骨质疏松老年女性患者中应用健康教育与运动联合干预的疗效分析

目的分析骨质疏松老年女性患者中应用健康教育与运动联合干预的临床疗效。方法收集我院2011年7月至2013年7月诊治的骨质疏松老年女性患者52例作为研究对象,以随机数字表分组的方式分为试验组与对照组,每组患者各26例。对照组患者单纯采用常规药物治疗,试验组患者在对照组的基础上应用健康教育与运动联合干预,对两组患者治疗前后的骨密度值进行分析对比。结果研究结果显示,试验组患者干预前骨密度值为(268.24±14.35)g/cm3,对照组为(269.68±14.62)g/cm3,两组患者治疗前骨密度值比较无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后试验组患者骨密度值为(401.36±22.73)g/cm3,对照组为(325.53±18.53)g/cm3,试验组骨密度值明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论骨质疏松老年女性患者中应用健康教育与运动联合干预具有良好的临床疗效,能有效提高骨密度改善水平,值得在临床应用上推广。     

健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中的应用

目的:加强健康教育在老年性骨质疏松性體部骨折患者中的应用,提高患者自身及监护人的健康教育意识,减少患者数量的增加,提高生活质量。方法:对我院在就诊的100例骨质疏松性髓部骨折老年患者采取随机分组的方法分为两组,分别为观察组与对照组,每组50人。给予对照组常规护理方法,观察组即在常规诊治的基础上增加健康教育,比较二者之间的护理效果与满意度的差异。结果:通过调查发现,老年患者对健康教育知识的了解甚少,造成老年人骨质疏松性骨折的原因有多种,但最常见的还是营养缺乏,钙供应不足以及在监护人疏忽下的跌倒为主。另外观察组的效果明显优于对照组,并且满意度同样高于对照组。结论:经过观察发现在老年患者中普及健康教育是非常必要的,另外其在老年骨质疏松性髋骨骨折的护理中效果极佳,满意度高,值得推广。     

健康教育联合运动干预在老年女性骨质疏松治疗中的应用

目的：探讨健康教育联合运动干预对老年女性骨质疏松的疗效。方法将120例老年女性骨质疏松患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。对照组患者均给予常规指导,包括抗骨质疏松的药物,每天补充钙＋维生素D制剂,不给予任何运动干预及健康教育措施。观察组在此基础上给予健康教育和运动干预。1年后比较两组干预前后骨密度,并评价疗效。结果观察组总有效率为95．00％,对照组为70．59％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝6．98,P＜0．05）。两组干预后骨密度均明显升高（ t＝5．34、4．78,均P＜0.05）,观察组较对照组升高更为显著（t＝4．20,P＜0．05）。结论较单纯的常规指导和药物治疗,健康教育联合运动干预可有效增加老年女性骨质疏松症患者的骨密度,显著提高疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中的应用

目的:分析和探讨健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中的应用效果。方法:选取我院在2015年5月-2016年5月收治的120例老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者为研究对象,将这120例研究对象随机分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=60),对照组患者实施常规护理,对观察组患者在常规护理基础上进行健康教育,对两组的患者的临床护理效果和护理满意程度进行对比分析。结果:观察组患者的住院时间明显短于对照组患者;观察组患者的疼痛指数明显低于对照组患者;观察组患者的护理满意程度明显高于对照组患者。差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者实施健康教育干预,能够提升患者的康复速度,有效缩短住院时间,患者的满意度明显提升,因此健康教育护理干预具有临床推广意义。     

分析健康教育在老年高血压患者护理中的临床效果

目的:探究健康教育在老年高血压患者护理中的临床效果。方法:选取本院2014年12月-2015年12月内诊治的60例老年高血压患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,给予二组实施常规护理,在常规护理的基础上对观察组患者进行健康教育,多角度实施健康干预及教育,观察比较分析2组老年患者的生活方式及血压的控制情况。结果:实施健康教育后,观察组患者生活方式得到较大改善,比对照组患者生活方式更健康良好,观察组患者血压控制效果较对照组更好,二组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:给予老年高血压患者健康教育护理,对改善老年患者的生活方式有积极的促进作用,并能有效控制血压。     

健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中的应用

目的研究健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折的护理应用效果。方法老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者184例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组92例,对照组采用常规方法进行护理,观察组则在常规护理方法上添加健康教育,对比分析两组患者的护理效果以及护理满意度。结果经过本院的分组护理,对两组患者的住院时间、疼痛评估等进行对比,观察组明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过对两组患者发放调查问卷研究,观察组的满意度94.57%明显高于对照组的78.26%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经过本院的对比护理研究,健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中具有护理效果好、满意度高等优势,值得临床应用和推广。     

老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中健康教育的应用

目的探讨健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中应用价值。方法选取2014年3月至2017年12月来我院就诊的140例老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者作为研究对象。随机将其分为对照组70例和观察组70例,其中对照组70例患者采用常规护理方式,观察组80例患者在常规护理的基础上加入健康教育。通过比较两组患者对护理的满意度以及遵守医嘱(合理饮食、坚持体育锻炼、掌握疾病知识、术后疗效)的情况。结果观察组对护理的满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组在遵守医嘱方面的情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中引进健康教育对患者满意度以及身体的恢复发挥着巨大的作用,值得推广引用。     

老年骨质疏松合并肱骨近端骨折的治疗分析

目的:对老年骨质疏松合并肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效进行分析。方法:选择2013年12月~2014年12月前来某院进行治疗的60例老年骨质疏松合并肱骨近端骨折患者作为研究对象,把患者分为研究组和对照组,研究组患者采用肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定术进行治疗,对照组患者只是给予保守治疗,观察两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果:研究组患者的总有效率(96.66%)比对照组(76.66%)高,由此可知研究组临床护理效果比对照组的好。结论:在对老年骨质疏松合并肱骨近端骨折进行治疗的过程中,应当根据患者的病情选择合适的治疗方法,这样才能使患者病情更快的恢复。     

老年冠心病患者实施健康教育的远期效果分析

目的:探讨老年冠心病患者实施健康教育的远期效果。方法:将110例老年冠心病患者随机分为健康教育组(教育组)及对照组,每组各55例。在常规治疗的基础上,教育组在院期间及出院后4a内给予健康教育处方结合口头卫生宣教及科普板报知识等经常性的健康教育活动,而对照组不予健康教育。结果:教育组患者对冠心病知识的了解情况、饮食控制情况、规律服药治疗情况比对照组好(P<0.01),出院后再次住院次数比对照组少(P<0.01)。而情绪及吸烟量控制两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:对老年冠心病患者实施经常性的健康教育是控制疾病恶化的重要措施。     

健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中的应用分析

目的分析健康教育在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折护理中的应用。方法挑选在我院接受治疗的老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者64例,患者的收治时间均在2013年6月至2015年5月,将64例老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者随机分成两组,每组各有患者32例,其中一组患者接受常规护理,称为常规组,另一组患者在常规组患者的基础上加健康教育,称为教育组,调查常规组及教育组患者的治疗依从性及对护理的满意度,进行比较。结果教育组患者的治疗依从性明显高于常规组患者,对护理的满意度明显高于常规组患者,差异存在统计学意义(即P<0.05)。结论对老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者进行健康教育能有效提高患者的治疗依从性及对护理的满意度,推荐临床应用。     

Low-level exposure to cadmium during the lifetime increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures of the lumbar spine in the elderly: studies on a rat model of human environmental exposure.

In this study, based on a rat model of human environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd), it has been examined whether low-level lifetime Cd exposure increases the risk of vertebral osteoporosis and vertebrae fractures in the elderly. For this purpose, the lumbar vertebral bodies (L4 or L3) of control and Cd-exposed (1 mg Cd/l in drinking water for 24 months) female Wistar rats were assigned to densitometric, radiographic, biomechanical (compression test), and biochemical studies, as well as to assess their dimensions and chemical composition. The exposure to Cd affected the mineral status of the L4. The decreased mineral content, density (BMD) and bone mineral area of the vertebral body together with the unchanged ratio of non-organic and organic components indicate osteoporotic nature of the Cd-induced changes. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in the L3 decreased. Cd also influenced the mechanical properties of the L4. The yield load and ultimate load decreased indicating a weakness in the vertebral body compression strength. Stiffness of the L4 decreased and the displacement at ultimate increased suggesting its enhanced susceptibility to deformities. Indeed, in the Cd group vertebral deformities (in 30% of females) or even fractures (in 40% of females), including those with disruption of bone continuity were evident. Z-score values for the L4 BMD revealed vertebral osteopenia in 30% and osteoporosis in 70% of the Cd-exposed females. The results allow for the conclusion that low lifetime exposure to Cd may become an important factor increasing the risk of lumbar spine osteoporosis with vertebral deformities and fractures in the elderly.     

Low‐level chronic exposure to cadmium enhances the risk of long bone fractures: a study on a female rat model of human lifetime exposure

In the present paper, the hypothesis that low chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) enhances the risk of long bone fractures was investigated in a female rat model simulating human lifetime exposure in non‐Cd‐polluted areas. For this purpose, the femur and both tibias of control female rats and those exposed to Cd (1 mg Cd l^?1 in drinking water for 24 months since weaning) were assigned to geometric, densitometric (bone mineral content, BMC, and density, BMD), radiographic and biomechanical studies as well as assessing their chemical composition. The exposure to Cd disturbed mineralization (decreased BMD and minerals content, including calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron) and weakened the biomechanical strength of the femur and tibia, enhancing their fragility. The Z‐score values for the BMD revealed osteopenia of the femur and tibia in 20 and 30% of the Cd‐exposed female rats, respectively, and osteoporosis in 80 and 70%, respectively. In 30% of the Cd‐exposed animals, femoral neck fracture was evident in the radiographic picture. The findings seem to confirm the hypothesis that a low exposure to Cd during the lifetime may be an important risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures of long bones, and especially for femoral neck fracture in elderly women. The results indicate that greater attention should be paid to Cd as an environmental risk factor for the increasing rate of osteoporosis and bone fractures in old population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长期酒精摄入对中老年男性骨密度与骨代谢及抗骨折能力的影响

目的探讨长期酒精摄入对中老年男性骨密度、骨代谢指标及抗骨折能力的影响。方法以在我院查体中心进行体检的982例45～79岁的中老年男性为调查对象,如有饮酒史则至少5年,按酒精摄入量分为4个等级：不饮酒,少量饮酒（〈50g／d）,中等量饮酒（50g～100g／d）,大量饮酒（〉100g／d）;按开始饮酒年龄分为〈20岁、20～30岁、〉30岁3个等级。采用统一的问卷进行调查,测定血钙磷及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）,放射免疫法测定骨钙素（BGP）,酶联免疫吸附法测定尿脱氧吡啶啉（DPD）,采用双能x线吸收法测量腰椎和股骨颈骨密度。结果①与不饮酒组相比,饮酒者血ALP和骨钙素水平明显降低,且随日酒精摄入量的增加以及开始饮酒年龄的提前而降低更为明显（P〈0．05）。②受试者各组间腰椎骨密度无显著差别,〈50g／d组受试者的股骨颈、Ward’s三角区和大转子骨密度亦无显著改变（P〉0．05）,但50～100g／d、〉100g／d组和〈20岁、20～30岁组受试者的股骨颈、Ward’s三角区和大转子骨密度显著降低（P〈0．01）,且其抗骨折能力和下肢最大肌力亦显著降低（P〈0．01）。③982例受试者髋部骨密度测定共检出骨质疏松者为423例（47．5％）,50～100g／d组和〉100g／d组骨质疏松患病率明显高于不饮酒组和〈50g／d组（P〈0．05）;〈20组骨质疏松患病率明显高于小饮酒组、〉30岁组和20～30岁组（P〈0．01）。结论长期大量饮酒可抑制中老年男性骨的转换,降低股骨颈骨密度,从而降低股骨颈的抗骨折能力。     

老年人骨科疾病的预防措施

目的总结老年人易患的骨科疾病,探讨老年人骨科疾病的预防措施。方法对梅州市平远县人民医院2003年1月至2008年12月间患骨科疾病的100名老年患者进行病例回顾性分析,总结老年人易患的骨科疾病,并与该地区100名健康老人的基本数据进行对比,调查引起老年人所患骨科疾病的病因及相关因素,探讨老年人骨科疾病的预防措施。结果 100名患者中发生骨折64例,颈椎病28例,风湿性关节炎6例,股骨头坏死6例,在患病前后进行X线或骨密度检测显示骨质疏松73例(上述病例均伴有不同程度的骨质疏松);100名健康老人中行X线或骨密度检测骨质疏松22例,与骨病患者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。经总结预防老年人骨科疾病的措施主要有积极预防骨质疏松,合理膳食增加钙的吸收,合理锻炼加强个人防护,积极治疗原发疾病。结论老年人易患骨科疾病,积极预防骨质疏松,合理膳食,加强防护,积极治疗原发病可预防老年人骨科疾病。     

Acquisition of oral phencyclidine self-administration in rhesus monkeys: effect of sex

Rationale: There are increasing reports of sex differences in the etiology of drug abuse in humans. A nonhuman primate model is useful for examining sex as a variable in drug abuse. Objectives: To determine whether there are sex differences in the acquisition of oral phencyclidine (PCP) self-administration and to compare the effect of altered feeding conditions on drug self-administration in male and female monkeys. Methods: Acquisition of orally delivered PCP was studied using 7 female and 11 male adult rhesus monkeys. Initially, the monkeys were not food restricted, and they were given access to water under concurrent fixed-ratio (FR) 1 schedules during daily 3-h sessions. Each lip-contact response on a drinking spout resulted in a 0.3 ml liquid delivery. After baseline levels of water intake were obtained for 5 days, water was replaced with PCP (0.125 mg/ml) at both drinking spouts. Body weights were then reduced to 85% of free-feeding weights, and the monkeys were fed 30 min before the session began. The FR value was increased from 1 to 2, 4, and 8, at both drinking spouts. As a final step in the procedure, water and PCP were concurrently available at the two spouts under FR 8 schedules. Acquisition of PCP-reinforced behavior was considered to have occurred if PCP intake was consistently greater than water intake. Results: Lip-contact responses and liquid deliveries were not significantly different between the females and males throughout the acquisition period, but there was a significant increase in responding and decrease in liquid intake as FR increased, and a significant increase in PCP consumption due to food restriction that did not differ in males and females. On a milligram per kilogram basis, female monkeys consumed nearly twice as much PCP as the males; however, this effect was not significant. The females showed significantly higher PCP than water intake while the males consumed approximately equal amounts of PCP and water. Of the seven females, 100% met the acquisition criterion of significantly greater PCP than water intake, while only 36.4% of the males met the criterion. Conclusion: These results concur with previous rat studies and indicate that female monkeys are more likely than males to acquire drug-reinforced behavior. Received: 4 October 1999 / Final version: 20 January 2000     

107例维持性血液透析患者死亡原因分析

目的 分析行规律血液透析治疗患者的死亡原因及临床特点.方法 收集解放军第174医院(厦门大学附属成功医院)血液净化中心2006年1月至2016年1月血液透析大于3个月的死亡患者共107例,根据年龄将其分为小于或等于60岁的青中年组及大于60岁的老年组,分析两组死亡患者临床资料及死亡原因.结果 107例死亡患者中,男75例,女32例,年龄22~91岁,平均年龄(62.55±15.31)岁.其中青中年组42例,男31例,女11例;老年组65例,男44例,女21例;两组患者在性别上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).青中年组透龄明显长于老年组[(50.12±30.55)月vs(37.6±37.12)月],两组透龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).青中年组原发病以慢性肾小球肾炎为主,比例为57.14%,老年组以糖尿病性肾病居多,比例为43.08%.两组患者主要死亡原因有所不同,青中年组33.33%(14例)死于脑血管疾病,其中以脑出血(30.95%)居多.老年组死亡原因以心血管疾病、感染、脑血管疾病、猝死和营养不良-炎症-动脉粥样硬化综合征(malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome,MIA Syndrome)为主.结论 死亡原因在不同年龄组有所差异,青中年组患者脑血管疾病多见,老年组患者死亡原因不一,包括心脑血管疾病、感染、猝死和MIA综合征.     

Sex differences in the interaction of drinking, positive expectancies and symptoms of dependence in young adults.

Current levels of self-reported drinking amongst young adults predicted scores on measures of both positive expectancies for alcohol use and negative alcohol effects (symptoms of dependence). No overall sex difference was shown in the main effects, but there was a significant interaction effect between sex and alcohol consumption on the dependency and expectancy scales. The form of this interaction was different for expectancy and dependency scores. There was a cross-over effect in the case of expectancy: light drinking females revealed lower levels of expectancy than did light drinking males whereas heavier drinking females reported higher levels of expectancy than did males at a comparable level of consumption. There was a higher proportion of heavy female drinkers in this sample than is usually reported. With regard to dependence, the trend in sex differences was divergent: whereas males acknowledged increases in symptoms concomitant with increases in consumption, comparable female drinkers reported relatively little increase in such symptoms. Results were discussed in terms of quantity-related concepts of 'utility' of alcohol use and a 'diminished personal harm' rationalization associated with the negative effects of alcohol.     

古美地区自检小屋老年人骨质疏松症发病调查

目的：分析古美地区老年人骨质疏松症的发病情况。方法：对社区自检小屋受检的1530名老年居民进行骨密度测量，分析结果。结果：老年人骨质疏松发病率较高，且随着年龄的增长而增高，女性骨质疏松症发病率高于男性。结论：该地区骨质疏松症发病率较高，潜在人群基数大，需要进一步进行健康宣教及干预。     

Injury and alcohol: a hospital emergency department study

A pilot survey was undertaken of injury presentations to a public hospital emergency department to determine patterns of alcohol use in this population. Of the 402 injury presentations in the study period, a total of 236 injury cases were interviewed, of whom 45% ( n = 107) and 29% ( n = 69) had consumed alcohol 24 and 6 hours prior to injury. Mean age for all injury presentations was 35.1 years, and 32.6 years for alcohol injury cases. For both injury groups, males were significantly younger than females. Recent alcohol ingestion was three times more common among male than female injury presentations, but with females drinking at significantly lower levels. Of males who had consumed alcohol 6 hours prior to injury, nearly 70% were drinking at NHMRC harmful levels and 61% had drunk more than eight standard drinks. Overall, alcohol-involved injury cases commonly occurred among low-income, single males around 30 years of age who were regular heavy drinkers who were drinking heavily in licensed premises prior to their injury, and who sustained injury through intentional harm. In addition, one in five of the alcohol-involved injury cases were aged 15-18 years, i.e. below the legal age of purchase. The high proportion of hazardous and harmful drinkers among those who had consumed alcohol within the last 6 hours, and the injury sample overall, highlights the need for further research to explore the relationship between the occurrence of injury and the drinking patterns and environments associated with injury. Further research is also required to assess the efficacy of early and brief interventions for alcohol and drug use within the emergency ward setting. This information would enable appropriate public health interventions to be initiated.     

中老年绝经后维持性血液透析患者骨质疏松症情况分析

目的:探讨中老年绝经后维持性血液透析(MHD)患者骨质疏松情况。方法:选择中老年绝经后MHD患者90例,中老年绝经后妇女普通人群41例,采用双能X线骨密度测定仪测定腰椎与股骨骨密度(BMD)。结果:实验组较对照组腰椎及股骨BMD明显降低(P<0.01),实验组严重骨质疏松及骨折的发生率明显增高(P<0.05)。结论:中老年绝经后MHD患者骨质疏松及骨折发生率高,应高度重视,给予针对性治疗。