列当的生药鉴别

目的 对列当Orobanche caerulescens进行生药学研究.方法 采用性状及显微鉴别的方法,对列当的性状,茎的组织构造和粉末的显微特征进行鉴别.结果 列当茎的横切面由表皮、皮层、维管束和髓组成.外韧型维管束呈深波状环列;木质部细胞全部木化;具较发达的木纤维和明显的髓射线.粉末中可见花粉粒、非腺毛、网纹细胞、淀粉粒、纤维及导管.结论 列当的以上特征可为鉴别其真伪及制定其质量标准提供可靠的依据.     

红吹风的生药学鉴别

目的:对红吹风药材进行生药学鉴别。方法:分别对红吹风药材进行性状、显微及理化鉴别。结果:红吹风根的韧皮部有纤维束成群散在,木质部纤维束径向排列;茎中柱鞘纤维含大量草酸钙簇晶与针晶;叶中草酸钙簇晶多见,有外韧型维管束;理化鉴别提示有黄酮类成分。结论:以上特征可为红吹风药材的鉴别研究和开发利用提供参考依据。     

壮药厚叶算盘子的显微鉴别

目的厚叶算盘子全株收敛固脱,祛风消肿。主治风湿骨痛,跌打肿痛,脱肛,子宫下垂,白带,泄泻,肝炎,牙痛。有关显微鉴别方面的研究未见报道,本文对壮药厚叶算盘子进行显微鉴别研究,为有关部门临床应用和开发利用提供参考资料。方法用滑走切片法和徒手切片法对根茎叶进行切片,用常规的显微技术观察组织构造和显微特征。结果厚叶算盘子根横切面木栓层较宽;皮层细胞大而较窄;木质部宽广,导管较大而稀疏;中央具较小髓部。茎横切面韧皮部较宽,外侧具纤维束,成环状排列;木质部较窄,导管少,多单个散在。叶横切面非腺毛粗短;上表皮细胞2列;主脉维管束上下方的表皮内侧具厚壁组织。粉末中叶表皮上的气孔为平轴式或不定式,非腺毛较多,石细胞单个散在,簇晶较多,棱角尖锐,纤维较多,随处散在。结论以上特征可作为厚叶算盘子的主要鉴定依据。     

药用红树植物桐花树的生药学鉴别

目的 对药用红树植物桐花树药材进行生药学鉴别.方法 采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等方法进行研究.结果 桐花树的根坚韧,具皮孔,根皮层具木栓孔结构;茎横断面有木质部棕色同心环,中柱鞘有石细胞群和纤维束组成的厚壁细胞环,髓部有分泌腔散在;叶上、下表面有盐腺分布;粉末中可见石细胞、盐腺、气孔及导管等特征.紫外扫描有明显的吸收峰;薄层色谱展开良好.结论 上述特征可作为桐花树药材鉴定的参考依据.     

龙胆科三种地格达类蒙药材的显微鉴别研究

目的:对龙胆科三种地格达类蒙药材扁蕾、椭圆叶花锚、肋柱花的粉末及茎的横切片进行显微鉴别研究,为地格达类蒙药材的鉴定和开发利用提供参考。方法:用光学显微镜观察。结果:在三种蒙药材粉末中观察到了相同的气孔轴式、螺纹导管和纤维,及各不相同的花粉粒、叶表皮细胞和腺毛。在三者的茎横切片均可见表皮、皮层、韧皮部、木质部和髓,但构造形态有较大差异。结论:以上显微特征对龙胆科地格达类蒙药的鉴别具有一定意义。     

饿蚂蝗的生药学鉴别

目的生药学鉴别饿蚂蝗。方法对饿蚂蝗药材进行性状鉴别、显微鉴别、紫外-可见光谱鉴别。结果根的木质部木纤维众多;茎皮层、韧皮部及髓部可见方晶;叶主脉维管束鞘纤维断续排列成环;全草的粉末可见方晶、纤维,偶见分枝纤维,淀粉粒极多。在200～800 nm处扫描,发现6种不同的提取液都有吸收峰。结论饿蚂蝗的生药学特征明显,可为药材鉴别提供参考。     

壮药青藤的显微鉴定

目的:研究青藤的显微鉴定特征,为提高药材质量标准提供参考.方法:对青藤的根、茎、叶及粉末进行显微特征观察及化学成分预试.结果:根横切面木质部可见大型导管,茎横切面的皮层有纤维束断续成环,叶横切面下表皮有气孔,栅栏组织过主脉,有1～2列厚角组织.药材粉末中石细胞多见,单个散在或成群,类方形、类多角形或类圆形,厚壁纤维长梭...     

塘葛菜的显微鉴定

目的对塘葛菜进行显微鉴别研究。方法采用石蜡切片法对塘葛菜根、茎、叶进行切片,使用显微技术观察组织构造及显微特征。结果根横切面射线和形成层明显;茎横切面有14~16个维管束间断排列成环,外侧具中柱鞘纤维束;叶脉横切面主脉维管束外韧型,上表皮下方具1列色素细胞,栅栏组织与海绵组织分化不明显;全草粉末中可见花粉粒、花冠表皮、花萼表皮、腺毛、种皮、非腺毛、导管、纤维和淀粉粒。结论该鉴定方法可靠,可作为塘葛菜的鉴定依据。     

沙蓬的组织构造和显微鉴定

目的对蒙药沙蓬的组织构造和显微特征进行研究。方法对沙蓬根和茎横切面的组织构造进行显微鉴定,并对根、茎、叶以及果实的粉末显微特征进行鉴别。结果沙蓬根的横切面呈现异常生长的三生组织构造特征,轴器官为双螺旋状式样结构类型,异常维管束为外韧型维管束。茎的横切面组织构造呈现异常生长的三生构造特征,轴器官为同心环状式样结构类型,皮层附加异常维管束为外韧型维管束,3、4轮同心环状排列。异常维管束之间的结合组织结构式样为径向厚壁木质化型,束间薄壁组织细胞高度木质化,轮层间的薄壁组织细胞较大。根的粉末可见大量草酸钙簇晶,螺纹、网纹、孔纹等多种类型导管,薄壁细胞高度木质化,纤维细长高度木质化,细胞腔明显。茎部粉末可见不等式或不定式气孔,草酸钙簇晶数量众多,导管为螺纹、网纹、孔纹。叶部粉末亦可见不等式或不定式气孔,草酸钙簇晶数量众多,散在或镶嵌于薄壁细胞中,薄壁细胞细长。果实粉末可见大量分支状非腺毛和胚乳细胞,草酸钙簇晶存在于薄壁细胞腔内或镶嵌于细胞间隙,数目极多。结论该研究成果可用于沙蓬药材的显微鉴定,为制定沙蓬药材的质量标准打下基础。     

草木犀药材的生药学研究

目的:研究草木犀药材的生药学。方法:从原植物形态、性状特征、显微特征和药材浸提物的紫外光谱、药材粉末的红外光谱方面对草木犀进行定性鉴别。结果:草木犀药材根横切面可见辐射型维管束中有19束射线;茎横切面髓部占整个横切面的4/5;小叶片横切面主脉维管束正上方有栅栏组织通过;叶柄横切面呈心形,内有3个大小不等的维管束成三角形排列;叶表皮分布有细胞组成的腺毛和单细胞非腺毛;组织解离中叶可见草酸钙方晶的晶纤维,不定式气孔,叶柄有腺毛和非腺毛表面可见疣状突起,螺纹导管;提取物紫外光谱图、药材粉末二阶导数红外光谱图特征明显。结论:该研究所建标准可用于草木犀药材的生药学鉴别。     

Antineoplastic agents. III: Steroidal glycosides from Solanum nigrum

By bioactivity-guided fractionation, three known steroidal glycosides, beta 2-solamargine (1), solamargine (2), and degalactotigonin (3), were isolated from Solanum nigrum. Compounds 1-3 induced morphological abnormality in Pyricularia oryzae mycelia with MMDC (minimum morphological deformation concentration) values of 63.0, 38.5, and 97.2 microM, respectively. This is the first report on the isolation of 1 from this species and on the cytotoxicity of 1-3 on six cultured human solid tumor cell lines HT-29 (colon), HCT-15 (colon), LNCaP (prostate), PC-3 (prostate), T47D (breast), and MDA-MB-231 (breast) in vitro. The cytotoxic assay indicated that 2 is the main antineoplastic agent in S. nigrum. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral analysis, especially by 2D-NMR analysis.     

苗药黑骨藤药材的显微结构研究

目的研究苗药黑骨藤原植物药用部分的显微结构。方法采用石蜡制片和表皮离析方法。结果3种植物的茎均由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,种间差异不大。维管束为无限双韧维管束类型。叶的结构基本相同,叶柄形态、表皮细胞和气孔器的大小及密度具种间差异。上表皮均无气孔器,表皮细胞垂周壁平直;下表皮的表皮细胞垂周壁波浪状,气孔器为平列型。结论显微结构特征在黑骨藤药材的鉴定中具有重要的参考价值。     

Box-Behnken效应面法优化龙葵中总生物碱的提取工艺

目的 优选龙葵中总生物碱的提取工艺。方法 采用单因素试验结合Box-Behnken 效应面法,以总生物碱提取率为指标,考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对提取工艺的影响,采用酸性染料比色法,利用紫外分光光度计测定总生物碱的含量。结果 确定龙葵中总生物碱提取的最佳工艺条件：乙醇体积分数为63.72%,料液比为1∶41.23,提取时间为54.93 min,提取2次,总生物碱提取率为1.40 mg·g^-1。结论 Box-Behnken 效应面法用于龙葵中总生物碱提取工艺条件的优选是可行的,模型预测效果较好。     

Stem cell-derived endothelial cells for cardiovascular disease: a therapeutic perspective

Stem cell therapy and organ regeneration are therapeutic approaches that will, we suggest, become mainstream for the treatment of human disease. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal surface of every vessel in the body, are essential components in any organ regeneration programme. There are a number of potentially therapeutic endothelial cell types, including embryonic, adult progenitor and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells, as well as host vascular cells. The features (benefits as well as disadvantages) of each cell type that make them potentially useful in therapy are important to consider. The field of stem cell biology is well developed in terms of protocols for generating endothelium. However, where there is a distinct and urgent unmet need for knowledge concerning how the endothelial cells from these different sources function as endothelium and how susceptible they may be to inflammation and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, where stem cells have been used in clinical trials there is little commonality in protocols for deriving the cells (and thereby the specific phenotype of cells used), administering the cells, dosing the cells and/or in assessing efficacy attributed to the cells themselves. This review discusses these and other issues relating to stem cell-derived endothelial cells in cell therapy for cardiovascular disease.     

龙葵碱药理作用研究进展

龙葵碱主要存在于茄科植物马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）的块茎及龙葵（Solanum nigrum）的全草中。近年研究发现,龙葵碱除具有毒性作用外,还具有抗肿瘤、抗病原微生物作用。国内外学者对其药理、毒理作用及机制进行了深入研究。本文对龙葵碱药理学和毒理学研究相关进展进行综述,为其进一步的研究和应用提供参考。     

The implications of human stem cell differentiation to endothelial cell via fluid shear stress in cardiovascular regenerative medicine: a review

Stem cell therapy heralds a new chapter in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Cardiovascular implants are often used in both surgery and interventional cardiology. Cardiovascular stents are utilized in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and are classified as either bare metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting stents (DES). Although DES might decrease the risk of vascular restenosis, there are complications (e.g. thrombosis) associated with it as well. Many new and novel composite materials are increasingly being developed along the premise of mobilizing and attracting endogenous stem cells to home-in and differentiate into a confluent layer of endothelial cell around the vessel wall. One of the main forces acting on cells in a blood vessel wall is fluid shear stress. Fluid shear stress is vital in establishing the vasculature of the embryo, and different shear stress patterns have been both implicated in maintaining vascular physiology, and also associated with certain pathological conditions. Recent evidence suggests that via a plethora of mechanosensors and mechanotransduction signaling pathways, stem cells differentiate into endothelial cells when exposed to fluid shear stress. Here we review the current knowledge pertaining to the roles that mechanosensors and mechanotransducers play in stem cell differentiation into endothelial cells via fluid shear stress, and its implications for pharmacological applications and cardiovascular implants in the realm of regenerative medicine.     

龙葵有效成分提取工艺及药理作用的研究概况

中草药龙葵含有多种有效成分,如龙葵生物碱,龙葵多糖、矿物质、维生素、色素、氨基酸等有效成分,所以呈现不同的药理作用。本文参考文献报道和总结本实验室研究工作,就其有效成分的提取工艺和药理作用进行综述,全草经醇水混合提取成分药理作用效果最佳。     

Effect of proton beam on blood vessel formation in early developing zebrafish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis>) embryos

Proton beam therapy can kill tumor cells while saving normal cells because of its specific energy delivery properties and so is used to various tumor patients. However, the effect of proton beam on angiogenesis in the development of blood vessels has not been determined. Here we used the zebrafish model to determine in vivo whether proton beam inhibits angiogenesis. Flk-1-GFP transgenic embryos irradiated with protons (35 MeV, spread out Bragg peak, SOBP) demonstrated a marked inhibition of embryonic growth and an altered fluorescent blood vessel development in the trunk region. When cells were stained with acridine orange to evaluate DNA damage, the number of green fluorescent cell death spots was increased in trunk regions of irradiated embryos compared to non-irradiated control embryos. Proton beam also significantly increased the cell death rate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), but pretreatment with N-acetyl cystein (NAC), an antioxidant, reduced the proton-induced cell death rate (p<0.01). Moreover, pretreatment with NAC abrogated the inhibition of trunk vessel development and prevented the trunk malformation caused by proton irradiation. In conclusion, proton irradiation significantly inhibited in vivo vascular development possibly due to increased vascular cell death via reactive oxygen species formation.