阴茎癌切除同期行改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的可行性研究

目的 探讨同期行阴茎癌原发病灶切除和改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2002年6月至2010年6月55例同期行阴茎癌切除和改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的患者资料.患者年龄27～73岁,平均49岁.行同期改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术107侧,1侧行腹股沟淋巴结清扫术之前曾行大隐静脉抽出术,2侧行同期经典根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术. 结果 107侧改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后发生切口感染1侧次(0.9％),下肢淋巴水肿18侧次(16.8％),皮瓣坏死6侧次(5.6％).每侧切除淋巴结3 ～23枚,平均11枚.3年总生存率为84％. 结论 阴茎癌切除同期行改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术可保证控瘤效果,不增加手术后并发症,是适合阴茎癌患者的治疗策略.     

33例阴茎癌的外科治疗分析

目的:探讨阴茎癌合理的外科治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月~2012年12月间收治的33例阴茎癌患者的临床资料:鳞状细胞癌患者31例,疣状癌患者2例。5例行阴茎局部病变切除术,26例行阴茎部分切除术,2例行阴茎全切加会阴部尿道造口术。行腹股沟淋巴结清扫术20例,其中7例行双侧改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,10例行一侧改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术+对侧改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,3例行髂腹股沟淋巴结清扫术+对侧改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术。结果:33例患者定期随访1~5年,平均随访31个月,1年生存率为93.9%(31/33),2年为87.9%(29/33),5年为72.7%(24/33)。本组6例T1G2期以上阴茎癌患者行预防性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,术后随访生存率为83%(5/6);而另有14例未行腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,术后随访死亡7例,生存率为50%(7/14)。在33例阴茎癌患者中,9例可扪及单侧或双侧腹股沟淋巴结,行双侧淋巴结活检,有6例为阳性,阳性率高达66.7%(6/9);但有3例阴性患者随访过程中出现腹股沟淋巴结转移,假阴性率为13%(3/23)。有7例伴髂、腹股沟淋巴结转移,随访期间7例患者全部死亡,结论:对阴茎癌患者,合理地选择手术方式切除肿瘤,并合适地选择行腹股沟淋巴结清扫的时机和方式,采用一定的手术技巧,可明显提高患者生存率并减少并发症。     

改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌26例报告

目的：探讨改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗中的作用,为临床治疗阴茎癌提供新的方法。方法：采用改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌患者26例,并对患者的治疗结果进行临床观察。结果：每侧平均浅组清扫出淋巴结13．2枚（10～19枚）,深组清扫出淋巴结2．1枚（1～4枚）。术后早期主要并发症为皮瓣皮缘坏死,2侧轻度,1侧中度,无一例患者发生淋巴瘘及淋巴囊肿。晚期并发症为轻度双下肢水肿,共4例（15．4%）。26例患者平均随访时间为34．2个月（14～86个月）,总体无瘤生存率为80．8％,其中N0为100％（17／17）,N1为80％（4／5）,N2为0（0／4）。结论：改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术具有手术效果好、并发症少的特点,有助于提高患者的治疗效果。     

阴茎癌根治性髂腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的改进

目的:对根治性髂腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术进行改进,以完整清除淋巴结并减少术后并发症。方法:2003~2004年对20例阴茎鳞状细胞癌患者施行根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫,其中5例还施行了髂淋巴结清扫。腹股沟区的清扫范围包括腹股沟浅组和深组淋巴结,采用暴露好的直切口,皮瓣厚度适中,切断大隐静脉且不转移缝匠肌。髂淋巴结清扫采用下腹正中切口,术后采用逐步降低的负压吸引促进引流和皮瓣愈合。结果:两侧腹股沟区淋巴结平均为21个,阳性淋巴结平均为1.6个。术后病理检查证实55%的患者有淋巴结转移,纠正了40%的术前分期。术后有1例出现高热和局部感染,另有27.5%的单侧腹股沟区域出现局部并发症,包括皮缘坏死、愈合延迟、皮下积液和淋巴瘘。无一例出现大面积皮片坏死和股血管损伤。结论:改进的根治性髂腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术保证了清扫范围,减少了手术并发症。     

阴茎切除和双侧腹股沟淋巴清扫治疗阴茎癌的长期随访结果[ D＇ Ancona CAL,et al.J Urol

作者对改良的腹股沟淋巴清扫治疗阴茎癌进行了研究。所谓改良的腹股沟淋巴清扫，即只对腹股沟韧带、股静脉和大隐静脉、长收肌所构成的三角形区域内的淋巴和脂肪组织进行清扫，范围小于传统的根治性腹股沟淋巴清扫。共26例阴茎鳞癌患者同次手术中行阴茎切除术和双侧改良腹股沟淋巴清扫。术中行淋巴结冰冻活检，如有转移，则该侧行根治性腹股沟淋巴清扫。     

腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌20例报告及随访分析

阴茎癌是一种比较少见的恶性肿瘤,目前阴茎癌的治疗仍以手术为主,联合放疗、化疗等.淋巴转移是阴茎癌主要的转移途径,而腹股沟淋巴结是转移的首站,因此,腹股沟淋巴结清扫术是手术治疗阴茎癌的重要步骤[1].开放和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术切口大,切除皮下组织多,术后极易发生腹股沟区皮肤缺血坏死或淋巴瘘,造成切口长期愈合不良等并发症,皮桥式腹股沟淋巴结清扫也存在切口大、愈合慢的问题,均严重影响患者术后的恢复及后期治疗[2].我科2014年6月至2017年5月对20例阴茎癌患者行腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,现报告如下.     

腹股沟淋巴结清扫在阴茎癌治疗中的应用

［摘要］ 阴茎癌是一种比较少见的恶性肿瘤。其发病率具有显著的地域差异性,其中,在欧美等发达国家具有较低的发病率,然而,在非洲、南美洲以及亚洲的部分发展中国家或地区,阴茎癌的发病率较高。目前,阴茎癌的主要治疗方法包括：保留阴茎的治疗（微小病灶切除术）;阴茎部分切除术;阴茎根治性切除术。区域淋巴结有无转移、转移程度、能否根治切除是影响阴茎癌患者生存率的决定性因素。阴茎癌最早和最常见的区域淋巴结转移部位为腹股沟淋巴结,本文主要阐述了传统开放手术、改良的腹股沟淋巴结清扫术、腹腔镜与机器人辅助腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术在阴茎癌治疗中的应用及各手术方式常见并发症及防治措施。     

腹股沟淋巴结清扫在阴茎癌治疗中的应用

阴茎癌是一种比较少见的恶性肿瘤。其发病率具有显著的地域差异性,其中,在欧美等发达国家具有较低的发病率,然而,在非洲、南美洲以及亚洲的部分发展中国家或地区,阴茎癌的发病率较高。目前,阴茎癌的主要治疗方法包括:保留阴茎的治疗(微小病灶切除术);阴茎部分切除术;阴茎根治性切除术。区域淋巴结有无转移、转移程度、能否根治切除是影响阴茎癌患者生存率的决定性因素。阴茎癌最早和最常见的区域淋巴结转移部位为腹股沟淋巴结,本文主要阐述了传统开放手术、改良的腹股沟淋巴结清扫术、腹腔镜与机器人辅助腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术在阴茎癌治疗中的应用及各手术方式常见并发症及防治措施。     

阴茎切除术和同期改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌10例的近期疗效

目的 总结阴茎切除术和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术同期治疗阴茎癌的近期临床效果.方法 术前5-7天使用抗菌药,阴茎局部及腹股沟区高锰酸钾溶液泡洗,先行阴茎部分切除术或阴茎全切+会阴尿道造口术,同期行改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术.清扫时皮肤切缘缝线作为牵引,沿浅筋膜浅层和浅筋膜深层之间少血管平面分离,术后皮瓣下置多孔引流管接负压吸引,皮瓣用丝线固定于相应位置的深筋膜处,皮缘处分浅筋膜浅层,皮肤两层缝合.结果 中位术后住院日14天(范围10～18天),出院时伤口痊愈或仅有小的并发症.伤口部分裂开1侧.皮肤切口边缘坏死6侧(30%),无腹股沟皮瓣感染或深静脉血栓.无下肢淋巴水肿、淋巴囊肿或血肿.随访1-28个月.平均18个月.无瘤生存10例,无阴茎或腹股沟处复发.结论 阴茎切除术和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术同期治疗阴茎癌,并发症发生率无增高.采用改良的腹股沟清扫术可以降低并发症的发生率.由于病例数少,随访时间短,对预防腹股沟淋巴结复发和提高患者长期生存率有待进一步的临床研究.     

阴茎切除术和同期改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌10例的近期疗效

目的 总结阴茎切除术和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术同期治疗阴茎癌的近期临床效果.方法 术前5-7天使用抗菌药,阴茎局部及腹股沟区高锰酸钾溶液泡洗,先行阴茎部分切除术或阴茎全切+会阴尿道造口术,同期行改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术.清扫时皮肤切缘缝线作为牵引,沿浅筋膜浅层和浅筋膜深层之间少血管平面分离,术后皮瓣下置多孔引流管接负压吸引,皮瓣用丝线固定于相应位置的深筋膜处,皮缘处分浅筋膜浅层,皮肤两层缝合.结果 中位术后住院日14天(范围10～18天),出院时伤口痊愈或仅有小的并发症.伤口部分裂开1侧.皮肤切口边缘坏死6侧(30%),无腹股沟皮瓣感染或深静脉血栓.无下肢淋巴水肿、淋巴囊肿或血肿.随访1-28个月.平均18个月.无瘤生存10例,无阴茎或腹股沟处复发.结论 阴茎切除术和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术同期治疗阴茎癌,并发症发生率无增高.采用改良的腹股沟清扫术可以降低并发症的发生率.由于病例数少,随访时间短,对预防腹股沟淋巴结复发和提高患者长期生存率有待进一步的临床研究.     

减少阴茎癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫术并发症的临床技巧研究(附30例报告)

目的探讨减少阴茎癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后并发症的手术操作技巧及其效果。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年10月间收治的30例行改进根治性双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的阴茎癌患者的临床资料。30例共60侧行腹股沟淋巴结清扫,其中29例为阴茎癌手术时同期淋巴清扫。清扫范围足够,淋巴结清除彻底,改进技术包括设计腹股沟"S"形皮肤切口、通过确认Campas筋膜的膜性解剖标志层来分离皮瓣、皮瓣边缘缝线牵引、完整保留阔筋膜、尽可能保留阴部外浅静脉、术后良好的引流及加压包扎。结果 30例患者随访5～128个月,共发生并发症15侧次(25.0%),其中轻度皮瓣坏死4侧次(6.7%)、切口感染3侧次(5.0%)、淋巴水肿8侧次(13.3%),无下肢深静脉血栓。结论通过改进腹股沟淋巴结清扫术可有效减少阴茎癌患者腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后并发症。     

Morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy for invasive penile carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and the consequences of complications related to modified and radical inguinal lymphadenectomy in patients with invasive penile carcinoma, defined by invasion of the corpus spongiosum or cavernosum (> or =T2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 118 modified (67.0%), and 58 radical (33.0%) inguinal lymphadenectomy were performed in 88 patients between 1989 and 2000. To decrease the morbidity, radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was proposed only in patients with palpable inguinal lymph nodes, uni- or bilaterally (N1 or N2). Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed bilaterally in patients with invasive penile carcinoma and non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes (N0), and unilaterally in the side without inguinal metastases in N1 patients. Complications were assessed retrospectively with a median follow-up of 46 months and classified as early (event observed during the 30 days after the procedure) or late (event present after hospitalisation or after the first months). RESULTS: A total of 74 complications after 176 procedures were recorded. After modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, 8 early (6.8%) and 4 late (3.4%) complications were observed. There were a total of 110 dissections with no complications and 8 dissections with 1 or 2 complications. After radical inguinal lymphadenectomy, the morbidity increased with 24 early (41.4%) and 25 late (43.1%) complications, observed in only 18 of 58 radical procedures. Leg oedema was the most common late complication, interfering with ambulation in 13 cases (22.4%). CONCLUSION: Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, with saphenous vein sparing and limited dissection offers excellent functional outcome in patients with invasive penile carcinoma and nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes. The morbidity after radical lymphadenectomy still significant, especially in patients with multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes treated by pelvic and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy.     

改良技术减少阴茎癌根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后皮瓣坏死的效果分析

目的 探讨改良技术减少阴茎癌根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后皮瓣坏死的方法与疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2002年6月至2010年6月63例阴茎癌126侧改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术患者资料,清扫范围按照经典的根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术方法,减少皮瓣坏死改良技术包括:S形切口,在膜性解剖标志引导下精确分离皮瓣层面. 结果 63例随访12～ 93个月,共发一并发症37侧次,其中轻度皮瓣坏死7侧次(5.6％),切口感染3侧次(2.4％),淋巴水肿19侧次(15.1％),血清肿2侧次(1.6％),淋巴囊肿5侧次(4.0％),下肢深静脉血栓形成1侧次(0.8％).未发生并发症106侧(84.1％),发生1次或2次轻度并发症20侧次(16.0％). 结论 改良根治腹股沟性淋巴结清扫术中采用S形切口和膜性解剖标志精确分离皮瓣层面技术,可减少术后皮瓣坏死发生率.     

Modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis: technique and results

PURPOSE: Modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis is presented that satisfies the requirement for complete groin dissection, while significantly decreasing postoperative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 2 with leiomyosarcoma of the penis underwent bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, including removal of the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes. To avoid damage to the vessels of the groin region that run parallel to the inguinal ligament and lie in the fat of the superficial layer of the superficial fascia dissection is done beneath this layer. The proper cleavage plane is just above the membranous layer of the superficial fascia, beneath which the superficial inguinal lymph nodes are located. The saphenous vein is preserved and the sartorius muscle is left in situ, so as not to disturb collateral lymphatic drainage. RESULTS: At a followup of 6 to 104 months no skin necrosis, infection or deep venous thrombosis occurred. In 2 patients early moderate lymphedema of the lower extremities resolved with time, 2 had scrotal edema and 3 had a transient lymphocele. CONCLUSIONS: As described, modified radical inguinal lymphadenectomy decreases the morbidity associated with groin dissection, while removing superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes.     

改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术医护配合

目的 总结探讨改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术（VEIL）的医护配合经验,为更好配合内镜手术开展及推广提供支持.方法 回顾性总结我院2010年4月至2013年12月9例行双侧改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的阴茎癌患者医护配合特点,统计相关数据.结果 9例患者（18侧）手术在医护配合下均成功完成,单侧手术时间79～121 min,平均时间97 min,手术清扫淋巴结7～11个,平均8个,每例患者术中出血量45～90 ml,平均51ml,无中转开放,无术中并发症;术后除1例患者发生淋巴漏外,无一例发生皮瓣坏死或切口延迟愈合,无出现腘窝血管压迫及压疮.结论改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在保证肿瘤根治效果的同时降低了手术难度,降低了并发症发生率,注意术中医护配合细节,可更好的完成手术,利于该术式规范化及推广.     

Morbidity of prophylactic inguinal lymphadenectomy with saphenous vein preservation for squamous cell penile carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Inguinal lymphadenectomy has an essential role in the cure of patients with inguinal metastasis from penile cancer; however, this procedure is associated with a significant morbidity. In recent years, modified lymphadenectomy with saphenous vein preservation has been postulated to reduce morbidity. Herein, we present our recent experience with prophylactic inguinal lymhadenectomy and saphenous vein preservation in patients with invasive penile carcinoma and non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes. METHODS: Seven patients with invasive squamous cell penile carcinoma, who underwent bilateral prophylactic inguinal lymphadenectomy with saphenous vein preservation between 1995 and 2001, were reviewed retrospectively. Mean age was 67.7 years. The pathological stage of the primary tumor was pT2 in four and pT3 in three patients respectively. Postoperative complications were defined as minor--wound infection, seroma formation requiring drainage, and skin necrosis, and major-- deep venous thrombosis, persistent seroma formation, flap necrosis requiring a skin graft, as well as permanent and disabling leg lymphedema. RESULTS: Minimum follow up was 2 years. Minor complications--wound infection--occurred in one patient (one groin). No major complications occurred. All patients are alive without evidence of disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic inguinal lymphadenectomy seems to offer reduced morbidity in high risk penile cancer patients without compromising survival outcome.