Conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis

The management of knee osteoarthritis requires a combination of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment modalities. Non-pharmacological therapies include patient education, lifestyle modification, weight reduction, regular exercise, physiotherapy and the use of orthopaedic appliances (canes, insoles, braces). Pharmacological treatment includes the application of non-opioid or opioid analgetics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or coxibes and intra-articular glucocorticoids. Glucosamin, chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid are safe and provide symptomatic relief while their therapeutic effects remain uncertain.     

Conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A review of the literature

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic debilitating disease with an estimated prevalence of 23.9% in the general adult population. The condition is characterised by joint pain, functional impairment and significant reduction in quality of life. Management for KOA can generally be divided into conservative (non-operative) and surgical (operative) measures. Conservative management broadly compromises pharmacological and non-pharmacological options and is conventionally the first line treatment to avoid or delay the need for surgical management. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current recommendations, efficacy and safety profile of different conservative treatments through a review of the literature.     

全膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的研究全膝关节置换治疗骨关节炎的近中期手术效果,探讨手术方法与术后效果。 方法回顾性分析了皖南医学院弋矶山医院2010年7年至2018年3月临床资料。膝关节骨关节炎手术患者共81例,平均疼痛时间(8±3)年,均采用后稳定型假体,膝关节内外翻、屈曲畸形通过术中骨赘清理、内外侧副韧带和后方关节囊等软组织松解等技术矫正。术后关节囊内注入氨甲环酸抗凝及早期进行康复治疗。术前及术后拍摄下肢全长X片及膝关节正侧位X片记录股胫角度和屈曲畸形角度,统计手术时间、术后引流量。术后随访1、3、6、12、24月复查膝关节正侧位X线,记录膝关节活动度和疼痛情况,并进行膝关节协会评分(KSS)。用SPSS 17.0软件,数据采用配对t检验分析。 结果平均随访时间(22±5)个月,手术时间平均(71±6)min,引流量平均(380±5)ml,膝关节股胫角术后平均为(1.3±1.0)°,术后有4例术后出现膝前痛。无血管及神经损伤等并发症,下肢力线基本恢复正常。无术后感染发生。随访复查膝关节正侧位X线片,未发现假体松动、下沉。随访膝关节活动度、疼痛。膝关节KSS评分有显著改善(临床t＝－66,功能t＝－91.7,P<0.05) 。 结论全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎,术中应用骨赘清理、内外侧,后方关节囊等软组织松解等手术技术,可纠正内外翻畸形,恢复下肢力线、改善膝关节活动度和缓解疼痛,临床效果满意。     

OARSI osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology assessment system: A biomechanical evaluation in the human knee

The study compared the OARSI osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology assessment system with the biomechanical quality of human in vivo cartilage samples. In a prospective cohort study, 84 patients (100 knees) with varus deformity of the knee were included between May, 2010 and January, 2012. Osteochondral samples underwent biomechanical and histologic analysis. The dynamic modulus significantly (p < 0.001) decreased with each advancing grade of degeneration from OARSI Grade 0 (surface intact) to OARSI Grade 4 (erosion). For the aggregate modulus, there were significant (p < 0.001) differences between OARSI Grade 0 and OARSI Grade 1 as well as between OARSI Grade 1 and OARSI Grade 2. From OARSI Grade 2 to OARSI Grade 5, no differences in aggregate modulus occurred. The new OARSI grading system provides useful information about the functional properties of cartilage. There is a significant difference in cartilage stiffness between samples with intact surface and no signs of degeneration (OARSI Grade 0) and samples with intact surface and early signs of arthritis (OARSI Grade 1). Surgeons performing joint preserving procedures have to be aware that in knees with an intact cartilage surface (OARSI Grade 0/1), significant differences in the biomechanical properties may exist. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:135–140, 2016.     

关节镜手术治疗膝骨性关节炎的体会

[目的]探讨膝关节镜下有限清理联合透明质酸钠注射治疗骨性关节炎的疗效。[方法]本院2003年9月～2004年10期间治疗的45例（52膝），采用关节镜下清理术联合透明质酸钠注射治疗，术后早期功能锻炼。[结果]参照Lyscholm评价标准，经1a随访，优良率93．3％，未出现感染、血肿、血管及神经损伤等并发症。[结论]关节镜术下有限清理联合透明质酸钠注射治疗膝骨关节炎，术后疗效满意，笔者认为在把握好手术适应证的基础上，该方法应该作为膝骨性关节炎的首选治疗方法。     

Injectable therapies for knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis that mainly affects older adults. Over time, osteoarthritis can result in significant and sustained discomfort, pain, and disability. Current treatment focuses on the alleviation of pain and functional impairment. While arthroplasty is the definitive management option, it subjects patients to surgical complications, and the possibility of surgical revisions. In addition, many patients are not surgical candidates. Instead, pharmacological therapy is recommended first-line for most patients. On top of pharmacological therapy, there are a range of non-operative procedural options available. However, leading professional guidelines vary in their recommendations for these agents.Therefore, we present a review of recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses on injectable corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cell injections, and ozone therapy. The preliminary data reveal the strongest evidence in favour of corticosteroid injections, although there are promising findings regarding the long-term efficacy of HA and PRP.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎

[目的]评价人工膝关节置换术治疗骨关节炎的临床疗效。[方法]本院自1994年10月～2003年10月采用人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎81例（95膝），男10例，女71例；平均年龄65．5岁（50—82岁）；左膝35例，右膝26例，双侧同时置换17例；保留后交叉韧带假体18膝，后方稳定性假体62膝，活动衬垫15膝。[结果]本组平均随访42个月（14—108个月），应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析，优：80膝（84．21％），良：10膝（10．53％），可：3膝（3．16％），差：2膝（2．10％）。优良率94．74％。[结论]作者认为人工全膝关节置换术能有效的缓解膝关节骨关节炎的疼痛，改善膝关节功能。正确的选择假体、精细的手术操作和严格的术后康复是保证手术效果的关键。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗晚期骨性关节炎

目的总结全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎的经验,探讨其治疗效果。方法对215例（226膝）骨性关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换术,应用KSS膝关节评分系统进行疗效分析。结果178例获得随访,时间15d～11年5个月,平均（29±8．2）个月,膝关节评分平均（87±3．9）分,优良率91．5％;膝关节功能评分平均（76±9．9）分,优良率66．6％。结论全膝关节表面置换术对于严重膝骨性关节炎的疼痛缓解、功能改善方面有良好疗效。     

小切口单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎94膝的中短期疗效研究

[目的]探讨小切口单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的中短期疗效与手术技术。[方法]回顾性分析本院2003年1月～2010年6月收治的87例(94膝)经小切口单髁置换术治疗的膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎患者的资料。对患者膝关节疼痛VAS评分、关节活动度、膝关节HSS评分、关节力线等进行评估分析,分析单髁关节置换临床效果、遇到的问题及应对方法。[结果]术后平均随访3.4年(6个月～7年),返修2例,无感染、深静脉血栓、假体脱位等,HSS评分由术前61.05分增至92.67分,优良率达92%。VAS评分由术前6.46分降至2.80分。术后疼痛缓解率94%。膝屈曲度平均达127.53°。术后力线平均内翻2°。[结论]小切口单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎中短期疗效满意,具有创伤小、恢复快、症状改善明显、术后功能良好等特点。     

固定平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧骨关节炎

目的：探讨采用固定平台假体膝关节单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎的早期临床疗效。方法：自2015年1月至2017年12月,采用固定平台单髁置换术治疗62例膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎患者,其中男19例,女43例;年龄47~83（65.3±8.2）岁;病程5~72（19.4±14.3）个月。观察术后并发症情况,并采用VAS评分评价疼痛缓解程度,HSS膝关节评分评价临床疗效。结果：62例患者均获得随访,时间4~40（19.9±10.2）个月。所有患者切口愈合良好,无须术后输血,住院时间2~10（3.5±1.6） d。术后未发生脱位、感染、松动或假体周围骨折等并发症,1例患者术后1个月并发胫后静脉血栓。HSS评分由术前的69.9±7.2提高至末次随访时的90.1±7.4;其中优51例,良9例,可2例;VAS评分由术前的3.8±0.9降至末次随访时的1.1±0.9。结论：固定平台单髁关节置换术治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎术后住院时间短,并发症低,可以获得较好的早期临床疗效。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的冲洗疗法

目的　观察膝关节骨性关节炎冲洗疗法的疗效。方法　采用冲洗疗法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎 86例 97个关节。结果　优 2 1例 ,良 42例 ,中 16例 ,差 7例 ,优良率为 73.6 %。结论　关节冲洗是一种姑息措施 ,可解除症状 ,有一定的应用价值     

同期双侧膝关节表面置换术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎

2006年3月～2009年3月,我们对5例骨性关节炎患者行同期双侧膝关节表面置换术治疗,取得良好效果。1 材料与方法1．1病例资料本组5例（10膝）．男1例,女4例,年龄52～67岁：均为双侧膝关节骨性关节炎,患者行走、活动时剧烈疼痛,其中2例基本无法行走,膝关节x线片均有严重的骨质增生,关节间隙变窄甚至消失,均存在膝内翻畸形出现症状至接受手术时间为5～7年。     

Osteotomies for lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis

Lateral compartment osteoarthritis (LCOA) is often associated with valgus deformity of the knee. The concept of correcting the alignment by performing distal femoral varus osteotomy (DFVO) to unload the lateral compartment is well accepted and it is viewed as the preferred option for young active patients due to dissatisfaction from arthroplasty under 55 years of age or if they wish to remain active. Beyond this there is no consensus on patient selection, preoperative assessment, techniques to achieve correction, end point of correction, return to work or sports post-surgery, and survivorship of osteotomy with conversion to a total knee replacement as the end point due to heterogenous, retrospective studies. Here, we review relevant literature to help patient selection, preoperative work up, techniques, and outcomes.