老年人胆囊疾患的腹腔镜处理

对5年间两医院实施的110例75岁以上（平均77岁）老年人胆囊疾患经腹腔镜处理（LC）的临床资料进行回顾性分析。全组占全部LC的4.8%（110/2 270）。103例成功实施LC，治愈率93.6%；其中6例于术前或术后内镜下行十二指肠乳头括约肌切开、胆总管取石，5例在腹腔镜下行胆总管探查取石。LC中转开腹7例（6.4%）。术后发生并发症6例（5.5%），包括局限性腹腔积液2例，心肌梗死2例，胆瘘和胆管炎各1例。死亡1例(0.9%)。提示LC治疗75岁以上老年人胆囊疾病是安全可行的,对于合并胆总管结石者,可选择LC联合腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石或内镜下括约肌切开取石等微创措施,尽可能避免开腹手术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术时胆囊管嵌顿结石的处理

目的　总结腹腔胆囊切除术 (LC)时处理胆囊管结石嵌顿的经验。　方法　 1997年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,5 8例胆囊管结石嵌顿。先行胆囊管切开取石而后术中胆道造影 ,如发现胆总管结石则联合内镜切石或中转开腹。　结果　 5 8例均取石成功。 5 1例行单纯LC。术中胆道造影示胆总管结石 7例 ,5例行LC术中联合内镜下括约肌切开取石 ,2例中转开腹行胆总管切开取石联合T管引流。无严重并发症发生。　结论　几乎所有胆囊管结石嵌顿都可用胆囊管切开取石的方法完成LC ,并结合术中胆道造影 ,如发现胆总管结石可联合内镜括约肌切开取石。     

腹腔镜下胆道探查与内镜Oddi括约肌切开取石的研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆道探查取石,T管引流术和腹腔镜胆囊切除一期联合内镜Oddi括约肌切开取石治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的临床应用价值。方法:统计分析研究组(77例腹腔镜胆道探查取石即LCH- TD及43例腹腔镜胆囊切除一期联合内镜Oddi括约肌切开取石即LC- EST)与对照组(60例常规开腹胆总管探查即OCHTD)胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者的临床资料。结果:研究组胆总管结石合并胆囊结石120例中111例行微创手术取得成功,占92. 5%,与对照开腹探查组相比,术后恢复较好,住院时间短,取得了较满意的效果(P<0 .05);研究组中运用LCH -TD的患者较LC EST的患者手术操作时间、术后腹痛、恶心及住院天数差异有显著性(P<0. 05)。两者在胆总管内径及结石大小方面差异亦有显著性(P<0. 05)。结论:LCH -TD与LC -EST两种术式微创,安全且临床疗效可靠,能代替大部分开腹胆总管探查术;腹腔镜胆总管探查取石法总体上优于腹腔镜胆囊切除一期联合内镜Oddi括约肌切开取石法。胆总管直径>1 0cm者行LCH- TD是一种安全可行的方法。若胆总管内径<1cm,且胆总管结石<1 0cm,建议行LC- EST。     

内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石

目的 :探讨运用内镜联合腹腔镜治疗肝外胆管结石的方法。方法 :对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者 ,5 1例行开腹胆囊切除 +胆总管探查术 ,4 0例行内镜下十二指肠乳头切开取石术 (EST) +腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC) ,比较两者临床疗效、住院时间、并发症等。结果 :开腹组术中结石取净率为 88 2 % ,住院时间为2 1.9± 7.2d ,术后并发切口感染 1例。内镜组中有 2例取石失败 ,改行开腹 ,余均取石成功 ,取石成功率为95 % ,住院时间为 10 3± 4 5d ,无严重并发症。结论 :与传统的开腹胆囊切除加胆总管探查术相比 ,EST +LC治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石具有创伤小、住院时间短、患者康复快、并发症少等优点 ,此种方法可代替大部分开腹胆囊切除术加胆总管探查术     

一期腹腔镜胆囊切除联合腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的清石效果观察

目的 探讨一期腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的清石效果.方法 2018年2月～2020年2月收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人110例,按照取石方式的不同分为对照组观察组,每组各55例.对照组采用LC联合乳头括约肌切开取石术(EST)或内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP...     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术79例临床分析

目的总结腹腔镜下处理急性胆囊炎的临床经验. 方法回顾性分析2002年9月～2003年8月79例腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗急性胆囊炎(acute cholecystitis,AC)的临床资料. 结果 75例术中胆道造影成功,显示胆总管结石6例,其中4例行LC联合术中内镜括约肌切开取石,2例中转开腹行胆总管切开取石T管引流.单纯胆囊结石73例,70例LC成功,3例因炎症粘连明显而中转开腹.全组无严重并发症发生. 结论绝大多数急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行.     

腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床观察

目的探讨腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析95例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人行腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗的临床资料。结果本组63例先行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)治疗,其中59例成功行EST+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),但术中并发十二指肠乳头少量出血2例,术后发生胆道感染1例,出现可疑十二指肠漏1例;4例EST取石失败后1周内改开腹手术,术后并发腹腔感染1例,胆漏1例。23例顺利行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术,其中腹腔镜胆囊管探查取石5例,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石18例。9例因疑诊胆总管结石而先行LC,术后2~4 d再行EST。术后随访6~12个月,均未出现反流性胆管炎、乳头狭窄等并发症,无胆管结石残留。结论腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石效果满意。     

老年腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管探查取石术的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨经腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管切开探查取石术(LCBDE)治疗老年胆囊疾病合并胆总管结石患者的临床效果及安全性。方法:回顾性分析采用LCBDE治疗(LCBDE组)与内镜下Oddi括约肌切开取石术(EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗(LC-EST组)的老年(≥60岁)胆囊疾病合并胆总管结石患者各60例的临床资料。结果:两组患者术前一般资料具有可比性。LCBDE组患者的手术时间、住院时间及手术并发症发生率均明显的低于LC-EST组(均P0.05);术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、手术成功率、一次性手术成功率、中转开腹率、一次性结石清除率两组间差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:LCBDE治疗老年胆囊疾病合并胆总管结石与LC联合EST手术效果相当,但具有手术时间短、术后恢复快、并发症率低的优点。     

胆总管结石的微创处理策略选择

目的:探讨合理选择胆总管结石患者的手术方法及时机。方法:总结我院1992年至2008年3月开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)20000余例的经验,尤其是971例患者合并胆总管结石的治疗经验。结果:LC术前行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)发现胆总管结石246例,其中230例顺利完成内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术的患者在完成LC后发现胆总管残留结石15例,经过再次内镜手术取出结石。LC术后残留结石73例中68例完成内镜乳头括约肌切开取石术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST),5例再次开腹手术。完成491例腹腔镜胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石,"T"管引流术(laparoscopic choledocholithotomy T-tube drainage,LCTD),出现胆漏11例,经保守治疗治愈。173例经过胆囊管取出胆总管结石,无并发症发生。结论:LCTD是治疗胆总管结石较理想的微创术式,可通过切开胆囊管和部分胆总管,减低手术难度,缩短手术时间。EST手术应在LC前,以免LC后行EST失败,需再次行开腹手术。     

腹腔镜手术治疗残余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜下经残余胆囊管胆道探查取石或经胆总管切开探查取石术联合残余胆囊切除治疗残余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的安全性和可行性。方法 2008年2月~2014年6月我院对15例残余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(开腹胆囊切除术后7例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术后8例)采用腹腔镜下经残余胆囊管胆道探查取石或经胆总管切开探查取石联合腹腔镜残余胆囊切除。结果 14例(93.3%)完成腹腔镜下残余胆囊切除和胆总管探查取石术,其中7例经残余胆囊管胆道探查取石,7例经胆总管切开探查取石;1例(6.7%)因残余胆囊三角炎症严重中转开腹。结石取净率100%。1例术后T管脱出但未造成严重后果。15例随访6~70个月(中位数20个月),未发生术前症状复发、胆总管结石复发或胆总管狭窄等并发症。结论腹腔镜下经残余胆囊管胆道探查取石或经胆总管切开探查取石联合残余胆囊切除是治疗残余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全和可行的方法。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆漏处理的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术( laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术后胆漏的原因及防治方法.方法:回顾分析2000年1月至2011年1月14例LC术后胆漏患者的临床资料.结果:14例中胆囊管残端漏2例,迷走胆管漏1例,胆管残余结石10例,胆管损伤1例.5例胆管残余结石,均于术后3～5d行内镜...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合十二指肠镜技术治疗选择性胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC)联合十二指肠镜技术治疗选择性胆总管结石的价值. 方法回顾性分析2002年1月～2003年12月32例选择性胆总管病变行LC联合内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP)治疗的临床资料. 结果 LC术前ERCP 24例,发现胆总管结石19例,括约肌狭窄3例,正常2例,病变均经ERCP EST(内镜乳头括约肌切开术, endoscopic sphincterotomy)后行LC术.LC术后ERCP 8例,发现胆总管结石4例,括约肌狭窄3例,正常1例,除1例取石失败开腹手术外,所有病变均经EST治愈. 结论 LC与ERCP相结合对选择性胆总管结石的治疗有很高的临床应用价值,扩大了胆道微创治疗的范围.     

腹腔镜联合手术135例报告

目的　探讨腹腔镜联合手术的优越性和手术原则。　方法　回顾分析 1994年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月 135例 2 3类腹腔镜联合手术的方法及结果。　结果　 132例腹腔镜联合手术获成功 ,成功率97 7% (132 /135 )。 2例中转开腹手术 ,1例胆总管残余结石术后行内镜下Oddi括约肌切开取石 (EST)。　结论　腹腔镜联合手术创伤小 ,痛苦轻 ,多病联治 ,住院时间短。联合手术应有明确指证 ,避免清洁与污染的手术联合。     

Preoperative Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for the Management of Cholecystocholedocholithiasis: 10-Year Experience

Abstract No procedure has yet been identified as the “gold standard” for the detection and treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This prospective study involves 2137 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The algorithm for diagnostic management in place until July 1997 involved routine intravenous cholangiography and selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Subsequently, assessment of the bile duct was not routinely performed, but a scoring system was applied to single out those patients at risk of CBDS who should undergo intravenous cholangiography and/or ERC (see Fig. 2). Whenever bile duct stones were found, endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) was performed, and LC was performed with a standardized four-cannula technique after endoscopic bile duct stone clearance. Common bile duct stones were suspected in 340 patients who were referred for preoperative ERC; 250 patients were referred for ES; 21 patients were referred for open surgery because of failure of ERC or sphincterotomy. Common bile duct stones, detected in 283 cases (13.2%), were removed before surgery in 250 cases (88.3%) and during surgery in 28 cases (9.9%). Self-limited pancreatitis occurred in 4.2% of the patients after sphincterotomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 98.4% of the cases. The conversion rate was 8.3% if sphincterotomy had been performed previously and 3.4% after standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p < 0.001). The morbidity rate was 4.5%; mortality, 0.09%. During follow-up five patients (0.2%) had retained stones endoscopically treated. Future trials of novel strategies for detecting and treating CBDS should compare the results of novel strategies with those of the strategy employed in this study, which includes selective ERC, preoperative ES, and LC.     

Routine vs ``on demand' postoperative ERCP for small bile duct calculi detected at intraoperative cholangiography

Background: The detection of small and often asymptomatic gallbladder calculi within the bile duct at intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) frequently poses a management dilemma. Therefore, we set out to compare the outcomes and costs of two management strategies for small stones that remain in the bile duct after LC—routine postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) vs observation alone with ``on-demand' ERCP. Methods: We studied 70 patients with bile duct stones among 922 consecutive patients who underwent LC between 1990 and 1997. Data were collected prospectively. Bile duct calculi were detected in 70 of 705 patients (9.9%) with successful IOC. Of these, 44 patients had large calculi (≥5 mm in diameter) and were subjected to a laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. The remaining 26 patients had small calculi (<5 mm in diameter); four of them had undergone preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and duct clearance and were therefore excluded from analysis. Patients with small duct calculi were assigned, according to individual surgeon policy, to either routine postoperative ERCP (group A, n= 8) or observation (group B, n= 14). ERCP was reserved for those who become symptomatic. The two groups were comparable for age and sex distribution. Results: No complications developed during the follow-up period in patients assigned to observation, although four became symptomatic and underwent ERCP. In group A, ERCP demonstrated a clear biliary tree in four patients and bile duct calculi in three patients; it failed in one patient. In group B, ERCP demonstrated a clear bile duct in one patient and bile duct calculi in two patients; it also failed in one patient. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and duct clearance were achieved in all patients with demonstrable bile duct calculi at ERCP. There was no morbidity or mortality associated with ERCP. The overall hospital stay was significantly longer in group A than in group B (median 5 vs 1.5 days; p= 0.011); however, the number of outpatient clinic visits was significantly greater in group b (median 3 vs 5.5, p= 0.011). The mean hospital costs, including the costs of hospital stay, readmissions, ERCP, and follow-up, were significantly greater in group A than in group B (mean ￡2669 vs ￡1508, p= 0.008). Conclusion: A ``wait and see' policy of observation alone for patients with small bile duct calculi detected at IOC during LC appears to be safe, and it is more cost-effective than routine postoperative ERCP. ERCP should be reserved for post-LC patients who become symptomatic. Received: 20 May 1999/Accepted: 24 September 1999/Online publication: 28 September 2000     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石

目的:探讨应用十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)、内镜下十二指肠乳头切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的适应证、手术时机和临床效果。方法:回顾分析为63例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者采用ERCP、EST联合LC序贯治疗的临床资料。先行EST取出胆总管结石,再于2～5 d内行LC。结果:61例(97%)成功施行EST,2例失败,59例成功完成LC,无出血、胆漏等并发症发生。结论:联合应用EST和LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全可行,具有患者创伤小、康复快、并发症少及无需T管引流等优点,充分体现了当今外科领域微创化的治疗原则,可作为治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的最佳选择。     

腹腔镜联合手术198例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜联合手术在腹部外科的优越性和临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院1994年8月至2005年5月198例23类腹腔镜联合手术的临床资料。结果198例腹腔镜联合手术中,4例中转,1例术后胆漏,1例胆总管残余结石术后行内镜下Oddi括约肌切开取石(EST),其余192例均获成功并且顺利恢复。结论只要严格掌握手术指征,腹腔镜联合手术能够安全、有效、经济地处理腹部多种疾病,值得临床推广普及。     

微创治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石57例报告

目的:探讨胆囊结石合并胆管结石的微创治疗方式及如何选择最佳的治疗方案。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2013年6月57例胆囊结石合并胆管结石患者的临床资料。结果:本组57例均顺利完成手术。49例行腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)+腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE),其中3例术后发生胆漏,1例为胆总管T管引流,经保守治疗后治愈;2例行胆总管一期缝合,于术后2~3 d急诊开腹手术探查,术后恢复良好;术后经T管造影发现胆管残余结石2例,于术后8~9周经T管窦道取石成功。术前影像学检查发现2例患者胆总管直径<0.8 cm,行内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术(endoscopic sphincterotomy for lithotomy,EST-L)+LC,术后恢复良好。3例LC术中经扩张的胆囊管置入胆道镜取石后直接结扎。LC术后确诊继发胆总管结石3例,均行EST-L,患者恢复良好。结论:胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创治疗,应根据患者病情、术者所掌握的技能及设备条件等个体化选择具体术式,一般术前及术中确诊的患者应以"LC+LCBDE"为首选,而LC术后确诊的继发胆总管结石应首选EST-L。由于Oddi括约肌结构的复杂性、功能的特殊性及不可复制性,术者在选择具体手术方式时,应注意保护Oddi括约肌的结构与功能,尽量避免行EST-L。     

胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创治疗体会

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)、内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:在2010年1月至2015年11月收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者中选取可耐受腹腔镜手术、ERCP且ASA分级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的成年患者作为研究对象,危急重症胆囊炎、急性胆管炎及要求保守治疗的患者未纳入研究。分为两组:LC+LCBDE组与ERCP/EST+LC组,比较分析两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用及术后并发症等指标。结果:共纳入76例患者,30例行LC+LCBDE,其中2例中转开腹;46例行ERCP/EST+LC,其中2例因ERCP取石失败,不予统计。两组患者术中出血量、术后并发症差异无统计学意义,LC+LCBDE组手术时间、住院时间、住院费用优于ERCP/EST+LC组,差异有统计学意义。结论:两种术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效相当,但LC+LCBDE可能更加经济实惠。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆总管残留结石的转归

目的:研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscop ic cholecystectomy,LC)后胆总管残留结石的处理及转归。方法:回顾分析我院1992年4月至2006年6月15 000余例LC术后28例胆总管残留结石的原因、治疗及转归。结果:LC术后28例胆总管残留结石中结石自行排出3例,ERCP确诊25例,25例通过EST成功取石,其中1例为术后胆漏并发胆管结石。结论:通过加强术前检查、术中仔细操作和术后积极处理,可减少LC术后胆总管残留结石及其他严重并发症的发生。