基质金属蛋白酶与肝癌侵袭和转移的研究进展

近年来研究发现细胞外基质(ECM)在肿瘤的侵袭和转移过程中起着重要作用，金属蛋白酶(MMPs)通过对ECM的降解而促进肿瘤的转移。现就金属蛋白酶的结构、功能及其与肝癌侵袭、转移的研究进展作一综述。     

肿瘤的发生发展中VEGF与MMPs及其抑制剂的关系

基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinases，MMPs)和金属蛋白酶抑制剂(Tissue inhibitors of MMPs，TIMPs)是细胞外基质(Extracellular matrix，ECM)合成及降解代谢平衡中两个重要的酶系，对肿瘤的侵袭和转移有重要作用。而血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)可特异性调控血管内皮细胞的增殖、迁移和血管形成，对肿瘤的生长和转移也起重要作用。三者之间存在着密切关系，了解这种关系可为人类癌症治疗开辟新的途径。     

基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)与肿瘤转移相关性研究进展

肿瘤侵袭转移是癌症患者死亡的主要原因之一,肿瘤侵袭和转移是瘤细胞从原发瘤脱离后向周围和(或)远处组织扩散的过程。侵袭发生时,肿瘤细胞分散并侵入胞外基质(ECM),肿瘤细胞与基底膜紧密接触4~8 h后,肿瘤细胞及其基质细胞分泌蛋白酶降解ECM,使基底膜产生局部的缺损,肿瘤细胞由     

金属基质蛋白酶及其抑制物与子宫内膜癌

细胞外基质（ECM）降解是肿瘤侵袭转移的事要信号和途径。金属基质蛋白酶（MMPs）是溶解基质的一组重要酶类。金属基质蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMPs）是MMPs的特异性抑制物，两者的表达，代谢平衡与子宫内膜癌的浸润转移，生理病理和临床预后有密切关系MMPs-TIMPs倜节失衡，ECM降解以及基底膜消失，均可促进子宫内膜癌的发生浸润转移．MMPs．TIMPs表达量的检测可作为早期诊断，监测妇科恶性肿瘤的理想标志物，并可针对其平衡采取相应的肿瘤治疗措施。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与乳腺癌的浸润与转移

肿瘤的浸润和转移是恶性肿瘤的主要生物学特征 ,也是恶性肿瘤患者的主要死亡原因。在肿瘤的侵袭转移过程中细胞外基质 (ｅｘｔｒａｃｅｌｌｍａｔｒｉｘ ,ＥＣＭ)起着关键性作用 ,肿瘤细胞必须具备降解基质的能力。基质金属蛋白酶 (ｍａｔｒｉｘｍｅｔａｌｌｏ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎａｓｅ ,ＭＭＰ)通过对ＥＣＭ的降解来促进癌细胞对周围组织的浸润 ,基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 (ｔｉｓｓｕｅｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｏｆｍｅｔａｌｌｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎａｓｅ ,ＴＩＭＰ)则是通过下调金属蛋白酶的降解活性而抑制肿瘤的侵袭和转移。1　基质金属蛋白酶家…     

基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9与妇科肿瘤浸润及转移

浸润和转移是恶性肿瘤的典型特征 ,是导致肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因。肿瘤的浸润与转移是一个动态的、复杂的、多步骤的过程 ,其中细胞外基质 (extracelluarmatrix ,ECM)包括基底膜 (BasementMembrane ,BM)和间隙结缔组织成分的降解是肿瘤浸润正常组织及开始转移的基本途径。细胞外基质降解酶系主要有丝氨酸蛋白酶、半胱氨酸蛋白酶和基质金属蛋白酶 (matrixmetalloproteinase ,MMPs)等 ,而基质金属蛋白酶被认为是最重要的一类。MMPs是一组锌离子依赖性蛋白水解酶超家族 ,迄今为止 ,已发现至少 1 9个成员 ,根据他们作用的底物不同 ,可分…     

基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制物与肿瘤侵袭转移

基质金属蛋白酶 (MMPs)是降解细胞外基质成分的一大类含 2价锌离子水解酶 ,基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子(TIMPs)则是基质金属蛋白酶 (MMPs)的天然抑制物 ,两者在细胞外基质代谢中的相互作用是肿瘤细胞的侵袭及转移的关键因素 ;探讨MMPs与TIMPs在不同类型肿瘤及在不同表型的分泌和表达水平 ,对临床肿瘤的预防、诊断及预后有重要意义 ,也可为     

基质金属蛋白酶在白血病致病和治疗研究中的进展

恶性肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移是造成肿瘤病人死亡的重要原因，肿瘤细胞发生侵袭和转移与蛋白水解酶水解胞外基质密切相关，锌离子依赖性的基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMP)中的MMP2和MMP9是参与此过程的两个关键性蛋白酶。本就MMP结构、生理调控、在白血病发生和转移中的作用及针对此靶位点开展白血病治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与肿瘤关系的研究进展

基质金属蛋白酶是一组蛋白水解酶，能降解细胞外基质，金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂则能抑制其水解活性，这两组酶在很多肿瘤组织中表达增高。综述了金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂表达的失衡与肿瘤侵袭及转移的关系。     

用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定消化系统肿瘤患者血浆MMP-9/TIMP-2浓度的意义

目的　探讨血浆基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP 9)及基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂 2 (TIMP 2 )水平与消化系恶性肿瘤侵袭转移的关系。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)测定血浆MMP 9及TIMP 2浓度。结果　81例消化系统恶性肿瘤组的MMP 9水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;而血浆TIMP 2水平的升高与对照组差异无显著性。根据TNM分期 ,各组TNMⅢ～Ⅳ期者的血浆MMP 9均显著高于TNMⅠ～Ⅱ期者 ,胰腺癌TNMⅢ～Ⅳ期者的血浆TIMP 2显著升高。结论　本研究确证了文献报道的消化道肿瘤患者血浆MMP 9水平升高可能与肿瘤的侵袭转移有关。     

Measurement of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines in body fluids and tissues in children and in adults

We have developed a reliable and validated radio-enzymatic method for the assay of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, using a modification of existing methods. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 mumol/l using 10 microliters of plasma or urine. It is also suitable for measurements of carnitine in a 10 mg sample of liver or muscle obtained by percutaneous biopsy. The use of N-ethylmaleimide in the reaction mixture together with an excess of [1-14C]acetyl CoA ensures that the reaction proceeds to completion and a linear response is obtained. Using this method control ranges have been established for plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in healthy children and adults, and for the carnitine content of liver and muscle in adults. No significant difference was found between fasting and post-prandial plasma carnitine levels. An age-related increase was found in urinary total carnitine and acylcarnitine concentration throughout childhood. These data provide a reliable basis for studies of patients with abnormal carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism, distribution and excretion.     

Rosamicin in Urethral and Vaginal Secretions and Tissues in Dogs and Rats

In animal studies we investigated the distribution of rosamicin in plasma and urethral and vaginal tissues in rats as well as in urethral and vaginal secretions in dogs. We found concentration ratios between urethral secretion and plasma of 1.9 and between vaginal secretion and plasma of 2.4. The rosamicin concentrations in urethral and vaginal tissue significantly exceeded the levels of all other tissues investigated. Because rosamicin could be valuable for the treatment of bacterial urethritis and the colonization of the vaginal introitus with fecal bacteria in women, it should be investigated clinically in this respect.     

Similarities and differences in clients treated and in medications prescribed by APRNs and psychiatrists in a CMHC

This study is part of a larger study comparing prescribing practices of psychiatrists and advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APRNs) using the following three groups of patients: patients treated by psychiatrists, those treated by APRNs, and those treated by both APRNs and psychiatrists at different times in 1 year. Demographics for 5507 patients were examined. A subsample of APRNs and psychiatrists prescribed similar total numbers of medications. Psychiatrists prescribed more types of antidepressant medications other than the SSRI antidepressants, and they prescribed more than twice the number of benzodiazepines. APRNs prescribed more SSRIs and spent more time with clients during medication visits.     

Racial differences in oxidative stress and inflammation: in vitro and in vivo

African American race is an independent risk factor for enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. We sought to examine whether oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers that are typically measured in humans also differ by race in cell culture. We compared levels between African American and Caucasian young adults and then separately in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from both races. We found heightened oxidative stress and inflammation in the African Americans both in vitro and in vivo. African American HUVECs showed higher nitric oxide (NO) levels (10.8 ± 0.4 vs. 8.8 ± 0.7 μmol/L/mg, p = 0.03), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (61.7 ± 4.2 vs. 23.9 ± 9.0 pg/mg, p = 0.02), and lower superoxide dismutase activity (15.6 ± 3.3 vs. 25.4 ± 2.8 U/mg, p = 0.04), and also higher protein expression (p < 0.05) of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, isoforms NOX2 and NOX4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), inducible NOS, as well as IL-6. African American adults had higher plasma protein carbonyls (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 nmol/mg, p = 0.01) and antioxidant capacity (2.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3 mM, p = 0.01). These preliminary translational data demonstrate a racial difference in HUVECs much like that in humans, but should be interpreted with caution given its preliminary nature. It is known that racial differences exist in how humans respond to development and progression of disease, therefore these data suggest that ethnicity of cell model may be important to consider with in vitro clinical research.     

Postural strategies and falls in elderly and in parkinsonism]

OBJECTIVE: To use a posture analysis to show the evolution of postural pattern connected with falls.MATERIAL AND METHOD: It is a prospective study on two groups of 16 persons of more than 60 years. A group concerns 16 small disability off drug parkinsonian patients, a group concerns 16 healthy witnesses. All the persons benefited from a posture recording by means of a force platform and were followed during 1 year. RESULTS: Data analysis underlines three groups of persons corresponding to three postural patterns, independently of the presence of Parkinson disease. A group (n = 18) did not contain fallers, the second (n = 10 ) contained 20% of fallers, the third (n = 4) contained 100% of fallers. Differences between the groups were identified on 16 posturographic parameters. DISCUSSION: A group has a good functional value and one does not record any fall. Its characteristics, which correspond to a category of persons who compensate well for the phenomena of ageing, are found in the literature. A group has an intermediate functional value and regrets 20% of fallers. Kinetic profile reveals a tendency to the stiffness of the posture. This group is going to operate rather ankle strategies. A group has an inferior functional value and regrets 100% of fallers. Kinetic profile seems disrupted and not to be able to adapt itself in a satisfactory way to the situation otherwise than by stereotypical reactions. This group is going to operate systematically much less stabilizing hip strategies. CONCLUSION: A close determinism between physiological neuromotor ageing and Parkinson disease does exist. We showed with a prospective follow-up, the arisen of fall and showed the evolution of postural patterns related to fall. It appears as well that evolution mainly follows three stages leading from a small risk of fall gait pattern to a major risk of fall gait pattern.