教育以来,是国务院学位委员会首批授权具有授予博士学位、硕士学位、在职人员以研究生同等学历申请硕士学位、自行审定博士生指导教师的单位。现有药学一级学科博士学位授予权(覆盖药学全部六个二级学科专业,含药剂学、药物化学、药物分析学、药理学、生药学、微生物与生化药学);中药一级学科硕士学位授予权;企业管理硕士学位授予权。学校有一级学科药学博士后流动站一个、企业博士后工作站一个。1996年经教育部批准,建设国家理科基础科学研究和教学人才培养基地(医药学)。1997年开始招…     

苦瓜根的生药学研究

目的:对苦瓜根进行生药学鉴定,为苦瓜根的开发利用和质量标准的制订提供科学依据.方法:分别从原植物性状、显微、理化鉴别等方面对苦瓜根进行生药学研究.结果:苦瓜根在原植物性状、显微、理化等方面具有专属性的特征.结论:本研究可为制订苦瓜根药材质量标准、开发和利用该药资源提供理论依据.     

培养创新型医科研究生应重视医学人文教育

作为我国最高层次的教育之一,医学研究生教育是我国卫生健康事业持续发展的重要基础,其目的是培养临床或科研领域的中坚力量,并将研究生教育成全面型与创新型人才,而医学人文教育对深化创新教育改革、培养创新型研究生人才具有积极的意义。根据创新教育与医学人文的内涵,阐述了强化研究生医学人文教育的必要性,探讨了目前医学人文教育中可能存在的一些问题,并提出转变教育理念、改革课程体系、增强思想政治教育与人文氛围的隐形作用、注重本校师资团队建设、充分发挥教师与导师的作用、优化录取与评价机制,来构建医学人文教育新平台。总之,为了培养高素质的高级医学人才,医学人文教育是培养创新型研究生过程中不可或缺的环节,科学教育和人文教育合二为一是一条好路径。     

激活课堂提高学生学习兴趣

无机化学是药学及相关专业学生的一门重要专业基础课。总结以创新型人才培养为目标,采取内容激趣、方法激趣、教学方式激趣和评价激趣法激活课堂的主要措施,充分发挥学生在学习中的主体作用。     

Utilization of mouse models in the discovery of human disease genes

The mouse is a powerful model organism for studying human disease. By the use of various breeding strategies in combination with positional cloning and positional candidates, many genes underlying human disease have been and will continue to be discovered through the use of mouse genetics. The author illustrates how the mouse can be used to discover human disease genes underlying simple mendelian and complex polygenic diseases and genes involved in the modification of disease.     

植物营养性状的遗传学改良：进展与期望

植物营养性状的遗传学改良是提高不良土壤营养环境中作物产量的一条新途径。能否成功地进行植物营养性状的遗传学改良取决于对这些性状的遗传待性及其生理生化基础的认识以及对遗传育种技术的合理应用。本文试图就这些方面的研究进展作一简要的综述,并对应用遗传育种方法改良植物营养性状的前景以及今后的研究方向提出了一些见解。     

Hormesis Against Aging and Diseases: Using Properties of Biological Adaptation for Health and Survival Improvement

The idea of using hormesis for postponing aging and improving human health has been recently discussed in scientific literature. This paper shows that redundancy in renewal capacity, some portion of which become activated and manifested in hormesis effects, may originate as a result of interaction between living organisms and their environment. It is shown that such redundancy may normally exist for organisms in the wild, and not only in domesticated and laboratory animals. Further development of the hormesis idea requires: (i) investigating regularities of response to multiple stimuli; (ii) studying slow-time responses (e.g., physiological adaptation) to repeated stimuli; (iii) studying connection between slow and fast (e.g., developing at the cellular and sub-cellular levels) stress responses; (iv) translating knowledge accumulated in studies of animal model systems to humans; (v) evaluating unrealized potential for improving health and longevity using hormetic mechanisms. The use of mathematical and computer modeling for translating experimental knowledge about hormesis effects to humans, as well as connection between studying hormetic mechanisms and analyses of the age trajectories of physiological and biological indices affecting U-shapes curves of morbidity-mortality risks using longitudinal data on aging, health, and longevity are discussed.     

Should we smoke it for you as well? An ethnographic analysis of a drug cryptomarket environment

IntroductionWhy aren’t cryptomarkets more widely used? Researchers from a wide array of fields have attempted to answer this question by studying the size of drug cryptomarkets, the substances trafficked, and their structure. In this paper we address the potential acceptance of drug cryptomarkets by studying their perceived ease of use.MethodsThis paper draws on observational data collected over 350 h of unstructured observation during an ethnographic study conducted in April–September 2016 of the two most prominent drug cryptomarkets at the time, in addition to seven face-to-face semi-structured qualitative interviews.AnalysisUse of cryptomarkets relies on specialised knowledge. The administrators of the cryptomarkets do not play a publicly visible role in facilitating or easing cryptomarket use while simultaneously expecting cryptomarket users to exhibit self-reliance. We argue that the current levels of complexity and obfuscation constructed in the cryptomarket environment act as a barrier to the widespread acceptance of this technology.DiscussionThrough studying cryptomarkets’ potential for widespread use we have shed light on current barriers to their growth requirement of specialised knowledge in order to use cryptomarkets and no public efforts to bridge the knowledge gap on behalf of cryptomarket administrators. As cryptomarkets continue to develop the ease of use of these platforms are bound to change, and with them the likelihood that cryptomarket usage may increase.     

将思想道德教育融入中医药课堂教学

思想道德教育是素质教育的重点，以中药、方剂两门课程为例，论述将思想道德教育融入到中医药课堂教学中的体会，说明二者有机结合，不仅加强学生对知识的理解和掌握，还可促进学生个人修养和职业道德的提升。     

Comprehensive mathematical modeling in drug addiction sciences

The science of mathematical modeling aims to describe and evaluate complex phenomena. In epidemiology, modeling allows scientists to simulate the consequences of various intervention and prevention scenarios. In biology, modeling allows one to describe and simulate complex neurophysiologic processes. Similar modeling techniques apply to both scenarios. At the 2006 College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) workshop, we presented four types of models: traditional epidemiologic, traditional neurobiological/behavioral, knowledge repository epidemiologic, and knowledge repository neurological/behavioral. We discussed commonality and differences in the approaches, interpretations, utility, and limitations. The authors believe that both traditional and knowledge repository models can be very useful in complementary ways to the general scientific community studying substance abuse.     

The mouse as a model for developmental immunotoxicology

The laboratory mouse has been the most extensively used model system for demonstrating postnatal immune deficits following perinatal immunotoxicant exposure. Assays utilized have historically been those developed for adult mice. Clear gaps in the available database exist, however, regarding the predictive strength of adult mouse immune screens for detecting either transient or long-lasting postnatal immune suppression. Limited information is also available regarding postnatal ages when various immune assays can be first employed to detect developmental immunotoxicity in mice. Furthermore, difficulties and expense inherent with breeding of in-bred mice, as used for adult immunotoxicity studies, raise questions regarding the feasibility of an in-bred mouse model as a standard, widely available developmental immunotoxicity testing system. These and additional concerns will need to be addressed as a model system with utility for studying developmental immunotoxicants is produced.     

适应行为训练在喉癌病人手术后康复中的运用研究

目的 运用适应行为训练，强化与喉癌术后暂时性失语病人的交流和沟通。方法 将我科40例喉癌病人，分成两组，对其中一组应用自制图片、自编手语、写字板及发音训练等手段实施术前指导。结果 经临床观察统计，两组病人在提高沟通满意度上差异有显著意义(P＜0．05)。结论 适应行为训练在喉癌病人手术康复中有显著意义，可提高暂时性失语病人的生活质量，扩延护士的知识内涵。     

在物理化学课程中引入量子化学内容

探讨药学专业在物理化学课程中引入量子化学内容的必要性和可行性,并从学习量子化学知识的现实意义及所增加的内容进行详细的论述,指出此举对药学专业基础课程的教学改革起到重要的推动作用。