CT扫描时不合作患儿制动药物应用与观察

目的：探讨CT扫描时不合作患儿制动药物应用与观察.方法：204例不合作患儿分为3组,即婴儿组、幼儿组及学龄前组.在CT扫描前20min给予10%的水合氯醛、安定.剂量按公斤体重计算.结果：婴儿水合氯醛组显效率为96.8%（30例）、安定组显效率为100%（9例）,幼儿水合氯醛组显效率为54.2%（13例）、安定组显效率为82.6%（19例）,学龄前儿童水合氯醛组显效率为53.9%（21例）、安定组显效率为87.2%（68例）.结论：在CT扫描中,根据不同的年龄组采用合理的镇静催眠药物,能取得满意的扫描效果.     

学龄前儿童弱视综合疗法疗效比较

【目的】比较两种综合弱视治疗仪治疗学龄前儿童弱视的疗效，探索儿童弱视方便、有效的治疗方法。【方法】将2043名学龄前弱视儿童分为两组，第1组1062人（1957眼）应用BS5型弱视仪进行治疗，第2组981人（1805眼）应用传统综合弱视治疗仪进行治疗。对两组学龄前儿童弱视的疗效及疗程进行比较。【结果】轻度弱视患者两组疗效差异无显著性，但第1组基本治愈所需疗程短于第2组；中度弱视及重度弱视患者第1组疗效优于第2组，且基本治愈疗程亦短于第2组。【结论】学龄前儿童弱视的治疗方法必须要操作简便，富有趣味，易于接受。BS-5型弱视仪操作简单，疗效确切，是治疗学龄前儿童弱视较有效的方法。     

城乡学龄前儿童视觉运动整合发育比较分析

为了探讨城乡学龄前儿童视觉运动整合发育的特点,本文采用视觉运动整合发育测试(VMI)对597名城乡集体及散居学龄前儿童进行测查。结果显示:3岁段各组VMI得分比较无差异,而其它年龄段均显示散居儿童低于集体儿童(P相似文献   

儿童胸部创伤的CT影像分析

目的探讨CT对儿童胸部创伤的诊断价值及特征.方法对24例年龄在1.5～13岁儿童胸部创伤从CT征象发病机理病理基础上进行分析比较.结果发现肺部渗出性病变17例,肺血肿3例,肺囊肿2例,皮下气肿1例,肺部渗出病变伴肋骨骨折1例.结论儿童胸部创伤的CT表现具有一定的特征性改变,能早期发现轻度肺实质改变及细微变化,为临床早期诊断和治疗提供依据.     

学龄前儿童口腔治疗时的心理探讨

在儿童口腔科诊疗过程中 ,不但要有熟练的操作技术 ,还要取得患儿的合作 ,才能顺利完成治疗。我们对口腔内科门诊32 2例学龄前牙病患儿的行为进行分析 ,探讨学龄前患儿就诊行为的影响因素。1　对象和方法从我院口腔内科门诊随机选择 1～ 6岁牙病患儿共 32 2例。其中男 179例 ,女 143例 ;平均年龄 5 .9岁 ;1～ 3岁者 6 5例 ,4～ 6岁者 2 5 7例 ;牙髓炎 10 6例 ,根尖炎 96例 ,牙槽脓肿 39例 ,龋齿 81例。第 1次接受牙病治疗者为初诊 ,共 15 1例 ;凡第2次以上接受牙病治疗者为复诊 ,共 171例。按患儿就诊的合作程度分级 : 级 ,在接受治疗时 ,不…     

学龄前儿童龋病调查

龋病是牙齿在机体内外环境因素的影响下,牙齿的牙釉质、牙本质或牙骨质等组织破坏和脱落的一种疾病,发病率高,是近代人类最常见的疾病之一.被世界卫生组织认定为除心血管病、恶性肿瘤以外的第三大疾病.     

汩罗市城区学龄前儿童龋病调查

汩罗市城区学龄前儿童龋病调查朱江祥（湖南省汩罗市妇幼保健所４１４４００）为了解我市学龄前儿童龋病发生情况，做好学龄前儿童龋病的防治工作，我所于１９９５年３月，结合儿童健康检查，对城区学龄前儿童进行了龋病发生情况调查，并对其有关因素进行了探讨，现将结果...     

景宁县学龄前儿童生长发育调查

我们采用指数标准差(SDS)对景宁山区的学龄前儿童体格生长偏离状况作了调查,并就贫困山区如何做好儿童生长保健进行探讨。     

社区学龄前儿童智商水平分析

本资料选取阳泉市某社区３￣７岁学龄前儿童３１１名，其中男１７１名，女１４０名。采用《韦克斯勒学龄前儿童智力量表》（ＷＰＰＳＩ）和《韦克斯勒学儿童智力量表》（ＷＩＳＣ－Ｒ）进行智力测验并对其影响因素微分析。结果表明，儿童智力发展呈常态分布，男女在智力发育上无差别，低出生体重儿的智力发育较落后，父母亲的文化程度对小儿智力发育有一定影响。     

嘉兴市学龄前儿童弱视调查报告

为了解嘉兴市学龄前儿童视力水平及弱视患病率,唤起社会各界对儿童眼保健的重视,及早发现和治疗弱视,我们于1999年4月对嘉兴市区托幼机构进行儿童弱视调查。     

Effects of temperature, surfactants and skin location on the dermal penetration of haloacetonitriles and chloral hydrate

Dermal exposure has been recognized as an important contributor to the total internal dose to disinfection-by-products (DBPs) in water. However, the effect of the use of surfactants, water temperature and area of the body exposed to DBPs on their dermal flux has not been characterized and was the focus of the present study using an in-vitro system. The dermal flux of mg/l concentrations of haloacetonitriles and chloral hydrate (CH), important cytotoxic DBPs, increased by approximately 50% to 170% with increasing temperature from 25?°C to 40?°C. The fluxes for the torso and dorsum of the hand were much higher than that of palm and scalp skin. An increase in flux was observed for chloroacetonitrite and dichloroacetonitrile, two less lipophilic HANs, but not for trichloroacetonitrile or CH, with the addition of 2% sodium lauryl sulfate or 2% sodium laureth sulfate, two surfactants commonly used in soaps and shampoos used in showering and bathing. Thus, factors such as temperature, surfactants and skin location affect dermal penetration and should be considered when evaluating dermal absorption.     

水合氯醛和右美托咪定对新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察右美托咪定(DEX)和水合氯醛(CHL)对体外培养新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的影响。 方法以等渗盐水(NS)做阴性对照，药液以1：6的体积比例分别加入神经细胞培养液中。CHL组终浓度3.5 mmol/L；DEX组终浓度0.7 μmol/L；C＋D组为右美托咪定和水合氯醛混合加入培养液中，两药终浓度同CHL组和DEX组。新生SD大鼠处死取脑，显微镜下解剖分离出海马组织，消化洗涤制备细胞悬液，计数培养。原代培养7 d后加入含药培养基，再恒温孵育24 h。Western-Blot法检测激活型半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(cleaved Caspase-3)。实验重复3次。 结果CHL组cleaved Caspase-3条带增强，C＋D组cleaved Caspase-3条带较CHL组减轻，DEX组与NS组cleaved Caspase-3条带不明显。按灰度值计算(cleaved Caspase-3/α-tubulin)，NS组和DEX组分别为(0.15±0.12)和(0.09±0.05)，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，CHL组为(1.20±0.00)，较NS组增加(P<0.01)，C＋D组为0.73±0.14，较CHL组降低(P<0.01)。 结论水合氯醛直接接触能诱导新生大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡，右美托咪定不引起细胞凋亡，还能减轻水合氯醛引起的细胞凋亡。     

CT检查室应对新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间发热病人检查策略及检查技师防护

2019年12月武汉市发现多例不明原因肺炎患者,这是一种新型的冠状病毒,2020年1月12日世界卫生组织将其定义为2019-新型冠状病毒,简称COVID-19。近日,国际病毒分类学委员会(ICTV)正式将该病毒命名为SARS-CoV-2,全称为:严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2。该病毒传染性极强,胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)扫描对该病的筛查和初步诊断有非常重要作用,甚至有专家学者提出:影像学检查可以作为病人确诊的重要依据。影像技师成为继发热门诊、感染科和ICU后最危险的一线群体。本文通过CT室对新型冠状病毒感染病人制定防护策略,重视专科理论学习和技术操作培训,制定发热门诊病人和隔离病区病人检查流程、穿脱防护用品流程,加强医疗废物管理,加强个人防护和消毒隔离措施,重视医技人员心理支持,按照制订的各类流程合理安排一般普通门诊、住院、发热门诊和隔离病区病人的检查,科室划分污染区、半污染区、清洁区,制定合理的消毒、隔离方案,旨在为所有影像同仁提供参考。     

Measurement of chloral hydrate,trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid and monochloroacetic acid in the serum and the urine by gas chromatography

Summary A gas chromatographic method for the determination of trichloroethylene metabolites in the serum and the urine is described.The trichloroethanol glucuronide in the urine was hydrolyzed to trichloroethanol by -glucuronidase. After an extraction with ethyl ether, the extract was dried at 20C, then the residue was extracted with n-hexane and was injected into a gas Chromatograph.Trichloroacetic acid and monochloroacetic acid in the urine were extracted with ethyl ether. After evaporation of the ethyl ether, the acids were methylated with methanolic hydrogen chloride, by heating, and the residue was taken up in n-hexane and was injected into a gas chromatograph. The peak-areas on the gas chromatogram of the trichloroethylene, chloral hydrate and methyl esters of trichloroacetic acid and monochloroacetic acid were measured respectively, using a calibration curve prepared in the same conditions.Procedure for measuring trichloro-compounds in the serum was the same as for that in the urine, except that the ethyl ether extraction of trichloro-compounds was conducted after deproteinization.The serum concentration of trichloro-compounds in the rabbit, after administering trichloroethylene orally, reached the maximum in the following order: trichloroethylene and chloral hydrate > free trichloroethanol, trichloroethanol glucuronide and monochloroacetic acid > trichloroacetic acid. The urinary metabolites of trichloroethylene did so in the following order: free trichloroethanol and monochloroacetic acid > trichloroethanol glucuronide > trichloroacetic acid.Read before the 45th Annual Meeting of Japan Industrial Health Association, Tokyo, April 8, 1972.     

儿童中枢神经系统感染行脑CT检查的价值分析

目的探讨脑CT检查对儿童中枢神经系统感染的诊断效果,结合临床实际分析其应用价值。方法选取2015年1月-2016年4月儿童内科收治确诊的中枢神经系统感染患儿48例为研究对象,均排除患有严重心肝肾器质性病变和免疫血液系统疾病,入院后分别行电子计算机断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)检查,重点观察中枢神经系统感染患儿脑CT检查的影像表现,以临床综合确诊结果为金标准并与MRI检查结果比较,观察脑CT检查的诊断效果,综合分析其临床应用价值。结果 48例中枢神经系统感染患儿中CT检查确诊病毒性脑炎15例、结核性脑膜炎8例、脑囊虫病5例、化脓性脑膜炎4例,总确诊率为66.67%,MRI检查病毒性脑炎20例、结核性脑膜炎10例、脑囊虫病6例、化脓性脑膜炎5例,总确诊率为85.42%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CT对25例细菌性感染确诊率43.48%(10/23),低于MRI检查95.65%(22/23),比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CT、MRI检查23例病毒性感染患儿确诊率分别为88.00%(22/25)、76.00%(19/25),比较差异无统计学意义。结论 CT、MRI均是临床检查中枢神经系统感染的重要手段,MRI诊断效果相对更优;CT在临床应用中检查可根据诊断需要借助MRI检查,优化诊断效果。     

Application of cryopreserved human hepatocytes in trichloroethylene risk assessment: relative disposition of chloral hydrate to trichloroacetate and trichloroethanol

BACKGROUND: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a suspected human carcinogen and a common groundwater contaminant. Chloral hydrate (CH) is the major metabolite of TCE formed in the liver by cytochrome P450 2E1. CH is metabolized to the hepatocarcinogen trichloroacetate (TCA) by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and to the noncarcinogenic metabolite trichloroethanol (TCOH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). ALDH and ADH are polymorphic in humans, and these polymorphisms are known to affect the elimination of ethanol. It is therefore possible that polymorphisms in CH metabolism will yield subpopulations with greater than expected TCA formation with associated enhanced risk of liver tumors after TCE exposure. METHODS: The present studies were undertaken to determine the feasibility of using commercially available, cryogenically preserved human hepatocytes to determine simultaneously the kinetics of CH metabolism and ALDH/ADH genotype. Thirteen human hepatocyte samples were examined. Linear reciprocal plots were obtained for 11 ADH and 12 ALDH determinations. RESULTS: There was large interindividual variation in the Vmax values for both TCOH and TCA formation. Within this limited sample size, no correlation with ADH/ALDH genotype was apparent. Despite the large variation in Vmax values among individuals, disposition of CH into the two competing pathways was relatively constant. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the use of cryopreserved human hepatocytes as an experimental system to generate metabolic and genomic information for incorporation into TCE cancer risk assessment models. The data are discussed with regard to cellular factors, other than genotype, that may contribute to the observed variability in metabolism of CH in human liver.     

CT examination of diverticular sigmoiditis

The authors deal with the incidence of sigmoid diverticulosis in Hungary. The pathomorphological types of the inflammatory complications (pericolic inflammation, abscess, abscess-phlegmon, chronic phlegmonic diverticulitis) are discussed in details. It is pointed out that besides the examinations available so far (irrigoscopy, colonoscopy), the clinical picture decided the question of whether or not the inflammatory complication required surgical treatment. CT examination offers a new possibility as well as an examination free of complication which furnishes more exact information as compared to every method used so far to the determination of the inflammation and thus to the decision of using surgical or conservative therapy.     

X线与CT诊断新生儿气胸临床研究

目的：研究诊断新生儿气胸时X线及CT检查方法的临床应用价值。方法：选择嘉兴市妇幼保健院2009年8月-2012年8月间120例出现气胸的新生儿患者,所有患儿均拍摄了胸部前后仰卧位X线片,116例患儿随后又进行多次胸片随访,其中20例患者还进行了胸部CT扫描。结果：进行X线检查得出41侧为少量气胸,22例需要外科引流术或者穿刺抽气;79例有多量气胸,其中71例需要进行外科处理。结论：新生儿气胸进行前后仰卧位X线胸片基本可以满足临床诊断的需要,但如果仅为一侧肺野透过度增强,膈面和心缘非常清晰锐利,则可诊断为多量气胸,对于该类患者,应用CT影像学检查可以增加诊断准确性。